scholarly journals Tissue Recombination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Recombination

Hydra regeneration from recombined ectodermal and endodermal tissue. II. Differential stability in the ectodermal and endodermal epithelial organization

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (16) ◽  
pp. 1919-1934
Author(s):  
M. Murate ◽  
Y. Kishimoto ◽  
T. Sugiyama ◽  
T. Fujisawa ◽  
H. Takahashi-Iwanaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Spherical Structure ◽  
Epithelial Sheet ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
Tissue Recombination

Hydra tissue consists of the ectodermal and the endodermal layers. When the two layers were separated by procaine treatment and then recombined, the ectodermal epithelial cells spread as a single cell layer over the endoderm as in epiboly in vertebrate embryogenesis, and the resultant spherical structure subsequently regenerated into a complete hydra. In this study, light and electron microscopy were used to examine the structural changes which took place in the cells and tissue during this epibolic ectodermal spreading process. Within a few hours after tissue recombination, the endoderm underwent dramatic changes; it lost its epithelial sheet organization, and turned into a mass of irregularly shaped cells without the apical-basal cell polarity initially present. In contrast, the ectoderm maintained its basic epithelial sheet organization as it spread over the endoderm. Later, the endodermal epithelial cells reorganized themselves into a single-layered epithelial sheet underneath the spreading ectodermal layer. The resultant spherical structure consisted of a single layer of ectodermal epithelial cells outside, a single layer of endodermal epithelial cells inside, and an empty cavity in the center as in normal hydra tissue. This structure regenerated into hydra in the following days. These and other observations demonstrate that the two-layered epithelial sheet organization is highly dynamic, and that its stability is maintained by strong interactions between the two layers in normal hydra. It is suggested that this dynamic nature of the hydra tissue, particularly the high plasticity of the endodermal epithelial sheet organization, may be an important element for the high regenerative capacity of this organism.

The genesis of membrane bone in the embryonic chick maxilla: epithelial-mesenchymal tissue recombination studies

Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Mary S. Tyler ◽  
David P. McCobb
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Embryonic Chick ◽  
Limb Buds ◽  
Mesenchymal Tissue ◽  
Membrane Bone ◽  
Tissue Recombination

In the present study, the question of whether a relatively non-specific epithelial requirement exists for membrane bone formation within the maxillary mesenchyme was investigated. Organ rudiments from embryonic chicks of three to five days of incubation (HH 18–25) were enzymatically separated into the epithelial and mesenchymal components. Maxillarymesenchyme (from embryos HH 18–19) which in the absence of epithelium will not form bone was recombined with epithelium from maxillae of similarly aged embryos (homotypichomochronic recombination) and of older embryos (HH 25) (homotypic-heterochronicrecombination). Heterotypic recombinations were made between maxillary mesenchyme (HH 18–19) and the epithelium from wing and hind-limb buds (HH 19–22). Recombinants were grown as grafts on thechorioallantoic membranes of host chick embryos. Grafts of intact maxillae, isolated maxillary mesenchyme, and isolated epithelia from the maxilla, wing-, and hind-limb buds weregrown as controls. The histodifferentiation of grafted intact maxillae was similar to that in vivo; both cartilage and membrane bone differentiated within the mesenchyme. Grafts of maxillary mesenchyme (from embryos HH 18–19) grown in the absence of epithelium formed cartilage but did not form membrane bone. Grafts of maxillary mesenchyme (from embryos HH 18–19) recombined with epithelium in homotypichomochronic, homotypic-heterochronic, and heterotypic tissue combinations formed membrane bone in addition to cartilage. These results indicate that maxillary mesenchyme requires the presence of epithelium to promote osteogenesis and that this epithelial requirement is relatively non-specific in terms of type and age of epithelium.

scholarly journals 2185 The effects of autoimmune inflammation on proliferation, differentiation, and androgen receptor signaling in adult prostate stem cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Paula Cooper ◽  
Hsing-Hui Wang ◽  
Meaghan Broman ◽  
Emery Goossens ◽  
Hristos Kaimakliotis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
3D Cell Culture ◽  
Androgen Receptor Signaling ◽  
Autoimmune Inflammation ◽  
Cancer Initiation ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Tissue Recombination ◽  
Survival Mechanisms

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The primary goal of this project is to verify findings from a murine prostatitis model in the human setting. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Methods include primary cell isolation and culture, FACS, adoptive transfer, 3D cell culture, histology, immunofluorescence, xenograft, and tissue recombination. The study population includes patients undergoing HoLEP or radical prostatectomy due to hyperplasia or adjacent bladder or prostate cancer. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Having verified similar sensitivities to androgen receptor (AR) inhibitors between naive murine and human basal prostate stem cells, we anticipate that autoimmune inflammation in humans affects the response of basal prostate stem cells in a manner similar to the murine setting as well. This includes increased proliferation, increased differentiation, and decreased response to AR inhibitors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The identification of survival mechanisms used by basal prostate stem cells in an androgen deprived environment may give insight to the process by which prostate cancer becomes androgen independent. The effect of inflammation on proliferation, survival, and AR signaling in these cells may also provide information relevant to cancer initiation and progression.

scholarly journals Regulation of Prostatic Stem Cells by Stromal Niche in Health and Disease

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (9) ◽  
pp. 4303-4306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail P. Risbridger ◽  
Renea A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Tumor Stroma ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Stem Cell Regulation ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Tissue Recombination ◽  
Cell Niche

The isolation and characterization of prostatic stem cells has received significant attention in the last few years based on the belief that aberrant regulation of adult stem cells leads to prostate disease including cancer. The nature of the perturbations in stem cell regulation remains largely unknown. Although adult stem cells are can be governed by autonomous regulatory mechanisms, the stromal niche environment also provides essential cues to direct directing differentiation decisions and can lead to aberrant proliferation and/or differentiation. Elegant tissue recombination experiments, pioneered by Gerald Cunha and colleagues, provided evidence that quiescent epithelial tissues containing adult stem cells were capable of altered differentiation in response to inductive and instructive mesenchyme. In more recent times, it has been demonstrated that embryonic mesenchyme is sufficiently powerful to direct the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into mature prostate or bladder. In addition, prostatic tumor stroma provides another unique niche or microenvironment for stem cell differentiation that is distinct to normal stroma. This review highlights the importance of the appropriate selection of the stromal cell niche for tissue regeneration and implies plasticity of adult stem cells that is dictated by the tissue microenvironment.

The function and mechanism of convergent extension during gastrulation of Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 89 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 185-209
Author(s):  
R. E. Keller ◽  
Michael Danilchik ◽  
Robert Gimlich ◽  
John Shih
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Convergent Extension ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Tissue Recombination ◽  
Migration Of Cells ◽  
Time Lapse Video

The processes thought to function in Xenopus gastrulation include bottle cell formation, migration of cells on the roof of the blastocoel, and autonomous convergent extension of the circumblastoporal region. A review of recent and classical results shows that only the last accounts for the bulk of the tissue displacement of gastrulation, including spreading of the marginal zone toward the blastopore, involution of the marginal zone, and closure of the blastopore. Microsurgical manipulation and explantation studies, analysed by time-lapse video and cine microscopy, shows that the dorsal circumblastoporal region contains two regions which show either autonomous or semiautonomous convergent extension. The dorsal involuting marginal zone (IMZ) undergoes convergence (narrowing) and extension (lengthening) after its involution, beginning at the midgastrula stage and continuing through neurulation, such that it simultaneously extends posteriorly across the yolk plug and narrows the blastoporal circumference. Concurrently, the corresponding region of the overlying non-involuting marginal zone (NIMZ) begins a complementary convergent extension, but at a greater rate, which spreads vegetally to occupy surface area vacated by the IMZ. Tissue recombination experiments show that the deep cells of the dorsal IMZ bring about convergent extension. Labelling of small populations of these cells with a cell lineage tracer shows that convergent extension involves intercalation of deep cells to form a longer, narrower array. Direct time-lapse video and cine micrography of deep cells in cultured explants show that convergent extension involves radial and circumferential intercalation. Removal of the entire blastocoel roof of the early gastrula, including all or part of the NIMZ, shows that convergent extension of the IMZ alone can bring about its involution and blastopore closure. The role of convergent extension in gastrulation of other amphibians and other metazoans and its significance to related problems in early development are discussed.

scholarly journals Preparation of Urogenital Sinus Mesenchymal Cells for Prostate Tissue Recombination Models

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (11) ◽  
pp. pdb.prot078055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zong ◽  
Andrew S. Goldstein ◽  
Owen N. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Cells ◽  
Prostate Tissue ◽  
Urogenital Sinus ◽  
Tissue Recombination
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