Modal Chromosome Number

Seven strains of HeLa cells have been characterized by the number of chromosomes and the activity of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase. All seven strains were found to differ as to chromosome numbers and enzyme levels despite the fact that two strains were called HeLa and three were called HeLa S3. Three strains were found to have a stemline in which greater than 60% of the cells demonstrated a single chromosome number, and this characteristic was stable for at least 6 months. A nomenclature for these clones has been suggested by the use of the stemline chromosome number as a subscript following HeLa. These three clones were, therefore, designated HeLa65, HeLa71, and HeLa75. Karyotypes were made of the stemlines of these clones and were compared with enzyme levels. Alkaline phosphatase showed the greatest variation from cell line to cell line with a 200-fold difference in levels, whereas glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase showed variation in activity over a 12-fold range, lactic dehydrogenase over an 8-fold range, and 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase over a 2-fold range. It is suggested that human cell strains can be used for biochemical studies if they are cloned and if the clones are relatively stable at least with respect to modal chromosome number and karyotype.

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BANDING ANALYSIS OF THE CHROMOSOMES OF MARMOSA MITIS (MURINE OPOSSUM)

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g74-003 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Frances M. Curcuru-Giordano ◽

Richard G. Weed ◽

Edmund C. Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Y Chromosome ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

X Chromosome ◽

Chromosome Elimination ◽

Modal Chromosome Number ◽

Banding Analysis ◽

Lung Cell Cultures

The modal chromosome number of 14 has been confirmed in Marmosa mitis by examining 622 metaphase spreads derived from heart and lung cell cultures as well as from direct bone marrow preparations. Nine adult individuals, seven females and two males, were investigated. Preferential Y chromosome elimination was observed in both males. It was found that four of the seven chromosome pairs could be identified morphologically while Q-banding allowed differentiation of all chromosomes. The ASG technique revealed that one X chromosome was consistently heterochromatic.

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REGULATION OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE IN HELA CLONES OF DIFFERING MODAL CHROMOSOME' NUMBER

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb46412.x ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 166 (2 The Phosphohy) ◽

pp. 417-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. J. Griffin ◽

R. H. Bottomley

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Modal Chromosome Number

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Prognostic Impact of Trisomies of Chromosomes 10, 17, and 5 Among Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and High Hyperdiploidy (> 50 Chromosomes)

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2000.18.9.1876 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 1876-1887 ◽

Cited By ~ 122

Author(s):

Nyla A. Heerema ◽

Harland N. Sather ◽

Martha G. Sensel ◽

Tracy Zhang ◽

Raymond J. Hutchinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Chromosome 17 ◽

Significant Prognostic Factor ◽

Prognostic Impact ◽

Chromosome 5 ◽

Chromosome 10 ◽

Modal Chromosome Number ◽

Improved Outcome

PURPOSE: Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and high hyperdiploidy (> 50 chromosomes) have improved outcome compared with other ALL patients. We sought to identify cytogenetic features that would predict differences in outcome within this low-risk subset of ALL patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: High-hyperdiploid ALL patients (N = 480) were enrolled between 1988 and 1995 on Children’s Cancer Group (CCG) trials. Karyotypes were determined by conventional banding. Treatment outcome was analyzed by life-table methods. RESULTS: Patients with 54 to 58 chromosomes had better outcome than patients with 51 to 53 or 59 to 68 chromosomes (P = .0002). Patients with a trisomy of chromosome 10 (P < .0001), chromosome 17 (P = .0002), or chromosome 18 (P = .004) had significantly improved outcome compared with their counterparts who lacked the given trisomy. Patients with a trisomy of chromosome 5 had worse outcome than patients lacking this trisomy (P = .02). Patients with trisomies of both chromosomes 10 and 17 had better outcome than those with a trisomy of chromosome 10 (P = .09), a trisomy of chromosome 17 (P = .01), or neither trisomy (P < .0001). Multivariate analysis indicated that trisomy of chromosome 10 (P = .001) was the most significant prognostic factor for high-hyperdiploid patients, yet trisomy of chromosome 17 (P = .02) or chromosome 5 (P = .01) and modal chromosome number (P = .02) also had significant multivariate effects. CONCLUSION: Trisomy of chromosomes 10 and 17 as well as modal chromosome number 54 to 58 identify subgroups of patients with high-hyperdiploid ALL who have a better outcome than high-hyperdiploid patients who lack these cytogenetic features. Trisomy of chromosome 5 confers poorer outcome among high-hyperdiploid patients.

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Flow Cytometric DNA Index and Karyotype in Childhood Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Analytical Cellular Pathology ◽

10.1155/1998/712042 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 145-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Erik Forestier ◽

Gösta Holmgren ◽

Göran Roos

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Prognostic Information ◽

Dna Index ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Modal Chromosome Number ◽

Flow Cytometric Measurement

Flow cytometric DNA-index (DIFCM) and karyotype were analysed in 82 consecutive children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during a 10 year period. A statistically significant correlation existed between modal chromosome number and DIFCM(p= 0.009). DIFCMcould reliably identify leukemias with >51 chromosomes, whereas only three out of 12 cases with modal chromosome numbers between 47–51 were classified as aneuploid by DIFCM. In the pseudodiploid group only one out of 20 leukemias had a DIFCM>1.0. Five leukemias with a diploid karyotype showed an aneuploid DIFCMand in three patients the flow cytometric measurement revealed biclonality undetected by karyotyping. During treatment aneuploid clones could be detected by DIFCMin a substantial number of cases where the cytogenetic analysis was normal, and the opposite was also demonstrated in one case. DIFCMgave prognostic information, showing that cases with a DI >1.12 (corresponding to 51 chromosomes) had a superior outcome with treatment protocols today in use.

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