scholarly journals Occipital Lobe, Parietal Lobe, and Ventricular Ependymal Tumor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Ependymal Tumor

scholarly journals Development of a Modelling to Correlate Site and Diameter of Brain Metastases with Hippocampal Sparing Using Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Chiesa ◽  
Mario Balducci ◽  
Luigi Azario ◽  
Simona Gaudino ◽  
Francesco Cellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Hippocampal Sparing ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To correlate site and diameter of brain metastases with hippocampal sparing in patients treated by RapidArc (RA) technique on whole brain with simultaneously integrated boost (SIB).Methods and Materials. An RA plan was calculated for brain metastases of 1-2-3 cm of diameter. The whole brain dose was 32.25 Gy (15 fractions), and SIB doses to brain metastases were 63 Gy (2 and 3 cm) or 70.8 Gy (1 cm). Plans were optimized and evaluated for conformity, target coverage, prescription isodose to target volume, homogeneity index, and hippocampal sparing.Results. Fifteen brain lesions and RA plan were generated. Hippocampal volume was 4.09 cm3, and hippocampal avoidance volume was 17.50 cm3. Related to site of metastases, the mean hippocampal dose was 9.68 Gy2for occipital lobe, 10.56 Gy2for frontal lobe, 10.56 Gy2for parietal lobe, 10.94 Gy2for deep brain structures, and 40.44 Gy2for temporal lobe. The mean hippocampal dose was 9.45 Gy2, 10.15 Gy2, and 11.70 Gy2for diameter’s metastases of 1.2 and 3 cm, respectively, excluding results relative to temporal brain lesions.Conclusions. Location more than size of metastases can adversely influence the hippocampus sparing. Further investigation is necessary to meet definitive considerations.

Post-Stimulation Effect of Electroacupuncture at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 on cerebral functional regions in healthy volunteers: A resting functional MRI study

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Shanshan Qu ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Limin Liu ◽  
Guanzhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Limbic Lobe ◽  
The Right

Objective The aim of the present work was to observe the activation/deactivation of cerebral functional regions after electroacupuncture (EA) at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 by functional MRI (fMRI). Design A total of 12 healthy volunteers were stimulated by EA at Yintang and GV20 for 30 min. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before EA, and at 5 and 15 min after needle removal. Statistical parametric mapping was used to preprocess initial data, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were analysed. Results ReHo at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the left temporal lobe and cerebellum and decreases in the left parietal lobe, occipital lobe and right precuneus. At 15 min post stimulation, ReHo showed increases in the left fusiform gyrus; lingual gyrus; middle temporal gyrus; postcentral gyrus; limbic lobe; cingulate gyrus; paracentral lobule; cerebellum, posterior lobe, declive; right cuneus and cerebellum, anterior lobe, culmen. It also showed decreases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and right cingulate gyrus. ALFF at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the right temporal lobe, but decreases in the right limbic lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. At 15 min post stimulation ALFF showed increases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, right temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and cerebellum, but decreases in the left frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, right frontal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusions After EA stimulation at Yintang and GV20, which are associated with psychiatric disorder treatments, changes were localised in the frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus and cerebellum. Changes were higher in number and intensity at 15 min than at 5 min after needle removal, demonstrating lasting and strong after-effects of EA on cerebral functional regions.

The influence of dynamic response and brain deformation metrics on the occurrence of subdural hematoma in different regions of the brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Post ◽  
T. Blaine Hoshizaki ◽  
Michael D. Gilchrist ◽  
Susan Brien ◽  
Michael D. Cusimano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Rotational Acceleration ◽  
Brain Deformation ◽  
Strain And Strain Rate ◽  
The Brain

Object The purpose of this study was to examine how the dynamic response and brain deformation of the head and brain—representing a series of injury reconstructions of which subdural hematoma (SDH) was the outcome—influence the location of the lesion in the lobes of the brain. Methods Sixteen cases of falls in which SDH was the outcome were reconstructed using a monorail drop rig and Hybrid III headform. The location of the SDH in 1 of the 4 lobes of the brain (frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital) was confirmed by CT/MR scan examined by a neurosurgeon. Results The results indicated that there were minimal differences between locations of the SDH for linear acceleration. The peak resultant rotational acceleration and x-axis component were larger for the parietal lobe than for other lobes. There were also some differences between the parietal lobe and the other lobes in the z-axis component. Maximum principal strain, von Mises stress, shear strain, and product of strain and strain rate all had differences in magnitude depending on the lobe in which SDH was present. The parietal lobe consistently had the largest-magnitude response, followed by the frontal lobe and the occipital lobe. Conclusions The results indicated that there are differences in magnitude for rotational acceleration and brain deformation metrics that may identify the location of SDH in the brain.

scholarly journals Stable complexes of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with vascular dementia with different localization of brain pathological focuses

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zlobin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Affective Symptoms

The aim of the study was to determine the stable complexes of neuropsychiatric symptoms inherent in patients with vascular dementia with different localization of brain damage. 157 people with a diagnosis of vascular dementia were examined. Group 1 included 22 people with localization of the pathological process in the frontal lobe, group 2 — 18 patients with lesions of the temporal lobe, group 3 — 17 patients with lesions of the parietal lobe, group 4 — 15 patients with lesions of the occipital lobe, group 5 — 68 people with total defeat. All contingents are post-stroke patients over 50 years old, the average age is 68.12 years. Research methods: clinical-psychopathological, clinical-instrumental, experimental-psychological, anamnestic, clinical-statistical. The stable complexes (clusters) of neuropsychiatric symptoms inherent in patients with vascular dementia with different localization of brain lesions were determined. Revealing the following stable associations “localization — cluster”: frontal lobe — subpsychotic cluster (delusion — hallucinations — euphoria — agitation — depression); temporal lobe — asthenoanxiotic cluster (anxiety — irritability — agitation — sleep disturbances — apathy); parietal lobe — excitable-depressive cluster (depression — agitation — irritability — sleep disturbances); occipital lobe — affectocentric cluster (anxiety — depression — agitation — irritability); total defeat — asthenopathoideatoric cluster (apathy — irritability — agitation — anxiety — delirium). The identification of the association allows one to confidently determine the nature of the expected neuropsychiatric symptoms immediately after obtaining neuroimaging data regarding the localization of the lesion, which creates optimal conditions for the timely formation of a program of appropriate therapeutic interventions. Key words: vascular dementia, psychopathology, affective symptoms, neuropsychiatric symptoms, geriatric psychiatry

scholarly journals Subcortical Hypermetabolism Associated With Cortical Hypometabolism Is a Common Metabolic Pattern in Patients With Anti-Leucine-Rich Glioma-Inactivated 1 Antibody Encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobin Zhao ◽  
Shaokun Zhao ◽  
Yaojing Chen ◽  
Zhanjun Zhang ◽  
Xiaotong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neurologic Disability ◽  
The Individual

PurposeBrain 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is a sensitive technique for assisting in the diagnosis of patients with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1) antibody encephalitis. However, the common pattern of this disorder assessed by FDG PET remains unknown. The present study aimed to explore the glucose metabolic patterns of this disorder based on PET voxel analysis.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 25 patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis, who were admitted in Beijing Tiantan Hospital between September 2014 and July 2019. The glucose metabolic pattern was compared between the included patients and 44 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using Statistical Parametric Mapping. Then, the correlation between the metabolic pattern and scaled activities of daily living (ADLs) of the patients was assessed.ResultsThe median time from symptom onset to PET scans was 9 w (range:2-53w). The groupwise analysis revealed that patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis had left hippocampal hypermetabolism and hypometabolism in almost all neocortical regions. The individual-level results showed most patients presented a decreased metabolism in neocortical regions, as well as an increase in metabolism in the hippocampus and basal ganglia. Furthermore, the metabolic gradient between hippocampus and neocortical regions was positively associated with the ADLs (frontal lobe, r=0.529, P=0.008; parietal lobe, r=0.474, P=0.019; occipital lobe, r=0.413, P=0.045; temporal lobe, r=0.490, P=0.015), respectively. In addition, the patients with facio-brachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) presented bilateral putamen hypermetabolism, when compared to patients without FBDS and healthy controls.ConclusionSubcortical hypermetabolism associated with cortical hypometabolism presented with a common metabolic pattern in patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis in the present study. The resolution of the metabolic gradient of the hippocampal hypermetabolism and neocortical hypometabolism may bring about improved clinical neurologic disability.

scholarly journals Visual Disturbance Caused by a Nail Gun-Induced Penetrating Brain Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207
Author(s):  
Jin Bong Ye ◽  
Young Hoon Sul ◽  
Se Heon Kim ◽  
Jin Young Lee ◽  
Jin Suk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Penetrating Brain Injury ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Neurologically Intact ◽  
The Brain

Penetrating brain injury caused by a nail gun is an uncommon clinical scenario reported in the literature. A 36-year-old male presented with a nail that had penetrated through the occipital bone. He was alert and neurologically intact except for visual disturbance. Computed tomography (CT) of the brain showed the nail lodged at the occipital lobe and the parietal lobe, with minimal intracerebral hemorrhage. The nail was placed in the occipital lobe close to the superior sagittal sinus. We removed the nail with craniotomy since the entrance of the nail was close to the superior sagittal sinus. There were no newly developed neurological deficits postoperatively. Immediate postoperative CT showed no newly developed lesions. The patient recovered well without any significant complications. Two weeks postoperatively, magnetic resonance imaging showed no remarkable lesions. The visual disturbance was followed up at the outpatient department. To summarize, we report a rare case of penetrating head injury by a nail gun and discuss relevant aspects of the clinical management.

scholarly journals The Significance of Chimpanzee Occipital Asymmetry to Hominin Evolution

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Shawn Hurst ◽  
Ralph Holloway ◽  
Alannah Pearson ◽  
Grace Bocko
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Hominin Evolution ◽  
Human Brain Evolution ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Posterior Parietal Lobe

Little is known about how occipital lobe asymmetry, width, and height interact to contribute to the operculation of the posterior parietal lobe, despite the utility of knowing this for understanding the relative reduction in the size of the occipital lobe and the increase in the size of the posterior parietal lobe during human brain evolution. Here, we use linear measurements taken on 3D virtual brain surfaces obtained from 83 chimpanzees to study these traits as they apply to operculation of the posterior occipital parietal arcus or bridging gyrus. Asymmetry in this bridging gyrus visibility provides a unique opportunity to study both the human ancestral and human equivalently normal condition in the same individual. Our results show that all three traits (occipital lobe asymmetry, width, and height) are related to this operculation and bridging gyrus visibility but width and not height is the best predictor, against expectations, suggesting that relative reduction of the occipital lobe and exposure of the posterior parietal is a complex phenomenon.

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