scholarly journals Temporal Lobe and Parietal Lobe Ependymal Tumor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Ependymal Tumor

Identification of a Pathogenic PSEN1 Ala285Val Mutation Associated with Early-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 438-445
Author(s):  
Van Giau Vo ◽  
Jung-Min Pyun ◽  
Eva Bagyinszky ◽  
Seong S.A. An ◽  
Sang Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Random Coil ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Preclinical Ad ◽  
Early Onset Alzheimer’S Disease

Background: Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) was suggested as the most common causative gene of early onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Methods: Patient who presented progressive memory decline in her 40s was enrolled in this study. A broad battery of neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging was applied to make the diagnosis. Genetic tests were performed in the patient to evaluate possible mutations using whole exome sequencing. The pathogenic nature of missense mutation and its 3D protein structure prediction were performed by in silico prediction programs. Results: A pathogenic mutation in PSEN1 (NM_000021.3: c.1027T>C p.Ala285Val), which was found in a Korean EOAD patient. Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed mild left temporal lobe atrophy. Hypometabolism appeared through 18F-fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) scanning in bilateral temporal and parietal lobe, and 18F-Florbetaben-PET (FBB-PET) showed increased amyloid deposition in bilateral frontal, parietal, temporal lobe and hence presumed preclinical AD. Protein modeling showed that the p.Ala285Val is located in the random coil region and could result in extra stress in this region, resulting in the replacement of an alanine residue with a valine. This prediction was confirmed previous in vitro studies that the p.Trp165Cys resulted in an elevated Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in both COS-1 and HEK293 cell lines compared that of wild-type control. Conclusion: Together, the clinical characteristics and the effect of the mutation would facilitate our understanding of PSEN1 in AD pathogenesis for the disease diagnosis and treatment. Future in vivo study is needed to evaluate the role of PSEN1 p.Ala285Val mutation in AD progression.

scholarly journals Somatosensory aura in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: semiologic characteristics, MRI findings and differential diagnosis with parietal lobe epilepsy

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Andriani Rahal ◽  
Gerardo Maria de Araújo Filho ◽  
Luís Otávio Sales Ferreira Caboclo ◽  
Vivianne Pellegrino Rosa ◽  
Ricardo da Silva Centeno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Presurgical Evaluation ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Tingling Sensation ◽  
Mesial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Prevalent Symptom

INTRODUCTION: Somatosensory auras (SSAs) are more usually described in patients with parietal lobe epilepsy (PLE), producing more commonly a localized cutaneous tingling sensation, involving hands and fingers followed by tonic or clonic focal seizures. These usually originate in the contralateral hemisphere. Etiology includes dysplasias, tumours, ischemic or postencephalitic gliosis. However, other focal epilepsies, such as frontal and temporal, may also originate SSAs. Although this type of aura is reported as rare in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), this association has not been systematically studied. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article was to describe the cases of four patients with refractory MTLE and SSAs, reporting their clinical characteristics and MRI findings. We discuss the localizing and lateralizing value of SSAs, particularly in the context of MTLE. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four patients with refractory MTLE and SSAs followed-up in the outpatient's clinic at the Epilepsy Section, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, were submitted to presurgical evaluation and corticoamygdalohippocampectomy. MRI in all cases showed unilateral mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). Regarding seizure semiology, tingling sensation involving the upper extremity was the most prevalent symptom. Three of the four patients had SSAs contralateral to the MTS. Following the SSAs all patients most of the time presented other symptoms such as autonomic or psychic auras evolving to psychomotor seizures. After surgical treatment, two of the patients presented infrequent auras, and two were rendered seizure-free. CONCLUSION: Although rare, SSAs can be present in MTLE. The characteristics of autonomic or psychic auras, psychomotor seizures, neuropsychological deficits, and typical neurophysiologic and MRI findings may help differentiate patients with MTLE from those with PLE.

scholarly journals Regional resting state perfusion variability and delayed cerebrovascular uniform reactivity in subjects with chronic carotid artery stenosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Szarmach ◽  
Mariusz Kaszubowski ◽  
Agnieszka Sabisz ◽  
Andrzej F Frydrychowski ◽  
Grzegorz Halena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Ipsilateral Side ◽  
Acetazolamide Challenge

The aim of this study was to assess regional perfusion at baseline and regional cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) to delayed acetazolamide challenge in subjects with chronic carotid artery stenosis.Sixteen patients (ten males) aged 70.94±7.71 with carotid artery stenosis ≥90% on the ipsilateral side and ≤50% on the contralateral side were enrolled into the study. In all patients, two computed tomography perfusion examinations were carried out; the first was performed before acetazolamide administration and the second 60 minutes after injection.The differences between mean values were examined by paired two-sample t-test and alternative nonparametric Wilcoxon’s test. Normality assumption was examined using W Shapiro-Wilk test.The lowest resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) was observed in white matter (ipsilateral side: 18.4±6.2; contralateral side: 19.3±6.6) and brainstem (ipsilateral side: 27.8±8.5;  contralateral side: 29.1±10.8). Grey matter (cerebral cortex) resting state CBF was below the normal value for subjects of this age: frontal lobe – ipsilateral side: 30.4±7.0, contralateral side: 33.7±7.1; parietal lobe – ipsilateral side: 36.4±11.3, contralateral side: 42.7±9.9; temporal lobe – ipsilateral side: 32.5±8.6, contralateral side: 39.4±10.8; occipital lobe – ipsilateral side: 24.0±6.0, contralateral side: 26.4±6.6). The highest resting state CBF was observed in the insula (ipsilateral side: 49.2±17.4; contralateral side: 55.3±18.4). A relatively high resting state CBF was also recorded in the thalamus (ipsilateral side: 39.7±16.9; contralateral side: 41.7±14.1) and cerebellum (ipsilateral side: 41.4±12.2; contralateral side: 38.1±11.3). The highest CVR was observed in temporal lobe cortex (ipsilateral side: +27.1%; contralateral side: +26.1%) and cerebellum (ipsilateral side: +27.0%; contralateral side: +34.6%). The lowest CVR was recorded in brain stem (ipsilateral side: +20.2%; contralateral side: +22.2%) and white matter (ipsilateral side: +18.1%; contralateral side: +18.3%). All CBF values were provided in milliliters of blood per minute per 100 g of brain tissue [ml/100g/min]. Resting state circulation in subjects with carotid artery stenosis is low in all analysed structures with the exception of insula and cerebellum. Acetazolamide challenge yields relatively uniform response in both hemispheres in the investigated population.Grey matter is more reactive to acetazolamide challenge than white matter or brainstem.

The Inferior Temporal Lobe Mediates Distracter-Resistant Visual Search of Patients with Spatial Neglect

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radek Ptak ◽  
Nathalie Valenza
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Mixed Condition ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Core Deficit

Although impaired visual search is a core deficit of patients with spatial neglect, current evidence is not conclusive about the mechanisms underlying this failure. We present evidence from 14 neglect patients searching for a target defined by two perceptual features that visual search is mediated by mechanisms of attentional competition. Participants were tested in three search conditions with constant target and distracter positions: Distracters did not share any feature with the target; distracters shared one feature with the target; two distracters shared one feature and one distracter shared the other feature with the target (mixed condition). Whereas search performance of healthy participants was comparable across conditions, neglect patients had a significant contralesional slowing in the mixed condition compared with the other two conditions. A detailed lesion analysis revealed that involvement of the parietal lobe did not predict the degree of distractibility in visual search. In contrast, neglect patients with high distractibility had more frequent damage to the inferior temporal lobe, suggesting a preliminary role of this region for competitive attentional processes involved in visual search of spatial neglect patients.

Post-Stimulation Effect of Electroacupuncture at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 on cerebral functional regions in healthy volunteers: A resting functional MRI study

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zheng ◽  
Shanshan Qu ◽  
Na Wang ◽  
Limin Liu ◽  
Guanzhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Left Frontal Lobe ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Gyrus ◽  
Functional Regions ◽  
Limbic Lobe ◽  
The Right

Objective The aim of the present work was to observe the activation/deactivation of cerebral functional regions after electroacupuncture (EA) at Yintang (EX-HN3) and GV20 by functional MRI (fMRI). Design A total of 12 healthy volunteers were stimulated by EA at Yintang and GV20 for 30 min. Resting-state fMRI scans were performed before EA, and at 5 and 15 min after needle removal. Statistical parametric mapping was used to preprocess initial data, and regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) were analysed. Results ReHo at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the left temporal lobe and cerebellum and decreases in the left parietal lobe, occipital lobe and right precuneus. At 15 min post stimulation, ReHo showed increases in the left fusiform gyrus; lingual gyrus; middle temporal gyrus; postcentral gyrus; limbic lobe; cingulate gyrus; paracentral lobule; cerebellum, posterior lobe, declive; right cuneus and cerebellum, anterior lobe, culmen. It also showed decreases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, right temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and right cingulate gyrus. ALFF at 5 min post stimulation showed increases in the right temporal lobe, but decreases in the right limbic lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. At 15 min post stimulation ALFF showed increases in the left frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, right temporal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe and cerebellum, but decreases in the left frontal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, right frontal lobe and posterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusions After EA stimulation at Yintang and GV20, which are associated with psychiatric disorder treatments, changes were localised in the frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus and cerebellum. Changes were higher in number and intensity at 15 min than at 5 min after needle removal, demonstrating lasting and strong after-effects of EA on cerebral functional regions.

Right thalamic lacunar infarction presenting with anomic aphasia

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Natanzi ◽  
Sogol Ashourpour ◽  
Pedram Goel ◽  
Patricia W. Nance
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Thalamic Infarction ◽  
Crossed Aphasia ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe present two cases of thalamic infarction presentation with aphasia, which has rarely been documented in the literature. Of interest, the second case presented with a lesion in the non-dominant thalamus, which made the finding of speech impairment exceedingly rare. Anomic aphasia has been associated with lesions to the basal temporal lobe, anterior inferior temporal lobe, temporo-parieto-occipital junction and the inferior parietal lobe, but rarely in association with the thalamus. Thalamic strokes most often present with motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits; few reports in the medical literature associate aphasia with a thalamic infarction. Possible explanations include crossed aphasia, diaschisis, the hypometabolic theory, and the thalamus as a secondary language center. Our findings may hint to a relationship among language, higher cognitive function, subcortical structures, and interhemispheric connections that are yet to be understood completely. We postulate that an increasingly important role of subcortical neuronal structures in cognitive functions will be recognized as diagnostic imaging technology improves over time.

scholarly journals Stable complexes of neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with vascular dementia with different localization of brain pathological focuses

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Zlobin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Affective Symptoms

The aim of the study was to determine the stable complexes of neuropsychiatric symptoms inherent in patients with vascular dementia with different localization of brain damage. 157 people with a diagnosis of vascular dementia were examined. Group 1 included 22 people with localization of the pathological process in the frontal lobe, group 2 — 18 patients with lesions of the temporal lobe, group 3 — 17 patients with lesions of the parietal lobe, group 4 — 15 patients with lesions of the occipital lobe, group 5 — 68 people with total defeat. All contingents are post-stroke patients over 50 years old, the average age is 68.12 years. Research methods: clinical-psychopathological, clinical-instrumental, experimental-psychological, anamnestic, clinical-statistical. The stable complexes (clusters) of neuropsychiatric symptoms inherent in patients with vascular dementia with different localization of brain lesions were determined. Revealing the following stable associations “localization — cluster”: frontal lobe — subpsychotic cluster (delusion — hallucinations — euphoria — agitation — depression); temporal lobe — asthenoanxiotic cluster (anxiety — irritability — agitation — sleep disturbances — apathy); parietal lobe — excitable-depressive cluster (depression — agitation — irritability — sleep disturbances); occipital lobe — affectocentric cluster (anxiety — depression — agitation — irritability); total defeat — asthenopathoideatoric cluster (apathy — irritability — agitation — anxiety — delirium). The identification of the association allows one to confidently determine the nature of the expected neuropsychiatric symptoms immediately after obtaining neuroimaging data regarding the localization of the lesion, which creates optimal conditions for the timely formation of a program of appropriate therapeutic interventions. Key words: vascular dementia, psychopathology, affective symptoms, neuropsychiatric symptoms, geriatric psychiatry

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Transcriptomic Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamel Patel ◽  
Richard J.B Dobson ◽  
Stephen J Newhouse
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Differential Expression Analysis ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Biological Pathways ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

ABSTRACTBackgroundMicroarray technologies have identified imbalances in the expression of specific genes and biological pathways in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. However, there is a lack of reproducibility across individual AD studies, and many related neurodegenerative and mental health disorders exhibit similar perturbations. We are yet to identify robust transcriptomic changes specific to AD brains.Methods and ResultsTwenty-two AD, eight Schizophrenia, five Bipolar Disorder, four Huntington's disease, two Major Depressive Disorder and one Parkinson’s disease dataset totalling 2667 samples and mapping to four different brain regions (Temporal lobe, Frontal lobe, Parietal lobe and Cerebellum) were analysed. Differential expression analysis was performed independently in each dataset, followed by meta-analysis using a combining p-value method known as Adaptively Weighted with One-sided Correction. This identified 323, 435, 1023 and 828 differentially expressed genes specific to the AD temporal lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum brain regions respectively. Seven of these genes were consistently perturbed across all AD brain regions with SPCS1 gene expression pattern replicating in RNA-seq data. A further nineteen genes were perturbed specifically in AD brain regions affected by both plaques and tangles, suggesting possible involvement in AD neuropathology. Biological pathways involved in the “metabolism of proteins” and viral components were significantly enriched across AD brains.ConclusionThis study solely relied on publicly available microarray data, which too often lacks appropriate phenotypic information for robust data analysis and needs to be addressed by future studies. Nevertheless, with the information available, we were able to identify specific transcriptomic changes in AD brains which could make a significant contribution towards the understanding of AD disease mechanisms and may also provide new therapeutic targets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document