Effects of prolonged roll-tilt on the subjective visual and haptic vertical in healthy human subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
A. Wedtgrube ◽  
C.J. Bockisch ◽  
A.A. Tarnutzer
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Roll Tilt

Static roll-tilt over 5 minutes locally distorts the internal estimate of direction of gravity

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2672-2679 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Tarnutzer ◽  
C. J. Bockisch ◽  
D. Straumann ◽  
S. Marti ◽  
G. Bertolini
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Body Roll ◽  
Visual Vertical ◽  
Head Roll ◽  
Global Bias ◽  
Mixture Of Gaussian ◽  
Roll Tilt

The subjective visual vertical (SVV) indicates perceived direction of gravity. Even in healthy human subjects, roll angle-dependent misestimations, roll overcompensation (A-effect, head-roll > 60° and <135°) and undercompensation (E-effect, head-roll < 60°), occur. Previously, we demonstrated that, after prolonged roll-tilt, SVV estimates when upright are biased toward the preceding roll position, which indicates that perceived vertical (PV) is shifted by the prior tilt (Tarnutzer AA, Bertolini G, Bockisch CJ, Straumann D, Marti S. PLoS One 8: e78079, 2013). Hypothetically, PV in any roll position could be biased toward the previous roll position. We asked whether such a “global” bias occurs or whether the bias is “local”. The SVV of healthy human subjects ( N = 9) was measured in nine roll positions (−120° to +120°, steps = 30°) after 5 min of roll-tilt in one of two adaptation positions (±90°) and compared with control trials without adaptation. After adapting, adjustments were shifted significantly ( P < 0.05) toward the previous adaptation position for nearby roll-tilted positions (±30°, ±60°) and upright only. We computationally simulated errors based on the sum of a monotonically increasing function (producing roll undercompensation) and a mixture of Gaussian functions (representing roll overcompensation centered around PV). In combination, the pattern of A- and E-effects could be generated. By shifting the function representing local overcompensation toward the adaptation position, the experimental postadaptation data could be fitted successfully. We conclude that prolonged roll-tilt locally distorts PV rather than globally shifting it. Short-term adaptation of roll overcompensation may explain these shifts and could reflect the brain's strategy to optimize SVV estimates around recent roll positions. Thus postural stability can be improved by visually-mediated compensatory responses at any sustained body-roll orientation.

Chronic stress decreases circulating endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol in healthy human subjects

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buqing Yi ◽  
Igor Nichiporuk ◽  
Matthias Feuerecker ◽  
Gustav Schelling ◽  
Alexander Chouker
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects

scholarly journals Acacia Gum Is Well Tolerated While Increasing Satiety and Lowering Peak Blood Glucose Response in Healthy Human Subjects

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Riley Larson ◽  
Courtney Nelson ◽  
Renee Korczak ◽  
Holly Willis ◽  
Jennifer Erickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Blood Glucose Response ◽  
Acacia Gum ◽  
Fiber Treatment ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects

Acacia gum (AG) is a non-viscous soluble fiber that is easily incorporated into beverages and foods. To determine its physiological effects in healthy human subjects, we fed 0, 20, and 40 g of acacia gum in orange juice along with a bagel and cream cheese after a 12 h fast and compared satiety, glycemic response, gastrointestinal tolerance, and food intake among treatments. Subjects (n = 48) reported less hunger and greater fullness at 15 min (p = 0.019 and 0.003, respectively) and 240 min (p = 0.036 and 0.05, respectively) after breakfast with the 40 g fiber treatment. They also reported being more satisfied at 15 min (p = 0.011) and less hungry with the 40 g fiber treatment at 30 min (p = 0.012). Subjects reported more bloating, flatulence, and GI rumbling on the 40 g fiber treatment compared to control, although values for GI tolerance were all low with AG treatment. No significant differences were found in area under the curve (AUC) or change from baseline for blood glucose response, although actual blood glucose with 20 g fiber at 30 min was significantly less than control. Individuals varied greatly in their postprandial glucose response to all treatments. AG improves satiety response and may lower peak glucose response at certain timepoints, and it is well tolerated in healthy human subjects. AG can be added to beverages and foods in doses that can help meet fiber recommendations.

Diaphragmatic Fatigue after Exercise in Healthy Human Subjects

1993 ◽  
Vol 148 (6_pt_1) ◽  
pp. 1571-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jeffery Mador ◽  
Ulysses J. Magalang ◽  
Angel Rodis ◽  
Thomas J. Kufel
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects ◽  
Diaphragmatic Fatigue

Capsaicin and glucose absorption and utilization in healthy human subjects

2006 ◽  
Vol 534 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Dömötör ◽  
János Szolcsányi ◽  
Gyula Mózsik
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Healthy Human Subjects
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