CLARIAH: Enabling Interoperability Between Humanities Disciplines with Ontologies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Meroño-Peñuela ◽  
Victor De Boer ◽  
Marieke Van Erp ◽  
Richard Zijdeman ◽  
Rick Mourits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Economic History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Fundamental Domains ◽  
Knowledge Organisation ◽  
Data Representations ◽  
Fair Principles ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research

One of the most important goals of digital humanities is to provide researchers with data and tools for new research questions, either by increasing the scale of scholarly studies, linking existing databases, or improving the accessibility of data. Here, the FAIR principles provide a useful framework. Integrating data from diverse humanities domains is not trivial, research questions such as “was economic wealth equally distributed in the 18th century?”, or “what are narratives constructed around disruptive media events?”) and preparation phases (e.g. data collection, knowledge organisation, cleaning) of scholars need to be taken into account. In this chapter, we describe the ontologies and tools developed and integrated in the Dutch national project CLARIAH to address these issues across datasets from three fundamental domains or “pillars” of the humanities (linguistics, social and economic history, and media studies) that have paradigmatic data representations (textual corpora, structured data, and multimedia). We summarise the lessons learnt from using such ontologies and tools in these domains from a generalisation and reusability perspective.

scholarly journals Reusing Data Technical and Ethical Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (06) ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
Juan-José Boté ◽  
Miquel Termens
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Fair Principles ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
New Research ◽  
Research Centres

Research centres, universities and public organisations create datasets that can be reused in research. Reusing data makes it possible to reproduce studies, generate new research questions and new knowledge, but it also gives rise to technical and ethical challenges. Part of these issues are repositories interoperability to accomplish FAIR principles or issues related to data privacy or anonymity. At the same time, funding institutions require that data management plans be submitted for grants, and research tends to be increasingly interdisciplinary. Interdisciplinarity may entail barriers for researchers to reuse data, such as a lack of skills to manipulate data, given that each discipline generates different types of data in different technical formats, often non-standardized. Additionally, the use of standards to validate data reuse and better metadata to find appropriate datasets seem necessary. This paper offers a review of the literature that addresses data reuse in terms of technical, ethical-related issues.

scholarly journals Study Design and Use of Inquiry Frameworks in Qualitative Research Published in Health Education & Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Kegler ◽  
Ilana G. Raskind ◽  
Dawn L. Comeau ◽  
Derek M. Griffith ◽  
Hannah L. F. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior

Qualitative methods help us understand context, explore new phenomena, identify new research questions, and uncover new models of change. To better understand how researchers in health education and health behavior use qualitative methods, we reviewed qualitative articles published in Health Education & Behavior from 2000 to 2015. We identified 48 articles that met our inclusion criteria and extracted information on the qualitative inquiry framework, use of theory, data collection methods, sampling strategy, general analysis approach, and reporting of results. Use of common qualitative inquiry frameworks was rare, with just one grounded theory study, five ethnographies, and one case study. No studies were framed using phenomenological or narrative inquiry approaches. Theory was used most commonly to select sensitizing constructs for analysis (41.7%) and to inform development of data collection instruments (27.1%). Interviews were the most common data collection method (66.7%), with focus groups next most common (39.6%). Sampling was typically purposive (87.5%), although often not labeled as such. Almost all (95.8%) the articles used quotes to illustrate themes and more than half (58.3%) used descriptors of magnitude (e.g., most, some) to report findings. The use of qualitative methods by health education and behavior researchers could be enriched with more intentional application of a broader range of inquiry frameworks. More deliberate application of a range of inquiry frameworks has the potential to broaden the types of research questions asked, application and generation of theory, study design, analytic strategies, and reporting of results.

Peranan Bimbingan Keagamaan dalam Meningkatkan Kecerdasan Spiritual Remaja

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-252
Author(s):  
Risna Dewi Kinanti ◽  
Dudy Imanudin Effendi ◽  
Abdul Mujib
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Research Questions

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui proses bimbingan keagamaan, fungsi bimbingan keagamaan serta hasil bimbingan keagamaan dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual remaja di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari. Dengan pertanyaan penelitian 1) Bagaimana proses bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari?, 2) Bagaiamana fungsi bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari?, 3) Bagaimana hasil bimbingan keagamaan dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual remaja di Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari?. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan datanya dilakukan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, dikarenakan masalah yang diteliti perlu dilukiskan secara sistematis dan faktual dengan menggambarkan keadaan atau status fenomena. Hasil bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding School SMK PPN adalah munculnya aspek-aspek kecerdasan spiritual pada remaja seperti kesadaran untuk menghayati proses ibadah bukan sebagai pengguguran kewajiban, terbiasa berperilaku baik, memiliki prinsip keadilan, memiliki prinsip kebenaran, mampu mengambil hikmah dari musibah yang dihadapinya, bersikap fleksibel, bersikap kritis dan merenungkan penyebab serta alasan segala sesuatu terjadi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa bimbingan keagamaan di Boarding Schoool SMK PPN memiliki peranan yang sangat menunjang dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual remaja. The purpose of this study is to find out how the proccess of islamic guidance, function of islamic guidance, and result of islamic guidance to increase SpritualQuetiont in adolescence. With research questions 1) How the proccess of islamic guidance to increase spiritual quetiont on adolescence ?, 2) What is the function of islamic guidance to increase Spiritual Quetiont on adolescence?, 3) How are the results of islamic guidance to increase Spiritual Quetiont on adolescence?. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive approach with subject and object of research is guidancer. While the data collection tool in this study through observation, direct interview and written interviews. From the results of research conducted at Boarding School SMK PPN Tanjungsari, it appears of Spiritual Quetiont in adolescents. Such as the behavior of living the worship process, get used to behave well, be fair, be wise, able to take lessons from the difficulties they experienced, be flexible, be critical. So, we can conclude that islamic Guidance has a very supportive role in increasing adolescent Spiritual Quetiont.

Influence of Urbanization on Teaching and Learning of Agriculture for Enhance Skill Acqusition in Ebonyi State.

2019 ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Nwakwengu S.A. ◽  
Aneke C.U.
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Urban Settlement ◽  
Public Secondary School ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Senior Secondary

The main purpose of this study was to determine the influence of urbanization in teaching and learning of agriculture in Ebonyi State. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. A descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. The population was 397 which comprised 261 teachers of agricultural science in Ebonyi State and 136 senior secondary three students from 5 public secondary school in Abakiliki, Ebonyi State. No sampling was done due to the manageable size of the population. The instrument used for data collection was a 17 item questionnaire which was validated by three experts. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha which yielded reliability index of 0.85 indicating that the instrument was suitable for data collection. The questionnaire was distributed by the researcher and three trained research assistants. Out of 397 copies distributed 383 were properly filled and returned representing 96.47 percent return rate. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions and t-test statistics was used to test the null hypotheses. Based on the data analysis, it was found that urbanization affects the quality of teachers in rural schools due to rural urban migration, increases the rate of agricultural teacher‟s turnover in teaching and reduces government attention to agricultural science teaching facilities in urban areas. Recommendations were made among, others that Government should be make teaching of skill acquisition in urban settlement to be attractive to the students and teachers should make instruction facilities to meet the needed skills and contemporary issues in urban settlement to the students.

Promoting Democracy in a Depressed Economy through Business Education for National Security in Enugu State.

2019 ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Emeka Promise u. ◽  
Ohagwu Gold Chiamaka
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
National Security ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Business Education ◽  
Tertiary Institutions ◽  
Business Educators ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Enugu State ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

This study was carried out to determine the measures for promoting democracy in a depressed economy through business education for national security in Enugu State. Two research questions and two null hypotheses were used for the study. The study adopted a survey research design. The population for the study was 41 business educators from four government owned tertiary institutions in Enugu State. There was no sampling since the population was manageable. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers and validated by the experts. The reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach Alpha, which yielded an overall index 0.72. Mean and standard deviation were used in answering research questions while hypotheses were tested using t-test. It was found that governmental measures items promoted democracy through business education for national security. The study also revealed that lecturers‟ measures also promotes democracy through business education for national security. It was recommended that: government should make adequate budgetary provision for business education. Democrats should be involved in business teacher‟s conferences and seminars.

Introduction to ideas of development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Toye
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
Student Demands ◽  
Active Policy

The 2008 financial crisis has sparked student demands to rewrite the economics curriculum, giving more space to economic history and the history of economic thought. This can be done within a survey of the main narratives of socioeconomic development. Pre-18th-century discussions of improvement were narratives of linear social progress, however. Once the moderns triumphed over the ancients, the term ‘development’ became common in English. The alternative ‘civilization’ proved to be too ambiguous and too controversial. The development concept bifurcated into ‘organic and constructive versions’, the first with passive (evolutionary) and the latter with active (policy) implications. All development narratives stem from one or the other of these two strands.

A challenge for historical research: Making data FAIR using a collaborative ontology management environment (OntoME)

Semantic Web ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Francesco Beretta
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Data Modelling ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Fair Principles ◽  
Active Research ◽  
New Research ◽  
High Level ◽  
Conceptual Data ◽  
Ontology Management

This paper addresses the issue of interoperability of data generated by historical research and heritage institutions in order to make them re-usable for new research agendas according to the FAIR principles. After introducing the symogih.org project’s ontology, it proposes a description of the essential aspects of the process of historical knowledge production. It then develops an epistemological and semantic analysis of conceptual data modelling applied to factual historical information, based on the foundational ontologies Constructive Descriptions and Situations and DOLCE, and discusses the reasons for adopting the CIDOC CRM as a core ontology for the field of historical research, but extending it with some relevant, missing high-level classes. Finally, it shows how collaborative data modelling carried out in the ontology management environment OntoME makes it possible to elaborate a communal fine-grained and adaptive ontology of the domain, provided an active research community engages in this process. With this in mind, the Data for history consortium was founded in 2017 and promotes the adoption of a shared conceptualization in the field of historical research.

The role of emigrants in the construction of a destination brand: a new research line

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Fatimazohra El Aouni ◽  
Rosalía Cascón-Pereira ◽  
Ana Beatriz Hernández-Lara
Keyword(s):  
Regional Level ◽  
Destination Branding ◽  
Economic Wealth ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Identity Processes ◽  
Brand Construction ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
New Research ◽  
Destination Brand

Purpose – The main objective of this work consists of proposing a new line of research which consists of exploring the role of emigrants in the construction of their country of origin’s brand. Design and methodology: To justify the need of this new research line we provide arguments by conducting a literature review on destination branding and topics related to migration in tourism. Approach – A proper destination branding may have a bearing on the image of a particular area, attracting visitors, investments, and a greater economic wealth for the region. The relevance of this topic for tourism management explains the interest of research in determining the elements of the brand of touristic destinations and its influence on the tourists’ behaviour. Originality – Scant attention has been paid by the literature on the influence of stakeholders on brand construction at a regional level, and specifically on the influence of emigrant population, that is those people who are living outside their original territories and whose identity might exert an influence on the construction of their country’s brand and attract potential tourists. Findings – This study proposes a conceptual model to understand the role of emigrant population in the construction of their places of origin’s destination brand. This model suggests that social identity processes may affect the way emigrants communicate to locals a brand about their places of origin, contributing therefore to the construction of the brand of their countries.

scholarly journals On route with harbor seals – how their senses contribute to orientation, navigation and foraging

Neuroforum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. A183-A195
Author(s):  
Frederike D. Hanke ◽  
Guido Dehnhardt
Keyword(s):  
Model Organism ◽  
Sensory Systems ◽  
Harbor Seals ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Sea Lions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Senses ◽  
New Research

Summary Summary: Seals and sea lions are well-oriented in their habitat, the coastal regions and oceans, and are, moreover, successful hunters. During their movements between haul-out places and foraging grounds as well as during foraging, the sensory systems of seals and sea lions provide useful information, although the animals, and thus their sensory systems, face considerable challenges in their habitat and due to their amphibious lifestyle. In this review, in the first chapter, we compiled and later (chapter 4) discuss the information on the senses of seals and sea lions in general and their specific adaptations to habitat and lifestyle in particular. We hereby focus on the senses of harbor seals. Harbor seals turned into a model organism regarding the sensory systems due to intensive sensory research of the last decades. In the second and third chapter, the sensory basics are put into the context of orientation, navigation, and foraging. This allows formulating new research questions, such as where and how the information from different senses is integrated.

scholarly journals PERANG BUBAT, REPRESENTASI SEJARAH ABAD 14 DAN RESEPSI SASTRANYA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Yeni Mulyani Supriatin
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Literary Structure ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Difference

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap peristiwa Perang Bubat yang terjadi pada abad ke-14 atau tahun 1357 M dan resepsi sastranya. Masalah yang dibahas adalah bagaimana latar belakang terjadinya Perang Bubat, reaksi, dan tanggapannya. Teori yang digunakan adalah resepsi sastra. Metode untuk pengumpulan data adalah kualitatif dengan menerapkan prinsip resepsi sastra. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa terjadinya Perang Bubat adalah Raja Sunda tidak tunduk pada kehendak Gajah Mada dan Gajah Mada ingin menyatukan Nusantara. Resepsi sastra terhadap Perang Bubat dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 3, yaitu resepsi dari aspek kesejarahannya, resepsi pengaruhnya terhadap penciptaan karya baru, dan resepsi terhadap struktur sastra.  Simpulan penelitian ini adalah peristiwa Bubat diresepsi setelah dua abad berlalu, yaitu pada abad ke-16  dan peristiwa tersebut diresepsi ulang pada abad ke-20-an. Hasil resepsi sastra  dari abad ke-18 sampai dengan abad ke-20 cukup beragam. Keberagaman resepsi itu menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan horizon harapan pembaca.  This study aims to reveal the events of the Bubat War that occurred in the 14th century or the year 1357 AD and literary receptions that emerged after the incident occurred. The issue discussed is how the background of the Bubat War and the reactions and responses to the event through literary receptions. The theory used in analyzing data is literary receptions. The method used for data collection is qualitative by applying the principle of literary receptions. The results of this study illustrate that the background of the Bubat War have two versions and both controversial, the first version because the King of Sunda entourage do not obey to the will of Gajah Mada, on the other hand, the second version is that Gajah Mada tactics in unifying the archipelago while the Kingdom of Sunda is a state that has not been submitted. Literary receptions to the War of Bubat can be grouped into three, they are the reception of its historical aspect, the reception of its influence on the creation of new works, and the reception of the literary structure. The conclusion of this research is  Bubat event was perceived after two centuries passed, in the 16th century and the event was redrawn in the 20th century. Results of literary receptions in the 18th century until the 20th century quite diverse. The diversity of the receptions shows the difference in the horizon of readers' expectations.    

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