scholarly journals Neuropsychological care guidelines for people with spina bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-673
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Queally ◽  
Marcia A. Barnes ◽  
Heidi Castillo ◽  
Jonathan Castillo ◽  
Jack M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile ◽  
Care Guidelines ◽  
Neurocognitive Profiles

While the neuropsychological profile for individuals with Spina Bifida (SB) can vary, often certain patterns of strengths and weaknesses are evident across the lifespan. Understanding variability related to neural structure, genetics, ethnicity, and the environment is key to understanding individual differences in outcomes and can be vital in planning interventions and tracking progress. This article outlines the SB Guideline for the Neuropsychological Care of People with Spina Bifida from the 2018 Spina Bifida Association’s Fourth Edition of the Guidelines for the Care of People with Spina Bifida and acknowledges that further research in SB neurocognitive profiles is warranted.

scholarly journals Mobility guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-627
Author(s):  
Pamela E. Wilson ◽  
Shubhra Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Care Guidelines

The Spina Bifida Association (SBA) is the organization that represents the needs of the population with spina bifida (SB). They are tasked with advocacy, education, optimizing care, and providing a social voice for those with spina bifida. In response to the tenet of optimizing care they were tasked with developing up to date clinical care guidelines which address health care needs for those impacted by spina bifida throughout their lifespan. This article will discuss the SB Mobility Healthcare Guidelines from the 2018 Spina Bifida Association’s Fourth Edition of the Guidelines for the Care of People with Spina Bifida.

scholarly journals Short stature and the effect of human growth hormone: Guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph O’Neil ◽  
John S. Fuqua
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Typical Peers

It is estimated that a significant percentage of individuals with spina bifida (SB) are shorter than their age-matched typical peers. Parents of children with spina bifida may ask if human growth hormone is appropriate for their child. This article discusses short stature and the use of human growth hormone among children with SB. This guideline was developed for SB Healthcare Guidelines from the 2018 Spina Bifida Association’s Fourth Edition of the Guidelines for the Care of People with Spina Bifida.

scholarly journals Amygdalar Function Reflects Common Individual Differences in Emotion and Pain Regulation Success

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina C. Lapate ◽  
Hyejeen Lee ◽  
Tim V. Salomons ◽  
Carien M. van Reekum ◽  
Lawrence L. Greischar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Regulatory Ability ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Appraisal Processes ◽  
Pain Regulation

Although the co-occurrence of negative affect and pain is well recognized, the mechanism underlying their association is unclear. To examine whether a common self-regulatory ability impacts the experience of both emotion and pain, we integrated neuroimaging, behavioral, and physiological measures obtained from three assessments separated by substantial temporal intervals. Our results demonstrated that individual differences in emotion regulation ability, as indexed by an objective measure of emotional state, corrugator electromyography, predicted self-reported success while regulating pain. In both emotion and pain paradigms, the amygdala reflected regulatory success. Notably, we found that greater emotion regulation success was associated with greater change of amygdalar activity following pain regulation. Furthermore, individual differences in degree of amygdalar change following emotion regulation were a strong predictor of pain regulation success, as well as of the degree of amygdalar engagement following pain regulation. These findings suggest that common individual differences in emotion and pain regulatory success are reflected in a neural structure known to contribute to appraisal processes.

scholarly journals Moving Forward with the BAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dino Krupić ◽  
Philip J. Corr
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Sensitivity Theory ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Reinforcement Sensitivity ◽  
Neuropsychological Theory

One of the hottest topics in neuroscience is the study of brain-behavioural circuits underlying the processing of reward-related stimuli. A growing body of studies has shed new light on the neural structure of this reward system. In this paper, we discuss the significance of these studies from the perspective of a neuropsychological theory of personality, namely the Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST). RST assumes that variation in sensitivity/reactivity of the reward system is the cause of individual differences in approach motivation (e.g. desire or need for achievement, persistence, and positive emotionality). Within RST, these individual differences are contained in the construct of the Behavioural Approach System (BAS). However, there is an ongoing debate as regards the nature of the BAS. This fact motivated us to review the latest refinements in the neuroscience of the BAS in the context of the reward system. In this review, we identity four distinctive aspects of the BAS: wanting, incentive motivation, striving and liking. Their behavioural effects are compared with the behavioural manifestations of testosterone, dopamine, serotonin and endogenous opioids, respectively. We conclude that the unidimensional view of the BAS is overly oversimplified; and we suggest that it should be studied as a multidimensional construct and, by implication, so too should the reward system.

scholarly journals Mental health guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-534
Author(s):  
Tessa K. Kritikos ◽  
Kathryn Smith ◽  
Grayson N. Holmbeck
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Maladaptive Behaviors ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Clinical Questions

Spina bifida’s (SB) impact on cognitive, physical, and psychosocial functioning places individuals at risk for mental health concerns. This article discusses the SB Mental Health Guidelines from the 2018 Spina Bifida Association’s Fourth Edition of the Guidelines for the Care of People with Spina Bifida and reviews evidence-based directions with the intention of helping individuals with SB achieve optimal mental health throughout the lifespan. Guidelines address clinical questions pertaining to the psychosocial impact of SB on mental health and adaptation, domains of mental health that are affected in individuals with SB, areas of resilience, common maladaptive behaviors that may impact people with SB, and resources or practices that are helpful in mitigating mental health issues in this population. Gaps in the research and future directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Nutrition, metabolic syndrome, and obesity: Guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-653
Author(s):  
Amy C. McPherson ◽  
Lorry Chen ◽  
Joseph O’Neil ◽  
Kerri A. Vanderbom
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Weight Management Counseling ◽  
Poor Nutrition

Nutritional challenges and a lack of activity can lead to health problems across the lifespan for people with spina bifida. Children and adults with spina bifida are also at greater risk of being classified as overweight or obese compared to their peers without the condition. Therefore, early recognition of nutrition problems, weight management counseling, and timely referrals for evaluation and management of diet and activity can help those with spina bifida and their families achieve a healthy lifestyle. This article details the development of the Nutrition, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Guidelines, which are part of the 2018 Spina Bifida Association’s Fourth Edition of the Guidelines for the Care of People with Spina Bifida. It discusses the identification and management of poor nutrition and prevention of obesity for children, adolescents, and adults with spina bifida and highlights areas requiring further research.

scholarly journals Prenatal counseling: Guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
Paige Terrien Church ◽  
Heidi Castillo ◽  
Jonathan Castillo ◽  
Anne Berndl ◽  
Timothy Brei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Prenatal Counseling

As the diagnosis of Spina Bifida (SB) is often made prenatally, SB-specific prenatal counseling is needed. It is essential to provide information about medical care and lifelong impact of this diagnosis, treatment options available to women carrying fetuses affected, and resources that will assist in the care of individuals with SB. This article outlines the SB Prenatal Counseling Guidelines from the 2018 Spina Bifida Association’s Fourth Edition of the Guidelines for the Care of People with Spina Bifida and acknowledges that further research in SB prenatal counseling is warranted.

scholarly journals Quality of life: Guidelines for the care of people with spina bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-582
Author(s):  
Kathleen J. Sawin ◽  
Timothy J. Brei ◽  
Amy J. Houtrow
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Quality of Life (QOL) and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) are important concepts across the life span for those with spina bifida (SB). This article discusses the SB Quality of Life Healthcare Guidelines from the 2018 Spina Bifida Association’s Fourth Edition of the Guidelines for the Care of People with Spina Bifida. The focus of these QOL Guidelines was to summarize the evidence and expert opinions on how to mitigate factors that negatively impact QOL/HRQOL or enhance the factors positively related to QOL/HRQOL, the measurement of QOL/HRQOL and the gaps that need to be addressed in future research.

scholarly journals Latex allergy guidelines for people with spina bifida

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
Veronica Meneses ◽  
Sarah Parenti ◽  
Heather Burns ◽  
Richard Adams
Keyword(s):  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Latex Allergy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Care Models

An estimated 85% of individuals with spina bifida (SB) survive into adulthood, warranting SB-specific transition to adult healthcare guidelines to address the diverse and complex medical, adaptive, and social needs particular to this condition. Latex allergy constitutes one important health concern for this population that requires ongoing and life-long evidence-based management. This article discusses management of latex allergy according to the SB Latex Allergy Healthcare Guidelines from the 2018 Spina Bifida Association’s Fourth Edition of the Guidelines for the Care of People with Spina Bifida, reviews current care models in which such latex allergy guidelines can be implemented, and explores further relevant research topics in SB care relative to latex allergy.

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