Neuropsychiatric Burden Is a Predictor of Early Freezing and Motor Progression in Drug-Naïve Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Seong Ho Jeong ◽  
Han Soo Yoo ◽  
Seok Jong Chung ◽  
Jin Ho Jung ◽  
Yang Hyun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Linear Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Drug Naïve

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are the most common non-motor symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective: To investigate the association between the burden of NPS and motor prognosis in patients with PD. Methods: We enrolled 329 drug-naïve patients with PD, who was non-demented and followed-up≥2 years after their first visit to the clinic with baseline dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging and neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) scores. We performed a survival analysis and a linear mixed model analysis to assess longitudinal motor outcomes according to the NPI total score. Results: The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no difference in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and wearing-off according to the NPI total score. However, higher burden of NPI total score was associated with earlier freezing of gait (FOG) development in the time-dependent Cox regression models after adjusting for age at symptom onset, sex, disease duration, Unified PD Rating Scale motor score, baseline Mini-Mental State Examination score, DAT activity in the posterior putamen and levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD) (Hazard ratio 1.047, p = 0.002). A linear mixed model analysis revealed that patients with a higher NPI total score had a more rapid LEDD increment (NPI×time, p = 0.003). Among 52 patients with PD who eventually developed FOG during the follow-up period, there was a significant correlation between the NPI total score and time with FOG development (γ= –0.472; p = 0.001) after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the severity of NPS is a predictor of early freezing and motor progression in patients with PD.

scholarly journals Parkinson’s disease GWAS-linked Park16 carriers show greater motor progression

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 765-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Deng ◽  
Bin Xiao ◽  
John Carson Allen ◽  
Ebonne Ng ◽  
Jia Nee Foo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Risk Patients

BackgroundData on the long-term motor outcomes of genome-wide association study (GWAS)-linked Parkinson disease (PD) carriers are useful for clinical management.ObjectivesTo characterise the association between GWAS-linked PARK16 gene variant and disease progression in PD over a 9-year time frame.MethodsOver a 9-year period, carriers of PARK16 rs11240572 variant and non-carriers were followed up and evaluated using the modified Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) staging scale and Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part III. A longitudinal, linear mixed model was performed to compare the changes of H&Y staging scale, UPDRS motor score and UPDRS subscores between the two groups.ResultsA total of 156 patients (41 PARK16 carriers and 115 non-carriers) were evaluated and followed up for up to 9 years. Using longitudinal linear mixed model analysis, there was a greater rate of deterioration in the motor function as measured by the UPDRS scores compared with non-carriers after 5 years from the date of diagnosis (p=0.009). In addition, we demonstrated that PARK16 variant carriers had worse gait scores (p=0.043) and greater motor progression than non-carriers after 6 years based on the modified H&Y staging scale (p=0.040).ConclusionsIn a 9-year longitudinal study, we demonstrated that PD PARK16 variant carriers exhibited greater motor progression after 5 years of disease compared with non-carriers, suggesting that GWAS-linked gene variants may influence disease progression over time. Closer monitoring and management of these higher risk patients can facilitate a better quality of life.

Size-related boldness is not altered by stomach flushing in a terrestrial salamander

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Salvidio ◽  
Andrea Costa ◽  
Fabrizio Oneto
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Animal Personality ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Linear Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Trophic Strategy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Animal personality is a relatively neglected field in amphibian research. In this study we assessed the influence of stomach flushing, a non-lethal technique used in amphibian dietary studies, on the boldness behaviour of the cave salamander Speleomantes strinatii. The time of emergence from a shelter located in an unfamiliar environment (a proxy for individual boldness) was measured in 26 cave salamanders before and after stomach flushing, while 14 non-flushed salamanders were tested as controls. Boldness was a repeatable behaviour for salamanders and larger individuals emerged from their shelter more rapidly than smaller ones. Linear mixed model analysis showed that flushing, sex and body condition had no effect on this behaviour. These findings are promising in the framework of the study of salamander personality. In particular, our results will be useful when exploring the relationship between individual trophic strategy and boldness, aggression or exploration behaviours in terrestrial salamanders.

Association between sleep disturbance and nocturnal blood pressure profiles by a linear mixed model analysis: the Nagahama study

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 104-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Matsumoto ◽  
Yasuharu Tabara ◽  
Kimihiko Murase ◽  
Kazuya Setoh ◽  
Takahisa Kawaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Linear Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Nocturnal Blood Pressure ◽  
Pressure Profiles

scholarly journals Investigating the appropriate mode of expressing lysine requirement of fish through non-linear mixed model analysis and multilevel analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katheline Hua
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Analysis ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Linear Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Non Linear

Accurate estimates of lysine requirement are essential to fish feed formulation. However, controversy exists regarding the most appropriate mode to express lysine requirement. In the fish nutrition literature, essential amino acid (AA) requirement has been expressed as a percentage of diet, a percentage of dietary crude protein or a ratio to dietary digestible energy (DE). The controversy lies in the different assumptions regarding the effects of dietary protein and DE on lysine requirement. Non-linear mixed model analysis and multilevel analysis were carried out to investigate whether dietary protein or DE affected lysine requirement of fish. The non-linear mixed model analysis suggests that expressing lysine requirement as a percentage of dietary protein provides a better goodness of fit to the modelling dataset than expressing requirement as a fixed concentration of diet, which in turn is generally better than expressing requirement as a ratio to DE. Results from the multilevel analysis confirm that dietary protein content has a significant effect on lysine requirement, while DE does not. The findings of the present study could contribute to a better understanding of the underlying dietary factors that affect AA requirements of fish. The results of the present study could also be useful for developing nutritional guidelines and feed formulations for fish.

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