Tissue engineering in periodontics- A demystifing review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shivani Sachdeva ◽  
Harish Saluja ◽  
Amit Mani ◽  
M.B. Phadnaik
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
And Function

INTRODUCTION: Novel concept known as tissue engineering is for the betterment of human. The use of much advanced molecular science and cell biology in processing the tissues to regenerate even after the loss of inborn tendency of pluripotent cells to multiply is possible by this new therapy. CONTENT: Periodontal tissue regeneration in both height and function is attributed to a complete recovery of the periodontal structures, that is, the formation of alveolar bone, a new connective attachment through collagen fibers as well as functionally oriented on the newly formed cementum is regeneration. Cell based therapies including tissue regeneration is an alternative approach for the regeneration of tissues damaged by disease or trauma. SUMMARY: Though tissue engineering requires the fundamentals of all the three keys namely genomics, proteomics and biometrics to give the solutions to biological problems appearing in dentistry as well as medical sciences.

scholarly journals Local Injection of Allogeneic Stem Cells from Apical Papilla Enhanced Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Minipig Model of Periodontitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Nannan Han ◽  
Xiuli Zhang ◽  
Haoqing Yang ◽  
Yangyang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Local Injection ◽  
Swine Model ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Clinical Assessments ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Apical Papilla

Background. Discovering suitable seeding cells and simple application technique will be beneficial for MSC-mediated treatment of periodontitis. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) might be the candidate seeding cell for the periodontal tissues regeneration based on their origin and characters. In this research, we investigated the effect of SCAPs on periodontal tissue regeneration in swine by local injection. Methods. We established experimental periodontitis model in miniature pigs and then treated them with SCAPs by local injection. Clinical assessments, computed tomography (CT) scanning, histologic examination, and quantitative measurements were used to evaluate the effect of periodontal tissues regeneration. Results. At 12 weeks after injection, clinical assessments showed that probing depth, gingival recession, and attachment loss values were 5.44±0.77 mm versus 7.33±1.0 mm (p<0.01), 2.33±0.33 mm versus 2.11±0.69 mm (p>0.05), and 7.78±0.84 mm versus 9.44±1.07 mm (p<0.01) in SCAPs group and 0.9% NaCl group, respectively. CT scan results showed a significant increase of 12.86 mm3 alveolar bone regeneration in SCAPs group compared with 0.9% NaCl group. In addition, histopathology results demonstrated remarkable regeneration in SCAPs group, whereas regeneration of periodontal tissue was hardly found in 0.9% NaCl group. Conclusion. Local injection of SCAPs could effectively restore tissue defects brought about by periodontitis in the swine model. Thus, SCAPs, as an easily accessible dental-deriving stem cell, may serve as an alternative application for periodontitis treatment.

scholarly journals Biomaterial technology for tissue engineering applications

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Cell Potential ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Genetically Engineer ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Tissue engineering is a newly emerging biomedical technology and methodology to assist and accelerate the regeneration and repairing of defective and damaged tissues based on the natural healing potentials of patients themselves. For the new therapeutic strategy, it is indispensable to provide cells with a local environment that enhances and regulates their proliferation and differentiation for cell-based tissue regeneration. Biomaterial technology plays an important role in the creation of this cell environment. For example, the biomaterial scaffolds and the drug delivery system (DDS) of biosignalling molecules have been investigated to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of cell potential for tissue regeneration. In addition, the scaffold and DDS technologies contribute to develop the basic research of stem cell biology and medicine as well as obtain a large number of cells with a high quality for cell transplantation therapy. A technology to genetically engineer cells for their functional manipulation is also useful for cell research and therapy. Several examples of tissue engineering applications with the cell scaffold and DDS of growth factors and genes are introduced to emphasize the significance of biomaterial technology in new therapeutic and research fields.

scholarly journals Cell and tissue engineering for liver disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (245) ◽  
pp. 245sr2-245sr2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta N. Bhatia ◽  
Gregory H. Underhill ◽  
Kenneth S. Zaret ◽  
Ira J. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
And Function

Despite the tremendous hurdles presented by the complexity of the liver’s structure and function, advances in liver physiology, stem cell biology and reprogramming, and the engineering of tissues and devices are accelerating the development of cell-based therapies for treating liver disease and liver failure. This State of the Art Review discusses both the near- and long-term prospects for such cell-based therapies and the unique challenges for clinical translation.

scholarly journals Periodontal Ligament Cell Sheets and RGD-Modified Chitosan Improved Regeneration in the Horizontal Periodontal Defect Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Amir ◽  
Yuniarti Soeroso ◽  
Dewi Fatma ◽  
Hari Sunarto ◽  
Benso Sulijaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
Chitosan Scaffold ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine the potential of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells sheet and arginine-glycyl-aspartic acid (RGD)-modified chitosan scaffold for periodontal tissue regeneration in horizontal periodontal defect model. Materials and Methods PDL cell cytotoxicity was tested with 3–[4,5- dimethylthiazol-2yl]–2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Cell migration toward the chitosan-based materials was analyzed with trans-well migration assay. Horizontal periodontal defect model was created in four maxillary and mandibular lateral incisors of Macaque nemestrina. Following periodontal therapy, the sites were transplanted with various regenerative materials: (1) chitosan, (2) RGD-modified chitosan, (3) PDL cell sheet with chitosan, (4) PDL cell sheet with RGD-modified chitosan. The periodontal tissue regeneration was evaluated clinically and radiographically. Gingival crevicular fluids were collected each week to evaluate cementum protein-1 (CEMP-1) expression with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the biopsies were retrieved after 4 weeks for histological and microcomputed tomography evaluation. Statistical Analysis Data was statistically analyzed using GraphPad Prism 6 for MacOS X. Normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk normality test. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the groups. Significance was accepted when p < 0.05. Results Clinical examination revealed more epithelial attachment was formed in the group with PDL cell sheet with RGD-modified chitosan. Similarly, digital subtraction radiography analysis showed higher gray scale, an indication of higher alveolar bone density surrounded the transplanted area, as well as higher CEMP-1 protein expression in this group. The incorporation of RGD peptide to chitosan scaffold in the group with or without PDL cells sheet reduced the distance of cement–enamel junction to the alveolar bone crest; hence, more periodontal tissue formed. Conclusions Horizontal periodontal defect model could be successfully created in M. nemestrina model. Combination of PDL cell sheet and RGD-modified chitosan resulted in the higher potential for periodontal tissue regeneration. The results of this study highlight the PDL cell sheet and RGD-modified chitosan as a promising approach for future clinical use in periodontal regeneration.

scholarly journals Tooth-Supporting Hard Tissue Regeneration Using Biopolymeric Material Fabrication Strategies

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4802
Author(s):  
Min Guk Kim ◽  
Chan Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Mineralized Tissues ◽  
Biomechanical Forces

The mineralized tissues (alveolar bone and cementum) are the major components of periodontal tissues and play a critical role to anchor periodontal ligament (PDL) to tooth-root surfaces. The integrated multiple tissues could generate biological or physiological responses to transmitted biomechanical forces by mastication or occlusion. However, due to periodontitis or traumatic injuries, affect destruction or progressive damage of periodontal hard tissues including PDL could be affected and consequently lead to tooth loss. Conventional tissue engineering approaches have been developed to regenerate or repair periodontium but, engineered periodontal tissue formation is still challenging because there are still limitations to control spatial compartmentalization for individual tissues and provide optimal 3D constructs for tooth-supporting tissue regeneration and maturation. Here, we present the recently developed strategies to induce osteogenesis and cementogenesis by the fabrication of 3D architectures or the chemical modifications of biopolymeric materials. These techniques in tooth-supporting hard tissue engineering are highly promising to promote the periodontal regeneration and advance the interfacial tissue formation for tissue integrations of PDL fibrous connective tissue bundles (alveolar bone-to-PDL or PDL-to-cementum) for functioning restorations of the periodontal complex.

scholarly journals Effect of advanced platelet-rich fibrin applications on periodontal regeneration in infrabony pocket treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Christopher Imantaka Suwondo ◽  
Dahlia Herawati ◽  
Sudibyo Sudibyo
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Platelet Rich Fibrin ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Bone Height

One of the regenerative periodontal treatments for infrabony pocket is open flap debridement (OFD) with the addition of growth factor derived from platelet concentrate. Advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) is a further development of plateletrich fibrin (PRF) with a lower centrifugation speed (1,500 rpm, 14 minutes). The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in periodontal tissue regeneration after the application of A-PRF and PRF in the treatment of infrabony pockets evaluated from probing depth (PD), relative attachment loss (RAL), and alveolar bone height. The samples were taken from 20 infrabony pockets divided into 2 groups: 10 subjects were treated with OFD+A-PRF and OFD+PRF on the remaining subjects. Probing depth (PD) and relative attachment loss (RAL) measurement were performed on days 0, 30, and 90. Bone height measurements were performed using CBCT X-rays on days 0 and 90. The results showed that PD and RAL reduction in the group of OFD+A-PRF was significantly greater than that in the OFD+PRF group. Bone height reduction in both groups showed no difference. The conclusion obtained from this study is A-PRF application enhances periodontal tissue regeneration by generating greater probing depth and relative attachment loss reduction compared toPRF, as well as an increase in bone height similar to in the treatment of infrabony pockets.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal stem cells in the dental tissues: perspectives for tissue regeneration

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Estrela ◽  
Ana Helena Gonçalves de Alencar ◽  
Gregory Thomas Kitten ◽  
Eneida Franco Vencio ◽  
Elisandra Gava
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Dental Stem Cell

In recent years, stem cell research has grown exponentially owing to the recognition that stem cell-based therapies have the potential to improve the life of patients with conditions that range from Alzheimer’s disease to cardiac ischemia and regenerative medicine, like bone or tooth loss. Based on their ability to rescue and/or repair injured tissue and partially restore organ function, multiple types of stem/progenitor cells have been speculated. Growing evidence demonstrates that stem cells are primarily found in niches and that certain tissues contain more stem cells than others. Among these tissues, the dental tissues are considered a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. It is known that these stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. In dentistry, stem cell biology and tissue engineering are of great interest since may provide an innovative for generation of clinical material and/or tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells were demonstrated in dental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental papilla, and dental follicle. These stem cells can be isolated and grown under defined tissue culture conditions, and are potential cells for use in tissue engineering, including, dental tissue, nerves and bone regeneration. More recently, another source of stem cell has been successfully generated from human somatic cells into a pluripotent stage, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), allowing creation of patient- and disease-specific stem cells. Collectively, the multipotency, high proliferation rates, and accessibility make the dental stem cell an attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration. This review describes new findings in the field of dental stem cell research and on their potential use in the tissue regeneration.

Regeneration of Periodontal Tissues in Non-human Primates with rhGDF-5 and Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate

2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1416-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.B. Emerton ◽  
S.J. Drapeau ◽  
H. Prasad ◽  
M. Rohrer ◽  
P. Roffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Regeneration

The application of growth factors has been advocated in support of periodontal regeneration. Recombinant human growth and differentiation factor-5 (rhGDF-5), a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family, has been used to encourage periodontal tissue regeneration. This study evaluated the dose response of rhGDF-5 lyophilized onto beta-tricalcium phosphate (bTCP) granules for periodontal tissue regeneration in a baboon model. Periodontal defects were created bilaterally in 12 baboons by a split-mouth design. Plaque was allowed to accumulate around wire ligatures to create chronic disease. After 2 mos, the ligatures were removed, and a notch was placed at the base of the defect. Two teeth on each side of the mouth were randomly treated with bTCP only, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg rhGDF-5/g bTCP. Animals were sacrificed 5 mos post-treatment, with micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis performed. After 5 mos, analysis showed alveolar bone, cementum, and periodontal ligament formation in all treatment groups, with a dose-dependent increase in rhGDF-5-treated groups. Height of periodontal tissues also increased with the addition of rhGDF-5, and the amount of residual graft material decreased with rhGDF-5 treatment. Therefore, rhGDF-5 delivered on bTCP demonstrated effective regeneration of all 3 tissues critical for periodontal repair.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Therapy: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Mridha Sharma ◽  
Kirandeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Bone Reconstruction ◽  
Important Field

The human body is an intricate system consisting of numerous cells and tissues working in an organized fashion for the sustenance of life and stem cell biology become an important field for the understanding of tissue regeneration and implementation of regenerative medicine. Stem cells have capability of replicating themselves and can be readily available at the time of a planned procedure. Furthermore, it’s been shown that these cells have high potential to serve as resources not for medical therapies and tissue engineering, but also for dental or bone reconstruction. Stem cell research is not merely a science fiction but has rather opened the door for future treatment modalities.

Recent Advances of Useful Cell Sources in the Periodontal Regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Dan Cho ◽  
Kyoung-Hwa Kim ◽  
Hyun-Mo Ryoo ◽  
Yong-Moo Lee ◽  
Young Ku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Therapy Outcomes ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Periodontal Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Sources ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that can result in destruction of the tooth attachment apparatus. Therefore, periodontal tissue regeneration is currently an important focus of research in the field. Approaches using stem cells and reprogrammed cells, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or trans-differentiated cells, represent the cutting edge in periodontal regeneration, and have led to many trials for their clinical application. Objectives and Results: In this review, we consider all available stem cell sources, methods to obtain the cells, their capability to differentiate into the desired cells, and the extent of their utilization in periodontal regeneration. In addition, we introduce the new concepts of using iPSCs and transdifferentiated cells for periodontal regeneration. Finally, we discuss the promise of tissue engineering for improving cell therapy outcomes for periodontal regeneration. Conclusions: Despite their limitations, iPSCs and trans-differentiated cells may be promising cell sources for periodontal tissue regeneration. Further collaborative investigation is required for the effective and safe application of these cells in combination with tissue engineering elements, like scaffolds and biosignals.

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