Improving Detection of Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment with Sex-Specific Cognitive Norms

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Erin E. Sundermann ◽  
Lisa L. Barnes ◽  
Mark W. Bondi ◽  
David A. Bennett ◽  
David P. Salmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Cut Scores ◽  
False Negatives

Background Despite a female advantage in verbal memory, normative data for verbal memory tests used to diagnose Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) often are not sex-adjusted. Objective To determine whether sex-adjusted norms improve aMCI diagnostic accuracy when accuracy was evaluated by progression to AD dementia over time. Methods Non-sex-specific and sex-specific verbal memory test norms were incorporated into Jak/Bondi aMCI criteria and applied to older (age 65–90) non-demented women (N = 1,036) and men (N = 355) from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Using sex-specific aMCI diagnosis as the “true” condition versus non-sex-specific aMCI diagnosis as the “predicted” condition, we identified True Positives, False Positives, True Negatives, and False Negatives and compared AD dementia risk over 10 years among groups. Results Rates of aMCI were higher in men versus women (χ 2 = 15.39, p <  0.001) when determined based on typical diagnostic criteria, but this difference reversed when using sex-specific diagnostic criteria (χ 2 = 8.38, p = 0.004). We identified 8%of women as False Negatives and 12%of men as False Positives. Risk of incident AD dementia in False Positive men was significantly lower than in True Positive men (HR = 0.26, 95%CI = 0.12–0.58, p = 0.001). Risk of incident AD dementia in False Negative women was substantially higher than in True Negative women (HR = 3.11, 95%CI = 2.09–4.63, p <  0.001). Conclusion Results suggest that previous reports of higher aMCI rates in men versus women may be an artifact of non-sex-adjusted norms/cut-scores. Incorporation of sex-specific norms/cut-scores for verbal memory impairment into aMCI diagnostic criteria may improve diagnostic accuracy and avoid diagnostic errors in approximately 20%.

scholarly journals “Missed” Mild Cognitive Impairment: High False-Negative Error Rate Based on Conventional Diagnostic Criteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily C. Edmonds ◽  
Lisa Delano-Wood ◽  
Amy J. Jak ◽  
Douglas R. Galasko ◽  
David P. Salmon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Negative Error ◽  
False Negative Error

scholarly journals Level of Executive Function Influences Verbal Memory in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Predicts Prefrontal and Posterior Cingulate Thickness

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ling Chang ◽  
Mark W. Jacobson ◽  
Christine Fennema-Notestine ◽  
Donald J. Hagler ◽  
Robin G. Jennings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Posterior Cingulate

scholarly journals Distinctive neuropsychological profiles differentiate patients with functional memory disorder from patients with amnestic-mild cognitive impairment

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah J Wakefield ◽  
Daniel J Blackburn ◽  
Kirsty Harkness ◽  
Aijaz Khan ◽  
Markus Reuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Subjective Memory ◽  
Memory Disorder ◽  
Neuropsychological Profile

ObjectivesPatients with functional memory disorder (FMD) report significant memory failures in everyday life. Differentiating these patients from those with memory difficulties due to early stage neurodegenerative conditions is clinically challenging. The current study explored whether distinctive neuropsychological profiles could be established, suitable to differentiate patients with FMD from healthy individuals and those experiencing amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI).MethodsPatients with a clinical diagnosis of FMD were compared with patients with a-MCI, and healthy matched controls on several tests assessing different cognitive functions. Patients with clinically established mood disorders were excluded. Patients with FMD and a-MCI were broadly comparable on the level of their subjective memory complaints as assessed by clinical interview.ResultsThe neuropsychological profile of the FMD patients, although they expressed subjective memory and attention concerns during their clinical interview was distinct from patients with a-MCI on tests of memory [semantic fluency, age of acquisition (AoA) analysis of semantic fluency, verbal and non-verbal memory]. FMD patients did not differ significantly from healthy controls, but their scores on the letter fluency and digit cancellation tasks were not significantly different from those of the a-MCI patients indicating a possible sub-threshold deficit on these tasks.ConclusionWhilst subjective complaints are common within the FMD population, no objective impairment could be detected, even on a sensitive battery of tasks designed to detect subtle deficits caused by an early neurodegenerative brain disease. This study indicates that FMD patients can be successfully differentiated from patients with neurodegenerative memory decline by characterising their neuropsychological profile.

scholarly journals Distinguishing amnestic mild cognitive impairment from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin E Sundermann ◽  
Mark W Bondi ◽  
Laura M Campbell ◽  
Ben Gouaux ◽  
Raeanne C Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Tau Pathology ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Abstract Background Memory impairment occurs in both HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the precursor to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods are needed to distinguish aMCI-associated from HAND-associated impairment in people with HIV (PWH). We developed a neuropsychological method of identifying aMCI in PWH and tested this method by relating AD neuropathology (β-amyloid, phospho-Tau) to aMCI versus HAND classification. Methods Seventy-four HIV+ cases (age: 50−68) from the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium had neurocognitive data within one-year of death and had data on β-amyloid and phospho-Tau pathology in frontal brain tissue. High aMCI risk was defined as impairment (&lt;1.0 SD below normative mean) on two of four delayed recall or recognition outcomes from a verbal and non-verbal memory test (at-least one recognition impairment required). Differences in β-amyloid and phospho-Tau by aMCI and HAND classification were examined. Results High aMCI risk classification was more common in the HAND (69.0%) versus no HAND (37.5%) group. β-amyloid pathology was 4.75 times more likely in the high versus low aMCI risk group. Phospho-Tau pathology did not differ between aMCI groups. Neither neuropathological feature differed by HAND status. Conclusions amnestic mild cognitive impairment criteria that include recognition impairment may help to detect AD-like cognitive/biomarker profiles among PWH.

scholarly journals TMA-93 for Diagnosing Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison With the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Rodrigo-Herrero ◽  
Cristóbal Carnero-Pardo ◽  
Carlota Méndez-Barrio ◽  
Miguel De Miguel-Tristancho ◽  
Eugenia Graciani-Cantisán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Selective Reminding ◽  
Selective Reminding Test ◽  
Normal Controls

Background:TMA-93 examines binding by images, an advantage for the less educated individuals.Aim:To compare the discriminative validity of TMA-93 against the picture version of Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) to distinguish patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) from normal controls (NCs) without excluding less educated individuals.Methods:Design:Phase I diagnostic evaluation study.Participants:A total of 30 patients with aMCI and 30 NCs matched for sociodemographics variables.Statistical Analysis:The diagnostic accuracy for each test was calculated by conducting receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Hanley and McNeil method was used to compare diagnostic accuracy of different tests on the same sample.Results:Up to 41.7% of the sample had less than a first grade of education. Both tests showed excellent diagnostic accuracy. The comparisons did not show significant differences.Conclusions:TMA-93 is so accurate as FCSRT to differentiate aMCI from controls including less educated individuals. The test could be considered as a choice in this sociodemographic context.

scholarly journals Preliminary Validation of the Triana Test: A New Story Recall Test Based on Emotional Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 153331752110259
Author(s):  
Andrea Luque-Tirado ◽  
Silvia Rodrigo-Herrero ◽  
María Bernal Sánchez-Arjona ◽  
Emilio Franco-Macías
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Recall Test ◽  
Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Story Recall ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Selective Reminding Test

Objective: To first validate the diagnostic accuracy of the “Triana Test,” a new story recall test based on emotional material. Method: A phase I study of validation. We included 55 patients with amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and 69 healthy controls, diagnosed according to the “Memory Associative Test of the district of Seine-Saint-Denis” (TMA-93), and matched by age, gender, and educational level. The Triana Test’s diagnostic accuracy was calculated by ROC curve analysis and Spearman correlations estimated its convergent validity with a hippocampal memory test, the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (FCSRT+IR). Results: The “Triana Test” immediate and delayed recalls showed adequate diagnostic accuracy (AUC ≥ 0,74). The delayed free recall showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.86). Correlations with the FCSRT+IR were moderate to strong. Conclusions: The “Triana Test” demonstrated accuracy for discriminating amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment patients from healthy controls and convergent validity with the FCSRT+IR.

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