scholarly journals COVID-19 Case Fatality and Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Jordan L. Schultz ◽  
Georgina M. Aldridge ◽  
Jacob E. Simmering ◽  
Youngcho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate

Previous studies have identified dementia as a risk factor for death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is unclear whether Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 case fatality rate. In a retrospective cohort study, we identified 387,841 COVID-19 patients through TriNetX. After adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, we found that AD patients had higher odds of dying from COVID-19 compared to patients without AD (Odds Ratio: 1.20, 95%confidence interval: 1.09–1.32, p <  0.001). Interestingly, we did not observe increased mortality from COVID-19 among patients with vascular dementia. These data are relevant to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Lethality Did not Change Over Time in Two Italian Provinces

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Flacco ◽  
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci ◽  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Giustino Parruti ◽  
Alfonso Mascitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This retrospective cohort study included all the subjects diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (n = 2493) in 2 Italian provinces. Two hundred fifty-eight persons died, after a median of 14.0 ± 11.0 days. Adjusting for age, gender, and main comorbidities, the ≥28-day case-fatality rate did not decrease from March to April 2020 (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.93; P = .6).

Case fatality rate related to nosocomial and ventilator-associated pneumonia in an ICU: a single-centre retrospective cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Yalçınsoy ◽  
Cuneyt Salturk ◽  
Hurıye Berk Takır ◽  
Semra Batı Kutlu ◽  
Ayşegul Oguz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Single Centre

scholarly journals Case fatality rate and associated factors in patients with 22q11 microdeletion syndrome: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. e005041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela M Repetto ◽  
M Luisa Guzmán ◽  
Iris Delgado ◽  
Hugo Loyola ◽  
Mirta Palomares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Microdeletion Syndrome

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 lethality decreased over time in two Italian Provinces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Flacco ◽  
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci ◽  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Giustino Parruti ◽  
Alfonso Mascitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
List Type ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundSome experts recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 lethality decreased considerably, but no evidence is yet available. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 case-fatality rate decreased with time, adjusting for main potential confounders.Methods and findingsWe included all SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects diagnosed in Ferrara and Pescara provinces, Italy. Information were collected from local registries, clinical charts, and electronic health records. We compared the case-fatality rate of the subjects diagnosed during April and March, 2020. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis and random-effect logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, type II diabetes, major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), cancer and renal disease. The sample included 1946 subjects (mean age 58.8y; 45.7% males). 177 persons deceased, after a mean of 11.7 days of follow-up. From March to April, the case-fatality rate significantly decreased in the total sample (10.8% versus 6.0%; p<0.001), and in any subgroup of patients. Large reductions of the lethality were observed among the elderly (from 30.0% to 13.4%), and subjects with hypertension (23.0% to 12.1%), diabetes (30.3% to 8.4%), CVD (31.5% to 12.1%), COPD (29.7% to 11.4%), and renal disease (32.3% to 11.5%). In April, the adjusted hazard ratio of death was 0.42 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.29-0.60). The mean age of those who died substantially increased from March (77.9±10.8y) to April (86.9±7.7y).ConclusionsIn this sample, SARS-CoV-2 case-fatality rate decreased considerably over time, supporting recent claims of a substantial improvement of SARS-CoV-2 clinical management. The findings are inevitably preliminary and require confirmation.Author summaryWhy was this study done?Some experts recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 lethality decreased considerably, but no evidence is yet available.What did the researchers do and find?We carried out a retrospective cohort study on 1946 SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects from two Italian provinces, evaluating the potential variation of the case-fatality rate over time.From March to April, in both univariate and multivariable analyses, SARS-CoV-2 case-fatality rate significantly and substantially decreased, overall and in any subgroup of subjects.What do these findings mean?The therapies and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects might have substantially improved over time.

scholarly journals An epidemiological investigation of the 2019 suspected pertussis outbreak in northwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110083
Author(s):  
Omoleke Semeeh ◽  
Biniam Getachew ◽  
Yusuf Taofik ◽  
Lukman Surajudeen ◽  
Assad Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases

Introduction: In 2019, we investigated the profile of the cases and controls and the determinants of pertussis transmission in Kebbi State, Northwestern Nigeria, to inform better immunization and surveillance strategies. Methods: Community-based unmatched case–control study and review of the 2019 pertussis routine surveillance data in the affected settlements in the state were conducted. A total of 52 suspected cases of pertussis and 107 control from two local government areas in Kebbi State were recruited. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The highest attack rate was observed among between 1- and 4-year age group followed by children less than 1-year old, and the least attack rate was among those above 15 years. The overall attack rate and the case fatality rate were 2.10% and 0.10%, respectively. A higher attack rate was observed among women, whereas the case fatality rate was more among males. From the community survey, we observed that the cases were less likely to have pertussis vaccination history (adjusted odds ratio = 0.28, 95% confidence interval = 0.11–0.74) compared with the controls. Knowing pertussis prevention methods were found protective for pertussis transmission (adjusted odds ratio = 0.14, 95% confidence interval = 0.04–0.45). Conclusion: This study showed the vulnerability of children under 5 years, especially under 1 year, to vaccine-preventable diseases in rural populations, where “real” immunization coverage is sub-optimal, and the dominant socio-demographic factors are supportive of disease transmission. We found immunization and knowledge of the preventive measures to be protective against pertussis outbreaks. Therefore, routine immunization services must be intensified to improve coverage and prevent future pertussis outbreak(s).

scholarly journals Is psoriasis an independent risk factor of renal disease? A nationwide retrospective cohort study from 1996 to 2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Yu ◽  
Hung-Pin Tu ◽  
Chu-Ling Yu ◽  
Chih-Hung Lee ◽  
Chien-Hui Hong
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Independent Risk Factor

scholarly journals Alzheimer's disease medication and risk of all‐cause mortality and all‐cause hospitalization: A retrospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandipan Bhattacharjee ◽  
Asad E. Patanwala ◽  
Wei‐Hsuan Lo‐Ciganic ◽  
Daniel C. Malone ◽  
Jeannie K. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
All Cause Mortality

scholarly journals Ruxolitinib versus dexamethasone in hospitalized adults with COVID-19: multicenter matched cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Stanevich ◽  
D. S. Fomina ◽  
I. G. Bakulin ◽  
S. I. Galeev ◽  
E. A. Bakin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
High Fever ◽  
Cytokine Therapy ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Matched Cohort Study

Abstract Background Several anti-cytokine therapies were tested in the randomized trials in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19). Previously, dexamethasone demonstrated a reduction of case-fatality rate in hospitalized patients with respiratory failure. In this matched control study we compared dexamethasone to a Janus kinase inhibitor, ruxolitinib. Methods The matched cohort study included 146 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and oxygen support requirement. The control group was selected 1:1 from 1355 dexamethasone-treated patients and was matched by main clinical and laboratory parameters predicting survival. Recruitment period was April 7, 2020 through September 9, 2020. Results Ruxolitinib treatment in the general cohort of patients was associated with case-fatality rate similar to dexamethasone treatment: 9.6% (95% CI [4.6–14.6%]) vs 13.0% (95% CI [7.5–18.5%]) respectively (p = 0.35, OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.31–1.57]). Median time to discharge without oxygen support requirement was also not different between these groups: 13 vs. 11 days (p = 0.13). Subgroup analysis without adjustment for multiple comparisons demonstrated a reduced case-fatality rate in ruxolitnib-treated patients with a high fever (≥ 38.5 °C) (OR 0.33, 95% CI [0.11–1.00]). Except higher incidence of grade 1 thrombocytopenia (37% vs 23%, p = 0.042), ruxolitinib therapy was associated with a better safety profile due to a reduced rate of severe cardiovascular adverse events (6.8% vs 15%, p = 0.025). For 32 patients from ruxolitinib group (21.9%) with ongoing progression of respiratory failure after 72 h of treatment, additional anti-cytokine therapy was prescribed (8–16 mg dexamethasone). Conclusions Ruxolitinib may be an alternative initial anti-cytokine therapy with comparable effectiveness in patients with potential risks of steroid administration. Patients with a high fever (≥ 38.5 °C) at admission may potentially benefit from ruxolitinib administration. Trial registration The Ruxolitinib Managed Access Program (MAP) for Patients Diagnosed With Severe/Very Severe COVID-19 Illness NCT04337359, CINC424A2001M, registered April, 7, 2020. First participant was recruited after registration date

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