scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Lethality Did not Change Over Time in Two Italian Provinces

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Flacco ◽  
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci ◽  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Giustino Parruti ◽  
Alfonso Mascitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This retrospective cohort study included all the subjects diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (n = 2493) in 2 Italian provinces. Two hundred fifty-eight persons died, after a median of 14.0 ± 11.0 days. Adjusting for age, gender, and main comorbidities, the ≥28-day case-fatality rate did not decrease from March to April 2020 (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.93; P = .6).

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 lethality decreased over time in two Italian Provinces

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elena Flacco ◽  
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci ◽  
Francesca Bravi ◽  
Giustino Parruti ◽  
Alfonso Mascitelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
List Type ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Over Time

AbstractBackgroundSome experts recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 lethality decreased considerably, but no evidence is yet available. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate whether SARS-CoV-2 case-fatality rate decreased with time, adjusting for main potential confounders.Methods and findingsWe included all SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects diagnosed in Ferrara and Pescara provinces, Italy. Information were collected from local registries, clinical charts, and electronic health records. We compared the case-fatality rate of the subjects diagnosed during April and March, 2020. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis and random-effect logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, type II diabetes, major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), cancer and renal disease. The sample included 1946 subjects (mean age 58.8y; 45.7% males). 177 persons deceased, after a mean of 11.7 days of follow-up. From March to April, the case-fatality rate significantly decreased in the total sample (10.8% versus 6.0%; p<0.001), and in any subgroup of patients. Large reductions of the lethality were observed among the elderly (from 30.0% to 13.4%), and subjects with hypertension (23.0% to 12.1%), diabetes (30.3% to 8.4%), CVD (31.5% to 12.1%), COPD (29.7% to 11.4%), and renal disease (32.3% to 11.5%). In April, the adjusted hazard ratio of death was 0.42 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.29-0.60). The mean age of those who died substantially increased from March (77.9±10.8y) to April (86.9±7.7y).ConclusionsIn this sample, SARS-CoV-2 case-fatality rate decreased considerably over time, supporting recent claims of a substantial improvement of SARS-CoV-2 clinical management. The findings are inevitably preliminary and require confirmation.Author summaryWhy was this study done?Some experts recently reported that SARS-CoV-2 lethality decreased considerably, but no evidence is yet available.What did the researchers do and find?We carried out a retrospective cohort study on 1946 SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects from two Italian provinces, evaluating the potential variation of the case-fatality rate over time.From March to April, in both univariate and multivariable analyses, SARS-CoV-2 case-fatality rate significantly and substantially decreased, overall and in any subgroup of subjects.What do these findings mean?The therapies and clinical management of SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects might have substantially improved over time.

Case fatality rate related to nosocomial and ventilator-associated pneumonia in an ICU: a single-centre retrospective cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 128 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Yalçınsoy ◽  
Cuneyt Salturk ◽  
Hurıye Berk Takır ◽  
Semra Batı Kutlu ◽  
Ayşegul Oguz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Single Centre

scholarly journals Case fatality rate and associated factors in patients with 22q11 microdeletion syndrome: a retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. e005041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela M Repetto ◽  
M Luisa Guzmán ◽  
Iris Delgado ◽  
Hugo Loyola ◽  
Mirta Palomares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Microdeletion Syndrome

scholarly journals Impact of the inclusion of an aminoglycoside to the initial empirical antibiotic therapy for Gram-negative bloodstream infections in hematological neutropenic patients: a propensity-matched cohort study (AMINOLACTAM study)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Albasanz-Puig ◽  
C Gudiol ◽  
P Puerta-Alcalde ◽  
C. M. Ayaz ◽  
M Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Neutropenic Patients

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the addition of an aminoglycoside to a ß-lactam antibiotic could provide better outcomes than ß-lactam monotherapy for the initial empirical treatment of hematological neutropenic patients with subsequently documented Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) bloodstream infection (BSI). Methods: Multinational, retrospective, cohort study of GNB BSI episodes in hematological neutropenic patients in six centers (2010–2017). Combination therapy (ß-lactam plus aminoglycoside) was compared to ß-lactam monotherapy. The primary endpoint was the case-fatality rate assessed at 7 and 30-days from BSI onset. Secondary endpoints were nephrotoxicity and persistent BSI. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed. Results: Among 542 GNB BSI episodes, 304 (56%) were initially treated with combination therapy, with cefepime plus amikacin being most common (158/304, 52%). Overall, Escherichia coli (273/304, 50.4%) was the main etiological agent, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which predominated in the combination group [76/304 (25%) vs. 28/238 (11.8%); p<0.001]. Multidrug resistance rates were similar between groups [83/294 (28.2%) vs. 63/233 (27%); p=0.95]. In the multivariate analysis combination therapy was associated with lower 7-day case-fatality rate (OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.14-0.91;p=0.035) with a tendency towards lower mortality at 30 days (OR 0.56, 95%CI 0.29–1.08;p=0.084). After PS-matching, these differences remained for the 7-day case-fatality rate (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.13–0.82;p=0.017). In addition, aminoglycoside use was not significantly associated with renal function impairment (OR 1.12, 95%CI 0.26–4.87;p=0.9). Conclusions: The addition of an aminoglycoside to the initial empirical therapy regimen for febrile neutropenic hematological patients should be considered.

scholarly journals Comparison of 30-day case-fatality rate between dialysis and transplant Covid-19 patients: a propensity score matched cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tainá Veras de Sandes-Freitas ◽  
Luís Gustavo Modelli de Andrade ◽  
Lucio Roberto Requião Moura ◽  
Marina Pontello Cristelli ◽  
José Osmar Medina-Pestana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Matched Cohort ◽  
Day Case ◽  
Matched Cohort Study

scholarly journals Trends and predictors of in-hospital mortality among babies with hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: A retrospective cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250633
Author(s):  
Beatrice Nkolika Ezenwa ◽  
Gbenga Olorunfemi ◽  
Iretiola Fajolu ◽  
Toyin Adeniyi ◽  
Khadijah Oleolo-Ayodeji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Neonatal Unit ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Female Ratio

Background Globally, approximately 9 million neonates develop perinatal asphyxia annually of which about 1.2 million die. Majority of the morbidity and mortality occur in Low and middle-income countries. However, little is known about the current trend in incidence, and the factors affecting mortality from hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), in Nigeria. Objective We assessed the trends in incidence and fatality rates and evaluated the predictors of mortality among babies admitted with HIE over five years at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Methods A temporal trend analysis and retrospective cohort study of HIE affected babies admitted to the neonatal unit of a Nigerian Teaching Hospital was conducted. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the babies and their mothers were extracted from the neonatal unit records. Kaplan-Meir plots and Multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratio was used to evaluate the survival experienced using Stata version 16 (StataCorp USA) statistical software. Results The median age of the newborns at admission was 26.5 (10–53.5) hours and the male to female ratio was 2.1:1. About one-fifth (20.8%) and nearly half (47.8%) were admitted within 6 hours and 24 hours of life respectively, while majority (84%) of the infants were out-born. The prevalence and fatality rate of HIE in our study was 7.1% and 25.3% respectively. The annual incidence of HIE among the hospital admissions declined by 1.4% per annum while the annual fatality rate increased by 10.3% per annum from 2015 to 2019. About 15.7% died within 24 hours of admission. The hazard of death was related to the severity of HIE (p = 0.001), antenatal booking status of the mother (p = 0.01) and place of delivery (p = 0.03). Conclusion The case fatality rate of HIE is high and increasing at our centre and mainly driven by the pattern of admission of HIE cases among outborn babies. Thus, community level interventions including skilled birth attendants at delivery, newborn resuscitation trainings for healthcare personnel and capacity building for specialized care should be intensified to reduce the burden of HIE.

scholarly journals Time trends in 30 day case-fatality following hospitalisation for asthma in adults in Scotland: A retrospective cohort study from 1981 to 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 107 (8) ◽  
pp. 1172-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola J. Roberts ◽  
James D. Lewsey ◽  
Michelle Gillies ◽  
Andrew H. Briggs ◽  
Vasily Belozeroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Day Case

scholarly journals COVID-19 Case Fatality and Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Jordan L. Schultz ◽  
Georgina M. Aldridge ◽  
Jacob E. Simmering ◽  
Youngcho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate

Previous studies have identified dementia as a risk factor for death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is unclear whether Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an independent risk factor for COVID-19 case fatality rate. In a retrospective cohort study, we identified 387,841 COVID-19 patients through TriNetX. After adjusting for demographics and comorbidities, we found that AD patients had higher odds of dying from COVID-19 compared to patients without AD (Odds Ratio: 1.20, 95%confidence interval: 1.09–1.32, p <  0.001). Interestingly, we did not observe increased mortality from COVID-19 among patients with vascular dementia. These data are relevant to the evolving COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Reinfection Rates Among Patients Who Previously Tested Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M Sheehan ◽  
Anita J Reddy ◽  
Michael B Rothberg
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Symptomatic Infection ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Prior Infection ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Protection afforded from prior disease among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is unknown. If infection provides substantial long-lasting immunity, it may be appropriate to reconsider vaccination distribution. Methods This retrospective cohort study of 1 health system included 150 325 patients tested for COVID-19 infection via polymerase chain reaction from 12 March 2020 to 30 August 2020. Testing performed up to 24 February 2021 in these patients was included. The main outcome was reinfection, defined as infection ≥90 days after initial testing. Secondary outcomes were symptomatic infection and protection of prior infection against reinfection. Results Of 150 325 patients, 8845 (5.9%) tested positive and 141 480 (94.1%) tested negative before 30 August. A total of 1278 (14.4%) positive patients were retested after 90 days, and 62 had possible reinfection. Of those, 31 (50%) were symptomatic. Of those with initial negative testing, 5449 (3.9%) were subsequently positive and 3191 of those (58.5%) were symptomatic. Protection offered from prior infection was 81.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.6–85.8) and against symptomatic infection was 84.5% (95% CI, 77.9–89.1). This protection increased over time. Conclusions Prior infection in patients with COVID-19 was highly protective against reinfection and symptomatic disease. This protection increased over time, suggesting that viral shedding or ongoing immune response may persist beyond 90 days and may not represent true reinfection. As vaccine supply is limited, patients with known history of COVID-19 could delay early vaccination to allow for the most vulnerable to access the vaccine and slow transmission.

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