Acute Exercise and Cognitive Function in Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ines Ben Ayed ◽  
Naomie Castor-Guyonvarch ◽  
Souad Amimour ◽  
Salma Naija ◽  
Chirine Aouichaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Tower Of Hanoi ◽  
The Impact

Background: Many studies have shown the impact of acute aerobic exercises (AAE) on cognition in healthy adults or at a pre-dementia stage. Few studies, however, have explored the positive effects of AAE in moderate Alzheimer’s disease (ADM) patients. Objective: Evaluating the effect of AAE on cognitive functions in ADM patients. Methods: Overall, 79 (age: 69.62±0.99) ADM patients were recruited. Participants were divided into three groups according to the task: aerobic exercises done alone or combined with cognitive games presented on a screen, and a control group who performed a reading task. The aerobic exercise protocol consisted of a 20-min cycling exercise of moderate intensity, corresponding to 60%of the individual target maximal heart rate recorded in a 6-minute walking test. The participants’ cognition was monitored before and after the intervention using the Tower of Hanoi, Digit Span, and Stroop tasks. Results: After the exercise, the participants’ attention in both the physical and combined groups improved for the Stroop, the forward and backward Digit Span tasks, as well as the time taken to solve the Tower of Hanoi, although no significant differences were found in the number of moves taken in the latter. By contrast, the control group did not show any significant improvement for most of the cognitive tasks after the reading session. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that AAE may help to improve cognitive functions in ADM patients. This improvement is enhanced when the exercise is combined with cognitive games. Safe and progressive types of exercises should be promoted among ADM patients.

TREATMENT EFFECTS OF VORTIOXETINE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN MILD ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: A 12 MONTH, OPEN-LABEL, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cumbo ◽  
S. Cumbo ◽  
S. Torregrossa ◽  
D. Migliore
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Study Setting

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES:depressive symptoms are common in Alzheimer’s disease(AD). Aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of vortioxetine compared with other conventional antidepressants on cognitive functions in AD patients with depressive symptoms. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, 12 month, parallel-group study. SETTING: All participants were evaluated on-site at Neurodegenerative Disorders Unit, ASP2 Caltanissetta(Italy). PARTICIPANTS: 108(71 female, 37 male) AD patients with depression(mean age 76.7± 4.3). INTERVENTION: Randomized subjects received vortioxetine, 15 mg/day(n=36) or other common antidepressants(n=72). MEASURES:primary outcome was change from baseline in the MMSE; secondary outcomes were change in Attentive Matrices, Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices, Digit Span, HAM-D and Cornell scale. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvement vs. controls was observed for vortioxetine on most of the cognitive tests and showed significantly baseline-to-endpoint reduction in both HAM-D and Cornell total scores.The most commonly reported adverse events were nausea and headache for votioxetine; nausea in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Vortioxetine had a beneficial effect on cognition and mood in elderly AD patients and was safe and well tolerated.

scholarly journals Effect of cortisol levels on working memory performance in elderly subjects with Alzheimer's disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (3b) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Nery de Souza-Talarico ◽  
Paulo Caramelli ◽  
Ricardo Nitrini ◽  
Eliane Corrêa Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Cortisol Levels

BACKGROUND: Subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have elevated cortisol levels as a result of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction. Acute administration of hydrocortisone has been associated with working memory (WM) performance in young adults. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether cortisol levels are associated with WM performance in subjects with AD. METHOD: Eighty subjects were included, comprising 40 patients with mild AD and 40 healthy elderly controls. WM was assessed using the Digit Span Backward test (DSB). Saliva samples were collected to determine cortisol levels. RESULTS: AD subjects had poorer performance on the DSB than controls (p=0.002) and also presented higher levels of cortisol than control group (p=0.04). No significant correlation was observed between the DSB and cortisol levels in both groups (r= -0.29). CONCLUSION: In this study, elevated cortisol levels were not associated with poorer WM performance in patients with AD or in healthy elderly subjects.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of CBTAC Protocol on Burdens of Alzheimer’s Disease on Caregivers and their Sense of Coherence

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Reza Shabahang ◽  
Seyed Javad Emadi ◽  
Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe ◽  
Abbas Ali Hossien Khanzadeh ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Effective Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is predicted to increase dramatically in the near future. Alzheimer’s caregiving brings about severe problems for caregivers. Considering the corrosive consequences of Alzheimer’s disease on Alzheimer’s caregivers, finding an effective intervention is necessary. Thus, the present research conducted by the aim of investigating the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment for Alzheimer’s disease patients and their caregiver’s protocol on burdens of Alzheimer’s disease on caregivers and their sense of coherence (SOC). Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest control group design. The target population included all mild Alzheimer’s disease patients and their caregivers referred to the neurology ward of the hospitals in Rasht during summer 2018. According to the medical records and results of screening, 40 mild Alzheimer’s disease, patients and their caregivers recruited by convenience sampling method. After sampling, research participants randomly assigned into two experimental (n= 20) and waitlist control (n=20) groups. The Impact of Alzheimer’s Disease on Caregiver Questionnaire and SOC scale were used to measure the burdens of Alzheimer’s disease on caregivers and caregivers’ SOC. The CBTAC provided for the experimental group participants in 25 sessions of 90-minutes. In the end, the data analyze has done by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and using SPSS24 software. Results: The findings indicated that the CBTAC had a significant effect on the burdens and SOC of Alzheimer’s caregivers in the experimental group (P<0.01). In other words, the CBTAC decreases burdens and increase the SOC of Alzheimer’s caregivers significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion: Based on the research results, the CBTAC is an effective intervention in decreasing caregiving burden and the increasing SOC of Alzheimer’s caregivers. Therefore, CBTAC is a multicomponent intervention that can be used to improve the competency and mental health of Alzheimer’s caregivers.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UNSATURATED INDICATORS FATTY ACIDS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS IN INITIAL STAGES OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND VASCULAR DEMENTIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Е. Е. Дубинина ◽  
Л. В. Щедрина ◽  
К. В. Ющин ◽  
Е. В. Светкина ◽  
Н. М. Залуцкая ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vascular Dementia ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3

Снижение когнитивных функций вплоть до развития деменции у пожилых людей связывают с уменьшением в крови уровня полиненасыщенных жирных кислот, особенно Омега-3, которое происходит на фоне окислительного стресса. В работе представлен сравнительный анализ спектра полиненасыщенных жирных кислот и активности отдельных компонентов ферментативной антиоксидантной системы в крови у лиц пожилого возраста с нарушением показателей когнитивного функционирования до уровня «мягкое когнитивное снижение» первично-атрофической (MCI БА, продромальная болезнь Альцгеймера) или васкулярной этиологии (MCI СД, продромальная сосудистая деменция) по сравнению с пожилыми людьми без признаков нарушений когнитивных функций. Выявлено снижение концентрации Омега-3 полиненасыщенных жирных кислот в крови обеих групп обследованных больных по сравнению с контрольной группой. У пациентов с MCI БА обнаружено резкое снижение концентрации арахидоновой кислоты (Омега-6) по сравнению с больными MCI СД и контрольной группой. Выявленное нами снижение активности антиоксидантной ферментативной системы и снижение полиненасыщенных жирных кислот за счет их пероксидации свидетельствует об интенсификации процессов окислительного стресса у пациентов с нарушением когнитивных функций. Обсуждается вопрос о патогенетической роли арахидоновой кислоты у больных, предрасположенных в будущем к развитию болезни Альцгеймера. A decrease in cognitive functions up to the development of dementia in the elderly is associated with a decrease in the blood level of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3, which occurs against the background of oxidative stress. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the spectrum of polyunsaturated fatty acids and the activity of individual components of the enzymatic antioxidant system in the blood of elderly people with impaired cognitive performance to the level of «mild cognitive decline» (MCI AD, prodromal Alzheimer’s disease) or vascular etiology (MCI VaD, prodromal vascular dementia) compared with older people without signs of cognitive impairment. A decrease in the concentration of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the blood of both groups of the examined patients was revealed compared with the control group. In patients with AD MCI, a sharp decrease in the concentration of arachidonic acid (Omega-6) was detected compared with patients with MCI VaD and the control group. The decrease in the activity of the antioxidant enzymatic system and the decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acids due to their peroxidation revealed in this study indicate an intensification of the OS processes in patients with impaired cognitive functions. The question of the pathogenetic role of arachidonic acid in patients predisposed in the future to the development of AD is discussed.

scholarly journals Genetic markers of decline human cognitive functions in Alzheimer`s disease

2018 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
А.В. Бочарова ◽  
А.В. Марусин ◽  
О.А. Макеева ◽  
И.А. Жукова ◽  
Н.Г. Жукова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Control Design ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Minor Allele ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Polymorphic Variant ◽  
Control Group

Проведено репликативное ассоциативное исследование в дизайне случай-контроль 30 однонуклеотидных полиморфных вариантов генов, показавших высокодостоверную ассоциацию с когнитивными функциями, болезнью Альцгеймера (БА) или шизофренией по данным полногеномных ассоциативных исследований и метаанализам. Была установлена статистически достоверная ассоциация полиморфного варианта rs12922317 гена SNX29 с фенотипом БА, что в других работах не встречалось. Минорный аллель G rs12922317 гена SNX29 достоверно чаще встречался среди больных БА по сравнению с контрольной группой (OR = 1,57, 95% CI 1,14-2,16, p = 0,006). В других работах была показана роль полиморфного маркера rs12922317 гена SNX29 в развитии таких заболеваний, как шизофрения, В-клеточная лимфома яичка и эпителиальная овариальная карцинома. We have held a replication associative study in case-control design of 30 SNPs of genes that showed association with cognitive functions or Alzheimer’s disease or schizophrenia according to the data of GWAS. A statistically significant association of the polymorphic variant rs12922317 of SNX29 gene with the Alzheimer’s disease in the Russian population was established, which was not found in other studies. Minor allele G rs12922317 of SNX29 gene was significantly more frequent among patients with the Alzheimer’s disease compared with control group (OR = 1.57, 95% CI 1.14-2.16, p = 0.006), and according to GWAS this marker was associated with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Biomarkers to Evaluate Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: Old Drugs, New Concerns

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vérane Achard ◽  
Kelly Ceyzériat ◽  
Benjamin B. Tournier ◽  
Giovanni B. Frisoni ◽  
Valentina Garibotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽  
Androgen Deprivation ◽  
Cortical Activation ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Impact

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard treatment for prostate cancer patients, routinely used in the palliative or in the curative setting in association with radiotherapy. Among the systemic long-term side effects of ADT, growing data suggest a potentially increased risk of dementia/Alzheimer’s disease in prostate cancer patients treated with hormonal manipulation. While pre-clinical data suggest that androgen ablation may have neurotoxic effects due to Aβ accumulation and increased tau phosphorylation in small animal brains, clinical studies have measured the impact of ADT on long-term cognitive function, with conflicting results, and studies on biological changes after ADT are still lacking. The aim of this review is to report on the current evidence on the association between the ADT use and the risk of cognitive impairment in prostate cancer patients. We will focus on the contribution of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, namely through imaging, to investigate potential ADT-induced brain modifications. The evidence from these preliminary studies shows brain changes in gray matter volume, cortical activation and metabolism associated with ADT, however with a large variability in biomarker selection, ADT duration and cognitive outcome. Importantly, no study investigated yet biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology, namely amyloid and tau. These preliminary data emphasize the need for larger targeted investigations.

Feasibility and Perception of the Impact From Aerobic Exercise in Older Adults With Alzheimer’s Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Yu ◽  
Ruth M. Swartwood
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
The Impact

Background: The subjective experience of participating in aerobic exercise is unknown in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the subjective perceptions of the feasibility and impact of a 6-month, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise intervention by older adults with AD and their family caregivers. Methods: Ten older adults with AD who completed the intervention and their family caregivers participated in four focus group interviews. Results: Four converging themes were identified: “There was no perceived positive change in cognitive symptoms,” “The 6-month exercise program was socially rewarding,” “The 6-month exercise program increased physical strength,” and “Participation in aerobic exercise was a positive experience.” Family caregivers further identified two additional themes: “The exercise program led to improved attitude in older adults with AD” and “The exercise program reduced caregiver stress.” Discussion: Aerobic exercise is a feasible and well-perceived intervention for older adults with AD and their family caregivers.

scholarly journals The role of physical and cognitive function in performance of activities of daily living in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease – a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederikke K Clemmensen ◽  
Kristine Hoffmann ◽  
Volkert Siersma ◽  
Nanna Sobol ◽  
Nina Beyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Several factors may play a role in the ability of patients with Alzheimer’s disease to perform activities of daily living (ADL). The aim of this study was to examine the impact of different aspects of physical performance and cognitive functions on ADL in patients suffering from mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Methods We conducted secondary analyses on cross-sectional baseline data from the randomized controlled multicentre study “Preserving quality of life, physical health and functional ability in Alzheimer’s Disease: The effect of physical exercise” (ADEX). In total, 185 AD patients (76 women and 109 men), with a mean age on 70,4 years, were included. Data from physical performance tests (Astrand cycle test, Timed up & Go (TUG), Sit to Stand test (STS)) and cognitive tests (Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Stroop Color and Word test (Stroop)) were used. Their associations with ADL, measured on the ADCS-ADL scale was assessed in multivariable regression analyses. Results SDMT and MMSE had significant, moderate correlations with total ADL (SDMT: r = 0.33, MMSE: r = 0.42) and instrumental ADL (SDMT: r = 0.31, MMSE: r = 0.42), but not with basic ADL. Adjusting for age and sex, the associations between SDMT and MMSE to total ADL and instrumental ADL persisted. No significant associations were found between Astrand, TUG, STS or Stroop and total ADL, basic ADL or instrumental ADL. Conclusion Total ADL and instrumental ADL are associated with cognitive functions, including executive function. No significant association between examined physical performance parameters and ADL functions was observed, and consequently does not support an impact of physical function on ADL functions in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease and relatively well-preserved physical function. Strategies aimed to improve cognition may be better suited to improve ADL function in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Trial registration NCT01681602. Registered 10 September 2012, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Relation to APOE Epsilon 4 and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease in the Lithuanian Population

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Pšemeneckienė ◽  
Petrikonis ◽  
Rastenytė
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background and objective: Neuroinflammation is one of the pathological pathways of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mediating the progression of neurodegeneration. Polymorphisms of proinflammatory cytokines have been linked to increased AD risk. Identification of certain combinations of polymorphisms could help predict disease in its preclinical stage. The aim of the study was to evaluate differences in the prevalence of TNFα –850T (rs1799724), IL1A –889T (rs1800587), and IL6 –174C (rs1800795, Intron type) polymorphisms between AD patients and healthy controls (HC) and determine the impact of these SNPs in combination with the APOEε4 allele on AD risk. Materials and Methods: The study population is comprised of 107 patients with sporadic AD (AD group) and age- and gender-matched 110 persons without impaired cognitive functions (control group). TNFα –850C > T polymorphism was revealed by a PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Real time PCR was used for IL1A and IL6 SNP genotyping. APOEε genotyping was done via hybridization method. Results: The frequencies of TNFα –850T, IL1A –889T, IL6 –174C allele and genotype did not differ between the AD and HC groups (p > 0.05). IL6 –174C was not in HWE, and it was not analysed further. APOEε4 allele (p = 0.001) and 3/4 and 4/4 genotypes (p = 0.005) were more prevalent in AD patients. APOEε4 carriage increased the risk of AD (OR 2.65, p = 0.001), while TNFα –850T and IL1A –889T polymorphisms were not found as significant independent risk factors for AD. The presence of at least one IL1A –889T allele in combination with APOEε4+ was associated with a lower risk of AD (OR 2.24, p = 0.047) than the carriage of APOEε4+ alone (OR 2.70, p = 0.015). Conclusions: No significant differences of TNFα –850, IL1A –889, and IL6 –174 polymorphisms frequencies were found between AD and control groups. In APOEε4 carriers IL1A –889T polymorphism was found to reduce the AD risk determined by APOEε4 alone.

scholarly journals Lipid Rafts and Development of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Díaz ◽  
Raquel Marin
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Amyloid Beta Peptides ◽  
Main Component ◽  
And Function ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
Neuronal Physiology ◽  
The Impact

A wealth of evidence accumulated over the last two decades has unambiguously linked lipid rafts to neurodegenerative diseases, in particular to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These microdomains are highly dynamic membrane platforms with differentiated physicochemical and molecular properties compared to the surrounding membrane microenvironment, and are the locus for a number of central processes in neuronal physiology. Most recent evidence pinpoint to lipid rafts as main players in AD neuropathology. It is now widely accepted that lipid rafts actively participate in the processing of amyloid precursor protein to generate amyloid beta peptides, a main component of amyloid plaques. Current evidence have highlighted the existence of severe alterations in the molecular structure and functionality of lipid rafts in the frontal cortex of human brains affected by Alzheimer’s disease. An exceptionally interesting observation is that lipid raft destabilization can be demonstrated even at the earliest stages of AD neuropathology. In the present review, we will first elaborate on the structure and function of these multifaceted subcellular structures and second to focus on the impact of their alterations in neuronal pathophysiology along the onset and progression of AD continuum.

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