scholarly journals Caffeine Protects Against Disruptions of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Animal Models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (s1) ◽  
pp. S127-S141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuesong Chen ◽  
Othman Ghribi ◽  
Jonathan D. Geiger
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases

scholarly journals Flavonoid transport across RBE4 cells: A blood-brain barrier model

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Faria ◽  
Diogo Pestana ◽  
Diana Teixeira ◽  
Joana Azevedo ◽  
Victor Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Model ◽  
Immortalized Cell ◽  
Barrier Model

AbstractThere is a growing interest in dietary therapeutic strategies to combat oxidative stress-induced damage to the Central Nervous System (CNS), which is associated with a number of pathophysiological processes, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and cerebrovascular diseases. Identifying the mechanisms associated with phenolic neuroprotection has been delayed by the lack of information concerning the ability of these compounds to enter the CNS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the transmembrane transport of flavonoids across RBE-4 cells (an immortalized cell line of rat cerebral capillary endothelial cells) and the effect of ethanol on this transport. The detection and quantification of all of the phenolic compounds in the studied samples (basolateral media) was performed using a HPLC-DAD (Diode Array Detector). All of the tested flavonoids (catechin, quercetin and cyanidin-3-glucoside) passed across the RBE-4 cells in a time-dependent manner. This transport was not influenced by the presence of 0.1% ethanol. In conclusion, the tested flavonoids were capable of crossing this blood-brain barrier model.

scholarly journals Effects of Cadmium on ZO-1 Tight Junction Integrity of the Blood Brain Barrier

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca ◽  
Mario Maresca ◽  
Gabriele Morucci ◽  
Tommaso Mello ◽  
Matteo Becatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tight Junction ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant released from the smelting and refining of metals and cigarette smoking. Oral exposure to cadmium may result in adverse effects on a number of tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, its toxicity has been related to neurological disorders, as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Under normal conditions, Cd barely reaches the brain in adults because of the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB); however, it has been demonstrated that Cd-dependent BBB alteration contributes to pathogenesis of neurodegeneration. However, the mechanism underlying Cd-dependent BBB alteration remain obscure. Here, we investigated the signaling pathway of Cd-induced tight junction (TJ), F-actin, and vimentin protein disassembly in a rat brain endothelial cell line (RBE4). RBE4 cells treated with 10 μM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) showed a dose- and time-dependent significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This phenomenon was coincident with the alteration of the TJ zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), F-actin, and vimentin proteins. The Cd-dependent ROS increase elicited the upregulation of GRP78 expression levels, a chaperone involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that induces caspase-3 activation. Further signal profiling by the pannexin-1 (PANX1) specific inhibitor 10Panx revealed a PANX1-independent increase in ATP spillage in Cd-treated endothelial cells. Our results point out that a ROS-dependent ER stress-mediated signaling pathway involving caspase-3 activation and ATP release is behind the BBB morphological alterations induced by Cd.

Area Postrema: A Unique Regulator of Cardiovascular Function

Physiology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
JL Williams ◽  
KL Barnes ◽  
KB Brosnihan ◽  
CM Ferrario
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Circumventricular Organ ◽  
Hemorrhage Control ◽  
Blood Brain

The area postrema, which does not have a blood-brain barrier, can sense changes in levels of blood-borne hormones. This circumventricular organ plays an important role in animal models of hypertension, recovery from hemorrhage, control of baroreflexes, and homeostasis of water and ions.

Standing Waves in Small Animal Models Investigating Ultrasound Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meaghan A. O’Reilly ◽  
Yuexi Huang ◽  
Kullervo Hynynen ◽  
Yoichiro Matsumoto ◽  
Lawrence A. Crum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Small Animal Models
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