A Systematic Review of the Association Between Psychological Stress and Dementia Risk in Humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-352
Author(s):  
Kimberley E. Stuart ◽  
Christine Padgett
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Confounding Adjustment

Background: It has been estimated that one third of dementia cases may be preventable through modifiable lifestyle interventions. Epidemiological evidence suggests a link between stressful life events and aging-related cognitive decline and dementia; however, inherent methodological limitations in examining subjective and biological measures of stress separately leads to interpretive constraints. Objective: The aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of the research literature investigating the effect of perceived and biological measures of stress on dementia risk. Methods: A systematic review was conducted of cohort, case-control, longitudinal prospective or retrospective studies examining the association between stress and risk of developing dementia. Studies were identified from a systematic search across major electronic databases from inception to February 2020. Results: Overall, 22 studies were identified including a total of 496,556 participants, approximately 50% were females, with sample sizes ranging from 62–270,977. There was considerable heterogeneity in the definition and measurement of stress. Most of the identified studies reported a significant positive association between stress and dementia risk. Conclusion: Evidenced from the current review is that personality traits linked to increased perceived stress and elevated reported perceived stress, are associated with greater statistical risk for dementia. However, this review highlights that caution must be exhibited in interpreting these findings, as methodological issues with confounding adjustment may mediate these results. Future research should focus on the investigation of stress on dementia risk with a full range of confounding adjustment, and on biological measures of stress.

The Company Prosodic Deficits Keep Following Right Hemisphere Stroke: A Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Sheppard ◽  
Melissa D. Stockbridge ◽  
Lynsey M. Keator ◽  
Laura L. Murray ◽  
Margaret Lehman Blake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Hemispatial Neglect ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Empirical Inquiry ◽  
Communication Deficits ◽  
Right Hemisphere Stroke

Abstract Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to identify the presence and nature of relationships between specific forms of aprosodia (i.e., expressive and receptive emotional and linguistic prosodic deficits) and other cognitive-communication deficits and disorders in individuals with right hemisphere damage (RHD) due to stroke. Methods: One hundred and ninety articles from 1970 to February 2020 investigating receptive and expressive prosody in patients with relatively focal right hemisphere brain damage were identified via database searches. Results: Fourteen articles were identified that met inclusion criteria, passed quality reviews, and included sufficient information about prosody and potential co-occurring deficits. Twelve articles investigated receptive emotional aprosodia, and two articles investigated receptive linguistic aprosodia. Across the included studies, receptive emotional prosody was not systematically associated with hemispatial neglect, but did co-occur with deficits in emotional facial recognition, interpersonal interactions, or emotional semantics. Receptive linguistic processing was reported to co-occur with amusia and hemispatial neglect. No studies were found that investigated the co-occurrence of expressive emotional or linguistic prosodic deficits with other cognitive-communication impairments. Conclusions: This systematic review revealed significant gaps in the research literature regarding the co-occurrence of common right hemisphere disorders with prosodic deficits. More rigorous empirical inquiry is required to identify specific patient profiles based on clusters of deficits associated with right hemisphere stroke. Future research may determine whether the co-occurrences identified are due to shared cognitive-linguistic processes, and may inform the development of evidence-based assessment and treatment recommendations for individuals with cognitive-communication deficits subsequent to RHD.

The Association between Hearing Loss, Postural Control, and Mobility in Older Adults: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 575-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maayan Agmon ◽  
Limor Lavie ◽  
Michail Doumas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Background: Degraded hearing in older adults has been associated with reduced postural control and higher risk of falls. Both hearing loss (HL) and falls have dramatic effects on older persons’ quality of life (QoL). A large body of research explored the comorbidity between the two domains. Purpose: The aim of the current review is to describe the comorbidity between HL and objective measures of postural control, to offer potential mechanisms underlying this relationship, and to discuss the clinical implications of this comorbidity. Data Collection and Analysis: PubMed and Google Scholar were systematically searched for articles published in English up until October 15, 2015, using combinations of the following strings and search words: for hearing: Hearing loss, “Hearing loss,” hearing, presbycusis; for postural control: postural control, gait, postural balance, fall, walking; and for age: elderly, older adults. Results: Of 211 screened articles, 7 were included in the systematic review. A significant, positive association between HL and several objective measures of postural control was found in all seven studies, even after controlling for major covariates. Severity of hearing impairment was connected to higher prevalence of difficulties in walking and falls. Physiological, cognitive, and behavioral processes that may influence auditory system and postural control were suggested as potential explanations for the association between HL and postural control. Conclusions: There is evidence for the independent relationship between HL and objective measures of postural control in the elderly. However, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying this relationship is yet to be elucidated. Concurrent diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of these two modalities may reduce falls and increase QoL in older adults.

scholarly journals Collaboration among Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises as Part of Internationalization: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Luciana Gondim de Almeida Guimarães ◽  
Pierre Blanchet ◽  
Yan Cimon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Collaborative Relationship ◽  
Strategic Option ◽  
Collaborative Processes

This article performs a systematic review of the research literature on the forms of collaboration among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) so that they reach the foreign market, since there is a lack of research focusing on the collaborative relationship between national companies as a strategic option for accessing the foreign market. In addition, we analyzed the articles to conceptually synthesized the elements that make up the business models of these collaborative forms of operating in the foreign market. Likewise, we analyzed real cases of collaborative processes among SMEs for the foreign market and highlight the contributions of governments in promoting actions to support these collaborations. We also show some directions for future research that were pointed out by the articles.

Epidemiology of Depression and Anxiety in Gout: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Howren ◽  
Drew Bowie ◽  
Hyon K. Choi ◽  
Sharan K. Rai ◽  
Mary A. De Vera
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Search Strategy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Epidemiology Of Depression

Objective.To conduct a systematic review of depression and anxiety among patients with gout that specifically evaluates the prevalence, incidence, determinants, and effects of these mental health comorbidities.Methods.We conducted a literature search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, and PsycINFO using indexed terms and key words to identify studies reporting on depression/anxiety in patients with gout. This review included full-text articles published in English that reported on patients with gout, evaluated depression/anxiety using a routinely reported measure, and provided estimates or sufficient data on the prevalence, incidence, determinants, or effects of depression/anxiety. Metaanalyses were conducted using random effects models.Results.Twenty of 901 articles identified through the search strategy met our inclusion criteria. All 20 studies evaluated depression, while only 10 assessed anxiety (50%). Metaanalyses suggest a positive association between mental health disorders and gout, as resultant pooled OR were 1.29 (95% CI 1.07–1.56) for depression and 1.29 (95% CI 0.96–1.73) for anxiety. Findings from four studies reporting on the incidence of depression in patients with gout resulted in a pooled HR of 1.17 (95% CI 1.01–1.36). Significant determinants of depression included number of tophi, frequency of flares, and oligo/polyarticular gout.Conclusion.Our systematic review suggests that depression and anxiety are significantly associated with gout, highlighting the need for future research to focus on the onset of mental disorders after gout diagnosis. We also identify potential targets for intervention.

scholarly journals The Dietary Inflammatory Index and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia in the MCC Spain Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
José Carlos Flores ◽  
Esther Gracia-Lavedan ◽  
Yolanda Benavente ◽  
Pilar Amiano ◽  
Dora Romaguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Inflammatory Index

Chronic inflammation plays a role in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and diet might modulate chronic inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and CLL. A total of 366 CLL cases and 1643 controls of the Spanish multicase-control (MCC) Spain study were included. The inflammatory potential of the diet was assessed using the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DII) based on 30 items from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression models controlling for potential confounders. Overall, a modest, non-statistically significant, positive association was observed between CLL and E-DII scores (OR for a one-unit increase in E-DII: 1.05 (CI 95%: 0.99, 1.12), p-value = 0.09 and by tertiles: ORT2vsT1: 1.20 (CI 95%: 0.90, 1.59); OR T3vsT1: 1.21 (CI 95%: 0.90, 1.62), p trend = 0.21). These results were independent from disease severity (p-het: 0.70), time from diagnosis (p-het: 0.67) and CLL treatment received (p-het: 0.56). No interactions were detected. In conclusion, the consumption of a diet with high pro-inflammatory components was not significantly associated with CLL. Changes towards a more pro-inflammatory dietary pattern in younger generations not included here warrant future research.

scholarly journals The dietary impact of introducing new retailers of fruits and vegetables into a community: results from a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 981-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C Woodruff ◽  
Ilana G Raskind ◽  
Diane M Harris ◽  
Julie A Gazmararian ◽  
Michael Kramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
New Retailers

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the potential dietary impact of the opening of new retailers of healthy foods.DesignSystematic review of the peer-reviewed research literature.SettingReferences published before November 2015 were retrieved from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases using keyword searches.SubjectsThe outcome of the review was change in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults.ResultsOf 3514 references retrieved, ninety-two articles were reviewed in full text, and twenty-three articles representing fifteen studies were included. Studies used post-test only (n 4), repeated cross-sectional (n 4) and repeated measures designs (n 7) to evaluate the dietary impact of supermarket (n 7), farmers’ market (n 4), produce stand (n 2) or mobile market (n 2) openings. Evidence of increased fruit and vegetable consumption was most consistent among adults who began shopping at the new retailer. Three of four repeated measures studies found modest, albeit not always statistically significant, increases in fruit and vegetable consumption (range 0·23–0·54 servings/d) at 6–12 months after baseline. Dietary change among residents of the broader community where the new retailer opened was less consistent.ConclusionsThe methodological quality of studies, including research designs, sampling methods, follow-up intervals and outcome measures, ranged widely. Future research should align methodologically with previous work to facilitate meta-analytic synthesis of results. Opening a new retailer may result in modest short-term increases in fruit and vegetable consumption among adults who choose to shop there, but the potential longer-term dietary impact on customers and its impact on the broader community remain unclear.

scholarly journals How Can Sustainable Agriculture Increase Climate Resilience? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel El Chami ◽  
André Daccache ◽  
Maroun El Moujabber
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Cycle Basis ◽  
Climate Resilience

In the last few decades, a great deal has been written on the use of sustainable agriculture to improve the resilience of ecosystem services to climate change. However, no tangible and systematic evidence exists on how this agriculture would participate in alleviating impacts on vulnerable rural communities. This paper provides a narrative systematic review (SR) integrated with a bibliometric analysis and a concept network analysis to determine how, in this changing climate, sustainable agriculture can increase the resilience of agrosystems. Our search ranged from the date of the first relevant article until the end of 2018. The results generated demonstrated the following: (a) Only single practices and methods have been studied to assess the impacts on single ecosystem services; (b) Soil quality and health are considered a key indicator of sustainable agriculture; (c) Although the assessed practices and methods were shown to improve the biodiversity of agrosystems, which makes them more resilient to extreme climate events, we are still far from developing interdisciplinary and multidimensional agriculture that integrates all management aspects and generates a full range of ecosystem services. In conclusion, this study addressed the following recommendations for the scientific community and policymakers to orient future research strategies and efforts: (a) The integration of all agrosystem services into sustainable management using an ecosystem-based approach on a life-cycle basis using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method; (b) Improving the scientific understanding of traditional knowledge to facilitate greater synergy and further integration; (c) The unification of assessment methods and indicators for the quantification of impacts; (d) The creation of a platform to share, monitor, screen, and approve assessments and evaluations of sustainable agriculture by region.

The zoonotic potential ofMycobacterium aviumssp.paratuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analyses of the evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (15) ◽  
pp. 3135-3157 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. WADDELL ◽  
A. RAJIĆ ◽  
K. D. C. STÄRK ◽  
S. A. McEWEN
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Sampling Frame ◽  
Significant Positive Association

SUMMARYThis systematic review–meta-analysis appraises and summarizes all the available research (128 papers) on the zoonotic potential ofMycobacterium aviumssp.paratuberculosis.The latter has been debated for a century due to pathogenic and clinical similarities between Johne's disease in ruminants and Crohn's disease (108 studies) in humans and recently for involvement in other human diseases; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (2), sarcoidosis (3), diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) (7) and type 2 (3), multiple sclerosis (5) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (2). Meta-analytical results indicated a significant positive association, consistently across different laboratory methods for Crohn's disease [odds ratio (OR) range 4·26–8·44], T1DM (OR range 2·91–9·95) and multiple sclerosis (OR range 6·5–7·99). The latter two and the thyroiditis hypothesis require further investigation to confirm the association. Meta-regression of Crohn's disease studies using DNA detection methods indicated that choice of primers and sampling frame (e.g. general populationvs. hospital-based sample) explained a significant proportion of heterogeneity. Other epidemiological studies demonstrated a lack of association between high-risk occupations and development of Crohn's disease. Due to knowledge gaps in understanding the role ofM. paratuberculosisin the development or progression of human disease, the evidence at present is not strong enough to inform the potential public health impact ofM. paratuberculosisexposure.

Association of Stress with Risk of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Franks ◽  
Lisa Bransby ◽  
Michael M. Saling ◽  
Matthew P. Pase
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Total N ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Although many studies have investigated the association between stress and risk of dementia, findings are inconsistent due to the variation in the measures used to assess stress. Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between psychological stress (including neuroticism, stressful life events, and perceived stress) and the risk of incident dementia and mild cognitive impairment in adults. Methods: PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE were searched to October 2020 for eligible observational, prospective studies. Of the 1,607 studies screened, 26 (24 unique cohorts) were included in the qualitative analysis and 16 (15 unique cohorts) were included in the quantitative analysis. Results: Across studies, higher perceived stress was significantly associated with an increased risk of mild cognitive impairment (Cases/Total N = 207/860: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.38) and all-cause dementia (Cases/Total N = 203/1,882: HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.07–1.95). Exposure to two or more stressful life events (versus none) was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia (Cases/Total N = 3,354/11,597: HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.14–2.60), while one or more stressful life events was not. Higher neuroticism was significantly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease dementia (Cases/Total N = 497/4,771: HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.12), but not all-cause dementia. Conclusion: This review suggests that psychological stress in adulthood is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying these associations.

EFFECT OF NICOTINE ABUSE ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND PERCEIVED STRESS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH COPING SELF EFFICACY AMONG UNIVERSITY GRADUATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-858
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
◽  
Astha Dwivedi ◽  
Anuja Mishra ◽  
Sharmistha Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Nicotine Abuse ◽  
Significant Difference

An interdisciplinary review of the literature portrayed stress as an important cause for nicotine abuse among university students. Independent studies have shown nicotine to contribute perceived stress (PS) and oxidative stress (OS) but its mediation relation with PS and OS remains unclear and inspires active exploration. A prominent study on the relationship of smoking with perceived stress and coping styles in adolescents motivates to study the effect of nicotine abuse (NA) on PS, CSE, and OS indices among young adult university graduates. The study sample included 45 university graduates with 1-3 years of tobacco abuse history and 50 age-matched controls. The respondents were compared for perceived stress scale (PSS) score, coping self-efficacy (CSE) score, erythrocyte malondialdehyde (E_MDA), plasma MDA (P_MDA), erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (E_SOD), and plasma catalase (P_CAT). The study found NA increased the PS but not the CSE. Linear regression analysis showed a strong inverse relation between the PSS Score and CSE Score in the controls. Among the biochemical indices of OS, only P_MDA showed a significant difference between the groups. Multiple regressions showed a significant positive association of E_MDA with PSS Score and a significant negative association of E_SOD with PSS Score across the groups. Further, the mediation model is used to show a significant relationship between NA and PSS Score by Combined MDA (C_MDA). The result of study suggested that nicotine increases PS and reduces CSE. P_MDA is an important biochemical marker of nicotine abuse. E_MDA and E_SOD are important predictors of PS. These findings are important for psychobiochemical interventions in the management of NA. Therefore, this study encourages an interdisciplinary discourse on nicotine abuse with psychological and biochemical measures.

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