scholarly journals Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin Increase Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: A Brain Imaging Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tao ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Weilin Liu ◽  
Jia Huang ◽  
Xiehua Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Imaging Study

scholarly journals Tai Chi Chuan vs General Aerobic Exercise in Brain Plasticity: A Multimodal MRI Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Cui ◽  
HengChan Yin ◽  
ShaoJun Lyu ◽  
QiQi Shen ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tai Chi Chuan ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Left Middle

AbstractThis study contrasted the impact of Tai Chi Chuan and general aerobic exercise on brain plasticity in terms of an increased grey matter volume and functional connectivity during structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI), explored the advantages of Tai Chi Chuan in improving brain structure and function. Thirty-six college students were grouped into Tai Chi Chuan (Bafa Wubu of Tai Chi), general aerobic exercise (brisk walking) and control groups. Individuals were assessed with a sMRI and rs-fMRI scan before and after an 8-week training period. The VBM toolbox was used to conduct grey matter volume analyses. The CONN toolbox was used to conduct several seed-to-voxel functional connectivity analyses. We can conclude that compared with general aerobic exercise, eight weeks of Tai Chi Chuan exercise has a stronger effect on brain plasticity, which is embodied in the increase of grey matter volume in left middle occipital gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus and the enhancement of functional connectivity between the left middle frontal gyrus and left superior parietal lobule. These findings demonstrate the potential and advantages of Tai Chi Chuan exercises in eliciting brain plasticity.

scholarly journals Morphometric network differences in ageing versus Alzheimer’s disease dementia

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 635-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Pichet Binette ◽  
Julie Gonneaud ◽  
Jacob W Vogel ◽  
Renaud La Joie ◽  
Pedro Rosa-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
Brain Pattern ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Age being the main risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease, it is particularly challenging to disentangle structural changes related to normal brain ageing from those specific to Alzheimer’s disease. Most studies aiming to make this distinction focused on older adults only and on a priori anatomical regions. Drawing on a large, multi-cohort dataset ranging from young adults (n = 468; age range 18–35 years), to older adults with intact cognition (n = 431; age range 55–90 years) and with Alzheimer’s disease (n = 50 with late mild cognitive impairment and 71 with Alzheimer’s dementia, age range 56–88 years), we investigated grey matter organization and volume differences in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Using independent component analysis on all participants’ structural MRI, we first derived morphometric networks and extracted grey matter volume in each network. We also derived a measure of whole-brain grey matter pattern organization by correlating grey matter volume in all networks across all participants from the same cohort. We used logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristic analyses to evaluate how well grey matter volume in each network and whole-brain pattern could discriminate between ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Because increased heterogeneity is often reported as one of the main features characterizing brain ageing, we also evaluated interindividual heterogeneity within morphometric networks and across the whole-brain organization in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, to investigate the clinical validity of the different grey matter features, we evaluated whether grey matter volume or whole-brain pattern was related to clinical progression in cognitively normal older adults. Ageing and Alzheimer’s disease contributed additive effects on grey matter volume in nearly all networks, except frontal lobe networks, where differences in grey matter were more specific to ageing. While no networks specifically discriminated Alzheimer’s disease from ageing, heterogeneity in grey matter volumes across morphometric networks and in the whole-brain grey matter pattern characterized individuals with cognitive impairments. Preservation of the whole-brain grey matter pattern was also related to lower risk of developing cognitive impairment, more so than grey matter volume. These results suggest both ageing and Alzheimer’s disease involve widespread atrophy, but that the clinical expression of Alzheimer’s disease is uniquely associated with disruption of morphometric organization.

scholarly journals Motor learning decline with age is related to differences in the explicit memory system

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noham Wolpe ◽  
James N. Ingram ◽  
Kamen A. Tsvetanov ◽  
Richard N. Henson ◽  
Rogier A. Kievit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Explicit Memory ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Motor Adaptation ◽  
Memory System ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

ABSTRACTThe ability to adapt one’s movements to changes in the environment is fundamental in everyday life, but this ability changes across the lifespan. Although often regarded as an ‘implicit’ process, recent research has also linked motor adaptation with ‘explicit’ learning processes. To understand how these processes contribute to differences in motor adaptation with age, we combined a visuomotor learning paradigm with cognitive tasks that measure implicit and explicit processes, and structural brain imaging. In a large population-based cohort from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (n=322, aged 18-89 years) we first confirmed that the degree of adaptation to an angular perturbation of visual feedback declined with age. There were no associations between adaptation and sensory attenuation, which has been previously hypothesised to contribute to implicit motor learning. However, interactions between age and scores on two independent memory tasks showed that explicit memory performance was a progressively stronger determinant of motor learning with age. Similarly, interactions between age and grey matter volume in the medial temporal lobe, amygdala and hippocampus showed that grey matter volume in these regions became a stronger determinant of adaptation in older adults. The convergent behavioural and structural imaging results suggest that age-related differences in the explicit memory system is a contributor to the decline in motor adaptation in older age. These results may reflect the more general compensatory reliance on cognitive strategies to maintain motor performance with age.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe central nervous system has a remarkable capacity to learn new motor skills and adapt to new environmental dynamics. This capacity is impaired with age, and in many brain disorders. We find that explicit memory performance and its associated medial temporal brain regions deteriorate with age, but the association between this brain system and individual differences in motor learning becomes stronger in older adults. We propose that these results reflect an increased reliance on cognition in order to maintain adaptive motor skill performance. This difference in learning strategy has implications for interventions to improve motor skills in older adults.

scholarly journals Antemortem volume loss mirrors TDP-43 staging in older adults with non-frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Brain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (11) ◽  
pp. 3621-3635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Bejanin ◽  
Melissa E Murray ◽  
Peter Martin ◽  
Hugo Botha ◽  
Nirubol Tosakulwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Loss ◽  
Independent Contribution ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Shed Light

The specific effect of TDP-43 pathology on grey matter volume in individuals without frontotemporal lobar degeneration is unclear. Bejanin et al. reveal a major and independent contribution of TDP-43 to neurodegeneration and shed light on the regional distribution of TDP-43-related atrophy in older adults.

scholarly journals Higher VO2max is associated with thicker cortex and lower grey matter blood flow in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaia Olivo ◽  
Jonna Nilsson ◽  
Benjamín Garzón ◽  
Alexander Lebedev ◽  
Anders Wåhlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Impact

AbstractVO2max (maximal oxygen consumption), a validated measure of aerobic fitness, has been associated with better cerebral artery compliance and measures of brain morphology, such as higher cortical thickness (CT) in frontal, temporal and cingular cortices, and larger grey matter volume (GMV) of the middle temporal gyrus, hippocampus, orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate cortex. Single sessions of physical exercise can promptly enhance cognitive performance and brain activity during executive tasks. However, the immediate effects of exercise on macro-scale properties of the brain’s grey matter remain unclear. We investigated the impact of one session of moderate-intensity physical exercise, compared with rest, on grey matter volume, cortical thickness, working memory performance, and task-related brain activity in older adults. Cross-sectional associations between brain measures and VO2max were also tested. Exercise did not induce statistically significant changes in brain activity, grey matter volume, or cortical thickness. Cardiovascular fitness, measured by VO2max, was associated with lower grey matter blood flow in the left hippocampus and thicker cortex in the left superior temporal gyrus. Cortical thickness was reduced at post-test independent of exercise/rest. Our findings support that (1) fitter individuals may need lower grey matter blood flow to meet metabolic oxygen demand, and (2) have thicker cortex.

[P2-573]: EFFECTS OF AEROBIC EXERCISE ON BRAIN METABOLISM AND GREY MATTER VOLUME IN OLDER ADULTS: RESULTS OF THE SMART TRIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (7S_Part_17) ◽  
pp. P866-P866
Author(s):  
Silke Matura ◽  
Valentina A. Tesky ◽  
Ulrich Pilatus ◽  
Elke Hattingen ◽  
Johannes Fleckenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Brain Metabolism ◽  
Grey Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume
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