Aging as a Precipitating Factor in Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Tau Aggregation Pathology, and the Protective Effects of Rosmarinic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 829-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Shan ◽  
Dan-Dan Wang ◽  
Yu-Xia Xu ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
Lan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chronic Restraint Stress ◽  
Tau Aggregation ◽  
Precipitating Factor

Protective effects of S-allyl cysteine on behavioral, morphological and biochemical alterations in rats subjected to chronic restraint stress: Antioxidant and anxiolytic effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Becerril-Chávez ◽  
Ana Laura Colín-González ◽  
Juana Villeda-Hernández ◽  
Sonia Galván-Arzate ◽  
Anahí Chavarría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chronic Restraint Stress ◽  
Biochemical Alterations

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Carvacrol against Oxidative Stress Induced by Chronic Stress in Rat’s Brain, Liver, and Kidney

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Tahereh Farkhondeh ◽  
Fariborz Samini ◽  
Abasalt Borji
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chronic Restraint Stress ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
The Brain

Restraint stress may be associated with elevated free radicals, and thus, chronic exposure to oxidative stress may cause tissue damage. Several studies have reported that carvacrol (CAR) has a protective effect against oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of CAR on restraint stress induced oxidative stress damage in the brain, liver, and kidney. For chronic restraint stress, rats were kept in the restrainers for 6 h every day, for 21 consecutive days. The animals received systemic administrations of CAR daily for 21 days. To evaluate the changes of the oxidative stress parameters following restraint stress, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT) activities were measured in the brain, liver, and kidney. In the stressed animals that received vehicle, the MDA level was significantly higher (P<0.001) and the levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes were significantly lower than the nonstressed animals (P<0.001). CAR ameliorated the changes in the stressed animals as compared with the control group (P<0.001). This study indicates that CAR can prevent restraint stress induced oxidative damage.

Protective Effects of Crocetin on Depression-like Behavior Induced by Immobilization in Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Farkhondeh ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Fariborz Samini ◽  
Ali Rajabpour Sanati
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chronic Restraint Stress ◽  
Stress Group ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
The Brain

Background & Objective: Crocetin, an active ingredient of saffron, has been recognized as a potent antioxidant. Plant extracts or their components may be useful in ameliorating the various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. This study investigated the effects of crocetin on oxidative damage induced by chronic restraint stress in the rat brain. For this reason, rats were kept in the restrainers for 1 hour every day, for 21 consecutive days. The animals were injected crocetin (20, 40, 60 mg/kg) or vehicle daily for 21 days. Findings showed that the immobility time significantly increased in the rodents subjected to the chronic stress compared with the normal group. However, the number of crossing beams in the rats submitted to the chronic stress significantly decreased versus the non-stress rats. Treatment with crocetin ameliorated the immobility time and the number of crossing in the chronic restraint stress rats versus the non-treated stress group. Crocetin also reverted the levels of MDA and GSH and also the activities of antioxidant enzymes to the normal levels in the stress groups. Conclusion: The present study suggests that crocetin may be useful for the management of depressantlike effects induced by chronic stress through decreasing oxidative damage in the brain.

scholarly journals Chronic restraint stress impairs cognition via modulating HDAC2 expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-163
Author(s):  
Jie Wu ◽  
Cui Liu ◽  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Bing He ◽  
Wei-Ping Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Glucocorticoid Receptors ◽  
Chronic Restraint Stress ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Synaptic Functions ◽  
Plus Maze

Abstract Background To investigate the effects of chronic restraint stress on cognition and the probable molecular mechanism in mice. Methods In the current work, a restraining tube was used as a way to induce chronic stress in mice. The protein levels were determined with ELISA and western blot. A series of behavior tests, including the Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, open field test, and novel object recognition test, were also performed to examine the anxiety and the ability of learning and memory. Moreover, murine neuroblastoma N2a cells were used to confirm the findings from mice under chronic stress. Results Decreased synaptic functions were impaired in chronic stress with the downregulation of PSD95, GluR-1, the neurotrophic factor BDNF, and immediate-onset genes Arc and Egr. Chronic restraint decreased the histone acetylation level in hippocampal neurons while HDAC2 was increased and was co-localized with glucocorticoid receptors. Moreover, chronic stress inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and induced energy metabolism dysfunctions. Conclusion This work examining the elevated levels of HDAC2 in the hippocampus may provide new insights and targets for drug development for treating many neurodegenerative diseases.

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