The history of Blitz/Cray-Blitz/Crafty

ICGA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
Robert Hyatt
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Open Source Program ◽  
Computer Chess ◽  
Source Program ◽  
History Of

This article is a series of anecdotes about the development of several programs that advanced the state of the art in computer chess. The best known is Cray Blitz, which won the 1983 and 1986 World Computer Chess Championships. However, in terms of overall impact, perhaps Crafty is the most important. As a high-performing open-source program, it has been used by countless number of researchers and hobbyists to develop computer chess programs for competitions, research, and for fun.

scholarly journals AutoMeKin2021 : An open‐source program for automated reaction discovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Martínez‐Núñez ◽  
George L. Barnes ◽  
David R. Glowacki ◽  
Sabine Kopec ◽  
Daniel Peláez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Reaction Discovery ◽  
Open Source Program ◽  
Source Program

The Rise of Open Source Program Office

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Hussan Munir ◽  
Carl-Erik Mols
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Program ◽  
Source Program

scholarly journals Introduction

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl F. Kaestle
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
History Of

The History of Education Quarterly has done it again. Despite many scholars' previous attempts to summarize the state of the art in historical studies of literacy, this special issue will now be the best, up-to-date place for a novice to start. It should be required reading for everyone interested in this subfield. The editors have enlisted an impressive roster of prominent scholars in the field, and these authors have provided us with an excellent array of synthetic reviews, methodological and theoretical discussions, and exemplary research papers.

Control of Void Formation in Adhesively Bonded Joints in the Presence of Filler

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 000246-000258
Author(s):  
Nina S. Dytiuk ◽  
Thomas F. Marinis ◽  
Joseph W. Soucy
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Void Formation ◽  
Adhesive Joints ◽  
Bonded Joints ◽  
Volatile Species ◽  
Adhesively Bonded ◽  
Adhesively Bonded Joints ◽  
Open Source Program ◽  
Source Program

Abstract Adhesively bonded joints are ubiquitous in electronic assemblies that are used in a wide range of applications, which include automotive, medical, military, space and communications. The steady drive to reduce the size of assemblies in all of these applications, while providing increased functionality, generates a need for adhesive joints of higher strength, improved thermal and electrical conductivity and better dielectric isolation. All of these attributes of adhesive joints are degraded by the presence of voids in them. The quest to minimize voids in bonded structures motivated a previous study of their formation in a solvent cast, die bond epoxy film, which undergoes a liquid phase transition during cure. That work is extended in this study by including the effects of various filler morphologies in the adhesive. Fillers are added to adhesives to facilitate handling of thin sheet formats, control bond line thickness and reduce coefficient of thermal expansion. As such, fillers are selected to be inert with respect to the adhesive chemistry, while being readily wetted by it in the liquid state. Common filler morphologies include woven and molded open meshes, fibers chopped to uniform length, and spheres of uniform or distributed diameters. Void formation is influenced by a number factors, which include wettability of the bonded surfaces, adsorbed water, amount of solvent retained in the film, volume of entrapped air, thermal profile of the cure schedule, and clamping pressure during cure. The presence of fillers in the adhesive adds the additional factors of constrained diffusion paths and increased area for void nucleation. We have changed our approach to modeling the diffusion of volatile species in adhesive joints from a finite difference calculation in a uniform adhesive medium used previously, to a finite element model of a complex diffusion space. The open source program Gmsh is used to generate the diffusion space from a set of input parameters. The calculations of concentration profiles and diffusion fluxes of volatile species at the void interface are made using the open source finite element program elmer. As done previously, the position of the void interface is updated by integrating the product of time and flux of diffusing species over the area of the interface. The internal pressure of the void is determined by application of the Young-Laplace equation, while Henry’s law is used to estimate the concentration of diffusing species adjacent to the void interface. The calculation proceeds for a time equivalent to the integral of the time temperature product required to achieve a 70% cure state of the adhesive, at which point the void interface is immobile. The experimental approach is the same as used previously, with the filled adhesive sandwiched between glass slides and cured on a hot plate while imaged through a microscope. Images are automatically captured and analyzed by using the open source program imageJ, which allows us to track the evolution of individual voids as well as the time dependent distribution of the void population. We are working to correlate these experimental results with the predictions of our finite element calculations to allow us to make insightful choices of adhesives and optimize our bonding processes.

Lexicography

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Assi
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
The State ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Persian ◽  
Modern Era

The history of lexicography in Iran dates back to more than 2,000 years ago, to the time of the compilation of bilingual and monolingual lexicons for the Middle Persian language. After a review of the long and rich tradition of Persian lexicography, the chapter gives an account of the state of the art in the modern era by describing recent advances and developments in this field. During the last three or four decades, in line with the advancements in western countries, Iranian lexicography evolved from its traditional state into a modern professional and academic activity trying to improve the form and content of dictionaries by implementing the following factors: the latest achievements in theoretical and applied linguistics related to lexicography; and the computer techniques and information technology and corpus-based approach to lexicography.

scholarly journals MINING EFFORT DATA FROM THE OSS REPOSITORY OF DEVELOPER’S BUG FIX ACTIVITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-128
Author(s):  
Syed Nadeem Ahsan ◽  
Muhammad Tanvir Afzal ◽  
Safdar Zaman ◽  
Christian Gütel ◽  
Franz Wotawa
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Effort Estimation ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Actual Time ◽  
History Of

During the evolution of any software, efforts are made to fix bugs or to add new features in software. In software engineering, previous history of effort data is required to build an effort estimation model, which estimates the cost and complexity of any software. Therefore, the role of effort data is indispensable to build state-of-the-art effort estimation models. Most of the Open Source Software does not maintain any effort related information. Consequently there is no state-of-the-art effort estimation model for Open Source Software, whereas most of the existing effort models are for commercial software. In this paper we present an approach to build an effort estimation model for Open Source Software. For this purpose we suggest to mine effort data from the history of the developer’s bug fix activities. Our approach determines the actual time spend to fix a bug, and considers it as an estimated effort. Initially, we use the developer’s bug-fix-activity data to construct the developer’s activity log-book. The log-book is used to store the actual time elapsed to fix a bug. Subsequently, the log-book information is used to mine the bug fix effort data. Furthermore, the developer’s bug fix activity data is used to define three different measures for the developer’s contribution or expertise level. Finally, we used the bug-fix-activity data to visualize the developer’s collaborations and the involved source files. In order to perform an experiment we selected the Mozilla open source project and downloaded 93,607 bug reports from the Mozilla project bug tracking system i.e., Bugzilla. We also downloaded the available CVS-log data from the Mozilla project repository. In this study we reveal that in case of Mozilla only 4.9% developers have been involved in fixing 71.5% of the reported bugs.

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