scholarly journals A Cognitively-Inspired Model for Making Sense of Hasse Diagrams

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra Bourou ◽  
Marco Schorlemmer ◽  
Enric Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Geometric Configuration ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Diagram Geometry ◽  
Hasse Diagrams ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Logical Semantics

In this paper, we present a model of the sense-making process for diagrams, and describe it for the case of Hasse diagrams. Sense-making is modeled as the construction of networks of conceptual blends among image schemas and the diagram’s geometric configuration. As a case study, we specify four image schemas and the geometric configuration of a Hasse diagram, with typed FOL theories. In addition, for the diagram geometry, we utilise Qualitative Spatial Reasoning formalisms. Using an algebraic specification language, we can compute conceptual blends as category-theoretic colimits. Our model approaches sense-making as a process where the image schemas and the diagram geometry both structure each other through a complex network of conceptual blends. This yields a final blend in which the sort of inferences we confer to diagrammatic representations emerge. We argue that this approach to sense-making in diagrams is more cognitively apt than the mainstream view of a diagram being a syntactic representation of some underlying logical semantics. Moreover, our model could be applied to various types of stimuli and is thus valuable for the general field of AI.

scholarly journals Image Schemas and Conceptual Blending in Diagrammatic Reasoning: The Case of Hasse Diagrams

2021 ◽  
pp. 297-314
Author(s):  
Dimitra Bourou ◽  
Marco Schorlemmer ◽  
Enric Plaza
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Diagrammatic Reasoning ◽  
Order Logic ◽  
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Hasse Diagrams ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Diagram Design

AbstractIn this work, we propose a formal, computational model of the sense-making of diagrams by using the theories of image schemas and conceptual blending, stemming from cognitive linguistics. We illustrate our model here for the case of a Hasse diagram, using typed first-order logic to formalise the image schemas and to represent the geometry of a diagram. The latter additionally requires the use of some qualitative spatial reasoning formalisms. We show that, by blending image schemas with the geometrical configuration of a diagram, we can formally describe the way our cognition structures the understanding of, and the reasoning with, diagrams. In addition to a theoretical interest for diagrammatic reasoning, we also briefly discuss the cognitive underpinnings of good practice in diagram design, which are important for fields such as human-computer interaction and data visualization.

scholarly journals INTERSECTION DETECTION BASED ON QUALITATIVE SPATIAL REASONING ON STOPPING POINT CLUSTERS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
S. Zourlidou ◽  
M. Sester
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning ◽  
The Road ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Intersection Detection ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Representative Points

The purpose of this research is to propose and test a method for detecting intersections by analysing collectively acquired trajectories of moving vehicles. Instead of solely relying on the geometric features of the trajectories, such as heading changes, which may indicate turning points and consequently intersections, we extract semantic features of the trajectories in form of sequences of <i>stops</i> and <i>moves</i>. Under this spatiotemporal prism, the extracted semantic information which indicates where vehicles stop can reveal important locations, such as junctions. The advantage of the proposed approach in comparison with existing turning-points oriented approaches is that it can detect intersections even when not all the crossing road segments are sampled and therefore no turning points are observed in the trajectories. The challenge with this approach is that first of all, not all vehicles stop at the same location – thus, the stop-location is blurred along the direction of the road; this, secondly, leads to the effect that nearby junctions can induce similar stop-locations. As a first step, a density-based clustering is applied on the layer of stop observations and clusters of stop events are found. Representative points of the clusters are determined (one per cluster) and in a last step the existence of an intersection is clarified based on spatial relational cluster reasoning, with which less informative geospatial clusters, in terms of whether a junction exists and where its centre lies, are transformed in more informative ones. Relational reasoning criteria, based on the relative orientation of the clusters with their adjacent ones are discussed for making sense of the relation that connects them, and finally for forming groups of stop events that belong to the same junction.

Making sense of external partnerships

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Susanne Sahlin
Keyword(s):  
School Improvement ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Institutional Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
University Partnership

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine principals’ sense-making of a school–university collaboration taking an institutional perspective on organizational change. The study’s context involves three schools in a collaboration focusing on leadership and school improvement with one university. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on findings from a qualitative case study that examined principals’ sense-making of this type of school–university collaboration. Data were collected over three years and consisted of semistructured interviews, meeting notes, field observations, field notes and document analysis. A qualitative content analysis was performed using the Atlas.ti 6.2 software tool. Findings The findings showed that mattering sense-making for the principals in this collaboration is related to the cultivation of collective participation and responsibility, the development of trust and improvement culture among actors, and the sense of moving towards research-based and collaborative learning-oriented practices in their schools. Research limitations/implications This study encountered several limitations that need to be addressed and recognized. First, the small number of cases in this multiple case study, as well as the specific social context, limits the possibilities for the generalization of the findings. Second, the study was not independently selected and the findings and analyses were linked to national and local contexts, which can be seen as a limitation and a strength. Nevertheless, this study provides in-depth information about the principals’ experiences and constructions of meaning as they helped lead a school–university collaboration in their schools. Finally, although the sample was small and not representative, the findings provided useful insights into and examples of how principals understand and interpret a school–university partnership in their schools’ improvement processes. Originality/value The findings provide an elaborated illustration of how intentional efforts to collaborate and develop the schools in a school–university partnership may affect the regulative, normative and cultural–cognitive aspects in schools.

scholarly journals Query Answering With Non-Monotonic Rules: A Case Study of Archaeology Qualitative Spatial Reasoning

10.29007/6ph5 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ben Ellefi ◽  
Pierre Drap ◽  
Laurent Garcia ◽  
Fabien Garreau ◽  
Claire Lefèvre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Answer Set Programming ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Query Answering ◽  
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Large Dataset

This paper deals with querying ontology-based knowledge bases equipped with non-monotonic rules through a case study within the framework of Cultural Heritage. It focuses on 3D underwater surveys on the Xlendi wreck which is represented by an OWL2 knowledge base with a large dataset. The paper aims at improving the interactions between the archaeologists and the knowledge base providing new queries that involve non-monotonic rules in order to perform qualitative spatial reasoning. To this end, the knowledge base initially represented in OWL2-QL is translated into an equivalent Answer Set Programming (ASP) program and is enriched with a set of non-monotonic ASP rules suitable to express default and exceptions. An ASP query answering approach is proposed and implemented. Furthermore due to the increased expressiveness of non-monotonic rules it provides spatial reasoning and spatial relations between artifacts query answering which is not possible with query answering languages such as SPARQL and SQWRL.

scholarly journals INTERSECTION DETECTION BASED ON QUALITATIVE SPATIAL REASONING ON STOPPING POINT CLUSTERS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B2 ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Zourlidou ◽  
M. Sester
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Reasoning ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Qualitative Spatial Reasoning ◽  
The Road ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Intersection Detection ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Representative Points

The purpose of this research is to propose and test a method for detecting intersections by analysing collectively acquired trajectories of moving vehicles. Instead of solely relying on the geometric features of the trajectories, such as heading changes, which may indicate turning points and consequently intersections, we extract semantic features of the trajectories in form of sequences of &lt;i&gt;stops&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;moves&lt;/i&gt;. Under this spatiotemporal prism, the extracted semantic information which indicates where vehicles stop can reveal important locations, such as junctions. The advantage of the proposed approach in comparison with existing turning-points oriented approaches is that it can detect intersections even when not all the crossing road segments are sampled and therefore no turning points are observed in the trajectories. The challenge with this approach is that first of all, not all vehicles stop at the same location – thus, the stop-location is blurred along the direction of the road; this, secondly, leads to the effect that nearby junctions can induce similar stop-locations. As a first step, a density-based clustering is applied on the layer of stop observations and clusters of stop events are found. Representative points of the clusters are determined (one per cluster) and in a last step the existence of an intersection is clarified based on spatial relational cluster reasoning, with which less informative geospatial clusters, in terms of whether a junction exists and where its centre lies, are transformed in more informative ones. Relational reasoning criteria, based on the relative orientation of the clusters with their adjacent ones are discussed for making sense of the relation that connects them, and finally for forming groups of stop events that belong to the same junction.

scholarly journals Comprehensive or Comprehensible Experience? A Case Study of Religion and Traumatic Bereavement

2020 ◽  
pp. 136078042097866
Author(s):  
William McGowan ◽  
Elizabeth A Cook
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Traumatic Bereavement ◽  
Relative Potential ◽  
Corresponding Analysis

The first half of this article provides a brief overview of two respective projects concerning traumatic bereavement, in which religious faith appeared to feature amid a constellation of significant coping and sense-making mechanisms for survivors. After presenting some illustrative examples of the kind of data produced in the course of our research, the second half of the article develops a retrospectively critical appraisal of our data collection and corresponding analysis practices. In questioning the extent to which our accounts of our participants’ accounts can be considered adequate representations of social order, we critically explore the relative potential of ‘reflexivity’ for bridging the experiential gap between researchers and participants. Taken together, these reflections prompt a return to the salutary question: what counts as sociologically ‘see-able’?

Making sense of continuous development of digital infrastructures

2021 ◽  
pp. 026839622110466
Author(s):  
Karen Osmundsen ◽  
Bendik Bygstad
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Continuous Development ◽  
Organizational Contexts ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Digital Infrastructure ◽  
Definition Of

Continuous development extends the agile approach and focuses on bringing valuable services to users with the aim of achieving a continuous flow of learning and development in short cycles. The objective of this work is to theorize the idea of continuous development in the context of digital infrastructure evolution and explore the organizational interactions underlying continuous development. By drawing on literature on digital infrastructure theory and continuous development as it has emerged as an idea from the DevOps thinking expanded from agile, we outline main characteristics of continuous development and propose a theoretical definition of continuous development in organizational contexts. Then, in answering our research question “which patterns of interactions can be identified in the continuous development of digital infrastructures?”, we conducted a longitudinal case study at a Norwegian grid company and explored how a specific digital infrastructure evolved through continuous development. We identified generic interaction patterns with two cycles of sense-giving and sense-making between organizational actors, enabling the continuous development of the digital infrastructure. Our findings and model of interaction patterns offer a nuanced perspective on both digital infrastructure evolution and established views of sense-making and sense-giving mechanisms, as well as new ways to think about digitalization in incumbent firms.

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