scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis of Language Competence vs. Performance in Russian- and Lithuanian-Speaking 6 Year-Olds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrida Balčiūnienė ◽  
Aleksandr N. Kornev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech

The paper deals with a comparative analysis of the Part-of-Speech Profile between different languages and discourse genres in 6-year-old typically developing Russian- vs. Lithuanian-speaking children. Results of the study inspire a discussion on a possibility to evaluate both language competence and language performance of the same subject on the basis of his/her distribution of parts of speech in the discourse.

A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF TIME-PREPOSITIONS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 187-195
Author(s):  
Yabing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Organic Structure ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Russian Language

This article is devoted to the problem of using Russian time-prepositions by foreigners, especially by the Chinese. An analysis of modern literature allows the author to identify the main areas of the work aimed at foreign students’ development of the skills and abilities to correctly build the prepositional combinations and continuously improve the communication skills by means of the Russian language. In this paper, the time-prepositions in the Russian language have been analyzed in detail; some examples of polysemantic use of prepositions, their semantic and stylistic shades alongside with possible errors made by foreign students are presented. The results of the study are to help in developing a system of teaching Russian time-prepositions to a foreign language audience, taking into account their native language, on the basis of the systemic and functional, communicative and activity-centred basis. The role of Russian time-prepositions in constructing word combinations has been identified; the need for foreign students’ close attention to this secondary part of speech has been specified. It has been stated that prepositions are the most dynamic and open type of secondary language units within the quantitative and qualitative composition of which regular changes take place. The research substantiates the need that students should be aware of the function of time-preposition in speech; they are to get acquainted with the main time-prepositions and their meanings, to distinguish prepositions and other homonymous parts of speech as well as to learn stylistic shades of time-prepositions. Some recommendations related to the means of mastering time-prepositions have been given: to target speakers to assimilate modern literary norms and, therefore, to teach them how to choose and use them correctly by means of linguistic keys that are intended to fill the word with true meaning, to give it an organic structure, an inherent form and an easy combinability in the texts and oral speech.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF SUBSTANTIVISATION IN THE HUNGARIAN LANGUAGE IN COMPARISON WITH RUSSIAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Antonina Petrovna Guskova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Russian Linguistics ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Semantic Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
First Time

Recently transposition became the issue of many research papers for being a complicated and sophisticated language phenomenon, and its definition has been broadened. The issue of transposition and the degrees of verb transitivity are the most controversial and difficult ones both in Hungarian and Russian linguistics. This issue may be investigated on different language levels: lexical, syntactic, morphological and on the level of word formation. Taking into account the mobility of parts of speech boundaries in the compared languages we attempt to find the cause of words transitioning from one lexico-grammatical class into another, investigate transposition as a natural phenomenon both for the Hungarian and Russian languages, differentiate transition in parts of the speech system from other language phenomena, solve some contentious issues regarding parts of speech, for example ‘noun-adjective’ relations, and others. Despite having extensive literature concerning nominalization in Russian linguistics and some works in Hungarian linguistics, some aspects are not comprehensively covered in them. For example, different types of transitions from other parts of speech into nouns, thorough semantic and thematic categorization of substantivized words, characteristics of their functioning in texts of different functional styles, principles of creating lexicography, etc. In this article we compare the process of substantivation amidst the system of parts of speech in languages of such different structure as Hungarian and Russian. Comprehensive and comparative study of the process of transition of other parts of speech into nouns allows us to conduct a deeper investigation of each of these languages’ structure and also to reveal typological similarities and differences between them. These languages have not been explored this way so it provides scientific novelty to the research. For the first time we define the main conditions of a systematic process of transposition in Hungarian and Russian and reveal both specific and universal opportunities for transition in the compared languages. We use comparative analysis for researching semantic models of substantivized words, distinguish different types of transitions into nouns and describe structural and stylistic features. Thus, the topic of the research is the grammatical, semantic, structural and stylistic features of substantivized words in Hungarian and Russian. The objective of the study is to discover linguistic nature of substantivation of adjectives, verbs and verbal formations, numerals and pronouns, to find out specific and universal features caused by typological differences of the researched languages. To achieve this goal we need to solve the following problems: determining the place of substantivation in the system of word formation in Hungarian and Russian, discovering how much substantivation and conversion being productive ways of word formation are identical in Russian and Hungarian, distinguishing semantic models of substantivized words and compare them, comparing models of usual and occasional substantivation and determine its productivity, studying their structure which means showing peculiarities of substantivized words’ grammatical structure in Hungarian and Russian, discovering similarities and differences between them and finding adequate models. The research is based on data of dictionaries of Russian and Hungarian languages, examples of fictional texts, live speech and not the least on the idioms. Theoretical importance lies in the following: 1) the research develops the theory of transitivity as we study transposition in two languages of different structures using comparative analysis of substantivized words and taking into account grammatical, semantic and functional aspects; 2) using the materials of two languages of different structures we discover the main conditions of systematic transposition and distinguish its universal and specific features; 3) for the first time the problem of transposition is studied on the basis of Russian and Hungarian from a theoretical point of view (on the example of transition of other parts of speech into nouns); 4) we develop the methodology of a comprehensive approach to study substantivation in Hungarian and Russian which can be used when describing this phenomenon in other languages of different structures.

scholarly journals USE OF ELECTRONIC RESOURCES TO CREATE EDUCATIONAL QUIZZES FORMING FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMPETENCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Elena Dubrovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
University Students ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Comparative Experiment ◽  
Electronic Resources ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The article considers the phenomenon of gamification in education, studies various electronic resources creating educational quizzes, presents a comparative analysis of their advantages and disadvantages in order to teach foreign languages to University students. To prove the efficiency, the results of a comparative experiment of the use of electronic resources for creating quizzes are given.

scholarly journals On derivatives

enadakultura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Makharoblidze
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Word Form ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
General Linguistics ◽  
Lexical Content ◽  
Inflectional Affixes

The question of derivates has been repeatedly raised in the teaching processes of language grammar and general linguistics. This circumstance became the basis for creating this short article. It is well known that a word-form can be changeable or unchangeable, and this fact is determined by the parts of speech. Form-changing words can undergo two types of change: inflectional and derivative. During the inflectional change, the form of the word changes, but the lexical and semantic aspects of the word do not change, i.e. its semantic and content data do not change. A classic example of this type of change is flexion of nouns.Derivation is the formation of a word from another word by the addition of non-inflectional affixes. Derivation can be of two types. The first is lexical derivation, in which the derivative affix produces a word with a different lexical content. A word-form can be another part of speech or the same part of speech but with a different lexical content. The second type of derivation is, first of all, grammatical derivation, when grammatical categories are produced. The grammatical category in general (and a word-form in general as well) includes the unity of morphological and semantical aspects. There is no separate semantics without morphology. Any semantic category and/or content must be conveyed in a specific form, so only a specific form has a specific morphosemantics, which can be produced by the grammatical derivatives. The main difference between the two types of derivation mentioned above (and therefore between the two types of derivatives) is the levels of the language hierarchy. The first type of affixes works at the lexical level of the language, while the second type derivatives produce forms at the morphological and semantic levels. The second type derivatives are inter-level affixes, because they act on two hierarchical levels. Any grammatical category includes specific morphosemantic oppositional forms. Thus, unlike inflectional affixes, the rest of the morphological affixes are all other types of inter-level derivatives. It should be noted that the preverb in Kartvelian languages ​​is the only linguistic unit with all possible functions of affix. DOWNLOADS

scholarly journals Stages of Developing Future Civil Aviation Pilots’ Vocabulary as an Essential Part of Their Professional Competence

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
Т.А. Стародубцева ◽  
Е.Л. Воронянская
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Vocabulary Size ◽  
Language Competence ◽  
Learning Modules ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
Aviation Pilots

В статье рассматривается этапность развития одного из шести компонентов иноязычной компетентности — словарного запасa. Особое внимание уделяется понятийному содержанию этого термина, его структуре в методическом, общелингвистическом и авиационном контекстах, акцентируется внимание на специфике развития лексических навыков в авиационном вузе. Обосновывается важность словарного запаса в общей структуре иноязычной компетентности будущего пилота. Понятийный анализ термина «словарный запас» позволяет дать ему авторскую формулировку, в полном объеме раскрывающую его специфику применительно к обучающимся авиационного вуза с учетом регистра речи. Этапами в данном исследовании выступают учебные модули, предусмотренные учебным планом и основной образовательной программой вуза. В процессе наблюдения за речевой деятельностью курсантов выявляется частотность ошибок, допускаемых при употреблении слов. В ходе проведения анализа авторы руководствуются требованиями Международной организации гражданской авиации, предъявляемыми к языковой компетенции авиационных специалистов, и определяют объем словаря, необходимого для осуществления эффективной коммуникации. The article deals with the stage-by-stage approach to the development of one of the six components of foreign language competence — vocabulary. Special attention is given to the conceptual content of the term vocabulary, its structural components, related to teaching technique, general linguistic and aviation contexts. The authors emphasize the peculiarities of the development of lexical skills at Aviation Institutes. The paper emphasizes the importance of vocabulary in the general structure of foreign language competence. A conceptual analysis of the term “vocabulary” suggests usage of vocabulary with a focus on its specific features at Civil Aviation Institutes, with regard to the register of speech. In this study, the stages are considered to be the learning modules specified by the syllabus and the principal educational program of the Institute. The process of monitoring the cadets' foreign language performance has revealed the frequency of mistakes made in the use of words. In the course of the analysis, the authors follow the requirements of the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) for the language competence of aviation specialists and estimate the vocabulary size for effective communication.

scholarly journals Studi Komparatif Kelayakan Usaha Pembuatan Dendeng Itik dengan Kerupuk Itik Di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Utara (Studi Kasus: Usaha Pembuatan Dendeng Itik "Dhandy" dengan Kerupuk Itik "Mama Irfan" di Kecamatan Amuntai Tengah

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 224-238
Author(s):  
Susanti Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Management Aspect ◽  
Financial Aspect

       The purpose of this study is (i) identifying the non-financial feasibility of duck and duck cracker making business in terms of market, technical aspects and management aspects (ii) analyzing and (iii) comparing the financial feasibility of making duck and duck crackers in Central Amuntai District. The research was carried out on the "Dhandy" duck jerky in Antasari Village and "Mama Irfan" duck crackers in Kota Raden Hulu Village, Amuntai Tengah District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency in May - August 2013. The research method used was case studies and data collection with interviews. Qualitative analysis of market, technical and management aspects is processed descriptively. Quantitative analysis uses investment criteria, namely analysis of present net value / NPV, return on investment / IRR, Net B / C ratio and return period of investment, the results of the two analyzes are followed by comparative analysis. The results of the non-financial aspects showed that the "Dhandy" jerky duck and "Mama Irfan" duck crackers viewed from the market or technical aspects were worth the effort. However, viewed from the management aspect, the two businesses are not feasible because they are still in the scale of small businesses, family efforts and implementation are still traditional. The financial aspect of the "Dhandy" duck jerky business is worth showing the NPV value of Rp.5,950,594, - the IRR of 12.92%, net B / C of 1.22 and the pay back period of 4,5024 years. Whereas the "Mama Irfan" duck cracker business is also worthy of the NPV value of Rp. 31,874,247, -, the IRR is 51.93%, net B / C is 2.71 and the pay back period is 2.4716 years. Comparative analysis shows that the "Mama Irfan" duck cracker making business is more feasible compared to the "Dhandy" duck jerky making business. The purpose of this study is (i) identifying the non-financial feasibility of duck and duck cracker making business in terms of market, technical aspects and management aspects (ii) analyzing and (iii) comparing the financial feasibility of making duck and duck crackers in Central Amuntai District. The research was carried out on the "Dhandy" duck jerky in Antasari Village and "Mama Irfan" duck crackers in Kota Raden Hulu Village, Amuntai Tengah District, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency in May - August 2013. The research method used was case studies and data collection with interviews. Qualitative analysis of market, technical and management aspects is processed descriptively. Quantitative analysis uses investment criteria, namely analysis of present net value / NPV, return on investment / IRR, Net B / C ratio and return period of investment, the results of the two analyzes are followed by comparative analysis. The results of the non-financial aspects showed that the "Dhandy" jerky duck and "Mama Irfan" duck crackers viewed from the market or technical aspects were worth the effort. However, viewed from the management aspect, the two businesses are not feasible because they are still in the scale of small businesses, family efforts and implementation are still traditional. The financial aspect of the "Dhandy" duck jerky business is worth showing the NPV value of Rp.5,950,594, - the IRR of 12.92%, net B / C of 1.22 and the pay back period of 4,5024 years. Whereas the "Mama Irfan" duck cracker business is also worthy of the NPV value of Rp. 31,874,247, -, the IRR is 51.93%, net B / C is 2.71 and the pay back period is 2.4716 years. Comparative analysis shows that the "Mama Irfan" duck cracker making business is more feasible compared to the "Dhandy" duck jerky making business.

Unsupervised learning of part-of-speech guessing rules

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREI MIKHEEV
Keyword(s):  
Training Data ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech Tagging ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Substantial Problem ◽  
Rule Sets ◽  
Induction Experiment ◽  
Unknown Words ◽  
The Impact

Words unknown to the lexicon present a substantial problem to part-of-speech tagging. In this paper we present a technique for fully unsupervised acquisition of rules which guess possible parts of speech for unknown words. This technique does not require specially prepared training data, and uses instead the lexicon supplied with a tagger and word frequencies collected from a raw corpus. Three complimentary sets of word-guessing rules are statistically induced: prefix morphological rules, suffix morphological rules and ending guessing rules. The acquisition process is strongly associated with guessing-rule evaluation methodology which is solely dedicated to the performance of part-of-speech guessers. Using the proposed technique a guessing-rule induction experiment was performed on the Brown Corpus data and rule-sets, with a highly competitive performance, were produced and compared with the state-of-the-art. To evaluate the impact of the word-guessing component on the overall tagging performance, it was integrated into a stochastic and a rule-based tagger and applied to texts with unknown words.

DEFINITION OF GRAMMATICAL STATUS PARTICIPATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Vasilievna Artamonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Hybrid Features ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Part Of Speech ◽  
Special Place ◽  
The Status ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Problematic Aspect

Communion as part of speech occupies a special place in the structure of the Russian language, since it represents a problematic aspect of grammar. Already when determining the grammatical status of participle, the first difficulties appear, which is associated with hybrid features of participle, since it combines the features of two independent parts of speech - the adjective and the verb. The works of linguists describe different approaches to determining the status of communion. At present, it is possible to state the existence in Russian grammar of several points of view on the definition of the nature of communion.

scholarly journals Adopting a QCA Approach to Investigating the Risks Involved in Megaprojects from Auditing Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ma ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Miao Cui ◽  
Ruoyu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Contract Management ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Construction Risk ◽  
Quantitative Analysis Method ◽  
Independent Variable

There is an increase of megaproject construction worldwide. At the same time, risks involved in megaprojects have also become a wide concern. Extending from the macrolevel of qualitative analysis focusing on complexity, politics, and morality, the research conducted the microscopic empirical analysis on twenty-two typical cases by adopting the quality comparative analysis (QCA) from the auditing perspective. Different from the traditional analysis method taking each causation as independent variable, the results in the study revealed that there was complex multiple concurrent causation among eight conditions; additionally, the configuration of those would be divided into six types, among which, the coverage of the three types, namely, project management risk, preliminary and construction risk, and tendering and contract management related risk, was almost eighty percent. Finally, megaproject risks in China were caused by complicated and changeable combination conditions, which would provide a new breakthrough for seeking analyzing megaproject risks through this quantitative analysis method, and indicate the researchers and practitioners to control the megaproject risks from a more systematic way.

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