scholarly journals Transdermal diffusion, spatial distribution and physical state of a potential anticancer drug in mouse skin as studied by diffusion and spectroscopic techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
Quoc-Chon Le ◽  
Thierry Lefèvre ◽  
René C.-Gaudreault ◽  
Gaétan Laroche ◽  
Michèle Auger
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Transdermal Diffusion

Molecular Clouds

1977 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 37-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Thaddeus
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Interstellar Medium ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Molecular Gas ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Recombination Line ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Impossible Task

To attempt to understand star formation without knowing the physical state of the dense interstellar molecular gas from which stars are made is an almost impossible task. Star formation has developed late as a branch of astrophysics largely for lack of observational data, and in particular, has lagged badly behind the study of the atomic and ionized components of the interstellar gas because spectroscopic techniques which work well at low density have an unfortunate tendency to fail when the density is high. Optical spectroscopy, which has been applied to the interstellar medium for over 70 years, has made little progress in regions of high density because of obscuration, and the same is true a fortiori of spacecraft spectroscopy in the UV; radio 21-cm and recombination line observations, although unhampered by obscuration, are unsatisfactory because the dense condensations are almost entirely molecular in composition.

scholarly journals Exploration of Electrochemical Intermediates of the Anticancer Drug Doxorubicin Hydrochloride Using Cyclic Voltammetry and Simulation Studies with an Evaluation for Its Interaction with DNA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Sarathi Guin ◽  
Saurabh Das
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Dna Interaction ◽  
Calf Thymus Dna ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride ◽  
Cathodic Peak ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Calf Thymus

Electrochemical behavior of the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride was studied using cyclic voltammetry in aqueous medium using Hepes buffer (pH~7.4). At this pH, doxorubicin hydrochloride undergoes a reversible two-electron reduction withE1/2value −665±5 mV (versus Ag/AgCl, saturated KCl). Depending on scan rates, processes were either quasireversible (at low scan rates) or near perfect reversible (at high scan rates). This difference in behavior of doxorubicin hydrochloride with scan rate studied over the same potential range speaks of differences in electron transfer processes in doxorubicin hydrochloride. Attempt was made to identify and understand the species involved using simulation. The information obtained was used to study the interaction of doxorubicin hydrochloride with calf thymus DNA. Cathodic peak current gradually decreased as more calf thymus DNA was added. The decrease in cathodic peak current was used to estimate the interaction of the drug with calf thymus DNA. Nonlinear curve fit analysis was applied to evaluate the intrinsic binding constant and site size of interaction that was compared with previous results on doxorubicin hydrochloride-DNA interaction monitored by cyclic voltammetry or spectroscopic techniques.

Investigation of anticancer drug lapatinib and its interaction with dsDNA by electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Dogan-Topal ◽  
Burcin Bozal-Palabiyik ◽  
Sibel A. Ozkan ◽  
Bengi Uslu
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques

Sulfur dioxide on Io: Spatial distribution and physical state

Icarus ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. Howell ◽  
D.P. Cruikshank ◽  
F.P. Fanale
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Physical State

Excited state proton transfer dynamics of an eminent anticancer drug, ellipticine, in octyl glucoside micelle

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (28) ◽  
pp. 14953-14960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Gavvala ◽  
Raj Kumar Koninti ◽  
Abhigyan Sengupta ◽  
Partha Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Excited State ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Proton Transfer ◽  
Anticancer Drug ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Time Resolved Fluorescence ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Octyl Glucoside ◽  
Excited State Proton Transfer

Prototropical and photophysical properties of an anticancer drug, ellipticine, are explored inside the octyl-β-d-glucoside micelles using steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic techniques.

Laser Diagnostics of Plasma in Synthesis of Graphene-Based Materials

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo D. Tuesta ◽  
Aizaz Bhuiyan ◽  
Robert P. Lucht ◽  
Timothy S. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Laser Diagnostics ◽  
Rotational Temperature ◽  
Plasma Generator ◽  
Plasma Sheath ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques

Scalable production of carbon nanostructures to exploit their extraordinary properties and potential technological applications requires an improved understanding of the chemical environment responsible for their synthesis. In this study the spatial distribution of the rotational temperature of hydrogen is investigated via coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy in the plasma of a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition reactor under parametrically controlled conditions. The reactor pressure is varied from 10 to 30 Torr and the plasma generator power from 300 to 700 W, simulating the conditions required for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, graphene and graphitic nanopetals. Temperature measurements are conducted within the plasma sheath and up to 6 mm away from the puck surface in order to elucidate the spatial distribution of temperature within and around the plasma region. The results indicate a linear increase in rotational temperature of H2 with respect to the distance normal from the puck surface. Temperatures also increase with pressure. At 10 Torr the temperature range is approximately 850–1150 K while at 30 Torr it is approximately 1200–1650 K for a plasma generator power of 500 W. In addition, the temperature increases with plasma generator power and the introduction of other substances such as CH4 and N2. These findings may aid in understanding the function of the chemical composition and reactions in the plasma environment of these reactors which, to date, remains obscure. The spectroscopic techniques applied in this work may prove to be suitable in-situ monitoring methods for the scalable manufacturing of carbon nanomaterials.

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

SEM evaluation of the TEM cold-stage double-film specimen

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
Jayesh Bellare
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Liquid Sample ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
Sample Preparation Technique ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Film Specimen

Seeing is believing, but only after the sample preparation technique has received a systematic study and a full record is made of the treatment the sample gets.For microstructured liquids and suspensions, fast-freeze thermal fixation and cold-stage microscopy is perhaps the least artifact-laden technique. In the double-film specimen preparation technique, a layer of liquid sample is trapped between 100- and 400-mesh polymer (polyimide, PI) coated grids. Blotting against filter paper drains excess liquid and provides a thin specimen, which is fast-frozen by plunging into liquid nitrogen. This frozen sandwich (Fig. 1) is mounted in a cooling holder and viewed in TEM.Though extremely promising for visualization of liquid microstructures, this double-film technique suffers from a) ireproducibility and nonuniformity of sample thickness, b) low yield of imageable grid squares and c) nonuniform spatial distribution of particulates, which results in fewer being imaged.

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