Knowledge-driven argument mining based on the qualia structure

Qualitative relationships between two instances of conscious experiences can be quantified through the perceived similarity. Previously, we proposed that by defining similarity relationships as arrows and conscious experiences as objects, we can define a category of qualia in the context of category theory. However, the example qualia categories we proposed were highly idealized and limited to cases where perceived similarity is binary: either present or absent without any gradation. When similarity is graded, a situation can arise where A0 is similar to A1, A1 is similar to A2, and so on, yet A0 is not similar to An, which is called the Sorites paradox. Here, we introduce enriched category theory to address this situation. Enriched categories generalize the concept of a relation between objects as a directed arrow (or morphism) in ordinary category theory to a more flexible notion, such as a measure of distance. As an alternative relation, here we propose a graded measure of perceived dissimilarity between the two objects. These measures combine in a way that addresses the Sorites paradox; even if the dissimilarity between Ai and Ai+1 is small for i = 0 … n, hence perceived as similar, the dissimilarity between A0 and An can be large, hence perceived as different. In this way, we show how dissimilarity-enriched categories of qualia resolve the Sorites paradox. We claim that enriched categories accommodate various types of conscious experiences. An important extension of this claim is the application of the Yoneda lemma in enriched category; we can characterize a quale through a collection of relationships between the quale and the other qualia up to an (enriched) isomorphism.

Download Full-text

Modification of Qualia Structures Using Relative Adjectives in Lithuanian, Russian and German

Respectus Philologicus ◽

10.15388/respectus.2020.38.43.56 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 40-53

Author(s):

Vasiliy Glushak ◽

Vilma Kaladytė ◽

Olga Gowin

Keyword(s):

Semantic Representation ◽

Written Language ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Constitutive Properties ◽

Linguistic Units ◽

Qualia Structure

Relative adjectives are immediate nominal explicators (nouns) that play a key role in meaningful structures in the Russian, Lithuanian, and German languages. This article investigates the semantic representation of a noun in an attribute group with relative adjectives comparatively using the Qualia structure and its modifications. The most commonly used 150 relative adjectives in the electronic corpora of the Russian written language were selected for analysis. They are compared with Lithuanian and German examples. Relative adjectives are classified as quality structures and are considered to imply objective constitutive properties (matter and origin), formal attributes (physical parameters, colour, time, and place) and telic attributes. Other correlating linguistic units, namely, genitive constructs and composites, are also analysed describing the expected realizations of Qualia structures in the noun group.

Download Full-text

Qualia Structure in Spanish Prepositional Verbs: When the verb resorts to a preposition

Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics ◽

10.7557/1.3.1.2752 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Zoltan Zato

Keyword(s):

Generative Grammar ◽

Generative Model ◽

Font Size ◽

Prepositional Phrases ◽

Generative Lexicon ◽

Qualia Structure

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">In generative grammar it is generally assumed that argumental prepositional phrases (PPs) can have two syntactic functions: argument and complement. Contrary to this assumption, I will propose a unified syntactic treatment for all argumental PPs, which I consider more appropriate to account for the main problems they pose. Focusing on Spanish, I will try to explain how the meaning of prepositional verbs is compositionally built by means of a lexical mechanism of coercion. My claim is based on Pustejovsky’s Generative Lexicon theory, a sophisticated lexicist and generative model of combination of words.</span>

Download Full-text