High-Precision Radiocarbon Dating Application to Multi-Proxy Organic Materials from Late Foraging to Early Pastoral Sites in Upper Nubia, Sudan

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A.A. Garcea ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Louis Chaix
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Nile River ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

The study area presented in this paper comprises two geographical entities in northern Upper Nubia located between the Second and the Third Cataract of the Nile River: Sai Island and the Amara West district, on the present left bank of the river. Four sites, three at Sai Island and one in the Amara West district, were excavated. They represent three distinct archaeological complexes, named Arkinian, Khartoum Variant, and Abkan, which encompass a long time period from ca. 11,000 to 6000 cal years BP (9000–4000 BC) and range from late foraging to early pastoralism. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating was applied to multiproxy materials in order to provide a frame of reference for this important chronological and economic period in this area. Different types of materials were selected, namely wood charcoal, charcoal tempers in pottery, ostrich eggshell, and aquatic gastropod shells. Twenty-four new AMS radiocarbon dates are presented to (a) cross-check the accuracy and reliability of the chronology of late foraging and early pastoral sites in our study area; (b) integrate, update, and revise the previously available radiometric dates; and (c) reconstruct a comprehensive framework of the chronology of late foraging and early pastoralism in Upper Nubia.

scholarly journals Freiberg Radiocarbon Measurements I

Radiocarbon ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Burkhardt ◽  
Hajo Stechemesser ◽  
Dietrich Mania
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Third ◽  
Age Determinations

This list reports the first age determinations carried out by the Freiberg Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory. The preparation of samples and radiocarbon dates were done by the first two authors, who constructed the apparatus; sample descriptions and interpretations of dates were made by the third author.

Testing the Accuracy of 14C Age Data from Pollen Concentrates in the Yangtze Delta, China

Radiocarbon ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhai Li ◽  
Yongxiang Li ◽  
George S Burr
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Liquid Scintillation ◽  
Scintillation Counting ◽  
Yangtze Delta ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
14C Age ◽  
Climate Events ◽  
Age Determinations

In order to test the accuracy of accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of pollen, 8 samples of pollen concentrates and 4 bulk organic samples were collected and analyzed from trench T1041 at the Tianluoshan site, Yuyao city, Zhejiang Province. This site was chosen because a reliable chronology had been previously established there based on radiocarbon dates of plant materials. The pollen concentrate samples were measured using AMS 14C and the 4 bulk organic samples were measured by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). The pollen concentrates and bulk organic samples yield ages that are a few hundred years to thousands of years older than those from plant materials, respectively. Contributions from reworked sediments can explain the older ages for the pollen concentrates and sediment organic dates. This study suggests that caution must be exercised when discussing millennial- or centennial-scale climate events based on chronologies that are controlled by age determinations of pollen concentrates.

The changing pattern of UK strikes, 1964-2014

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Lyddon
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Strike Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
The Uk

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the changing strike activity in the UK over the last 50 years. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on a wide literature on UK strikes and an extensive trawl of newspaper sources. It is divided into four main sections. The first two summarise, in turn, the changing amount and locus of strike activity between 1964 and 2014. The third discusses the changing relationship and balance between official and unofficial strikes. The last covers the role of the courts and legislation on strikes, highlighting some key moments in this turbulent history. Findings – The period 1964-2014 can be divided into three sub-periods: high-strike activity until 1979; a transition period of “coercive pacification” in the 1980s; and unprecedentedly low-strike activity since the early 1990s. Unions were more combative against the legislative changes of the 1980s than they are normally given credit for. Research limitations/implications – Given its broad scope, this paper cannot claim to be comprehensive. Originality/value – This is a rare study of the changing nature of UK strikes over such a long time period.

AMS Radiocarbon Dating of Lake Michigan Beach-Ridge and Dune Development

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lichter
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Beach Ridge ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Beach Ridges ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology

Strandplains of shore-parallel beach ridges bordering the Great Lakes are valuable for reconstructing histories of climate-related lake-level fluctuations. However, imprecise radiocarbon dates of ridge formation have frustrated development of dependable chronologies from which information about variation in the frequency of ridge formation and inferred climate fluctuations can be obtained. The resolution and precision of radiocarbon chronologies can be improved with AMS 14C dates of roots and rhizomes of plant species associated with the formation and growth of the sand-dune caps of breach ridges. These dates reliably estimate the timing of shore progradation when the base of the previously established beach ridge becomes inundated by the water table. An AMS radiocarbon chronology of beach-ridge formation in northern Lake Michigan shows that information about variation in the frequency of ridge formation is important for paleoclimatic interpretation.

scholarly journals Behaviour of Long-Lasting Stress Relaxation of Various Types of Yarns

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginta Laureckienė ◽  
Rimvydas Milašius
Keyword(s):  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Relaxation Rate ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The main goal of this researcher is estimating of the possibility of long-lasting (even until 200,000 s) stress relaxation by empirical investigation, which was performed for a few thousands of seconds. The empirical investigations of longlasting stress relaxation of different types of yarns (multifilament polyester, cotton and woollen) at different levels of elongation, i.e. at 3%, 5%, 7% and 10%, were carried out. The method of long-lasting relaxation behaviour prediction by the break-point of relaxation rate as well as the linear dependence of second part of relaxation were used. It was found that the behaviour of relaxation can be described using time logarithmic scale by two straight lines, and the value of stress relaxation in long time period could be estimated by the second line. The break-point of relaxation rate of all kinds of yarns occurs in the area of 100-200 s after relaxations started. The obtained results showed that the place of relaxation break-point depends on the level of elongation but does not depend on the type of yarns.

scholarly journals Too Old AMS Radiocarbon Dates Obtained from Moss Remains from Lake Kwiecko Bottom Sediments (N Poland)

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (-1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Madeja ◽  
Dariusz Latowski
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Palynological Data

Too Old AMS Radiocarbon Dates Obtained from Moss Remains from Lake Kwiecko Bottom Sediments (N Poland)The paper presents the results of the AMS radiocarbon dating of moss macrofossils which seem to be too old in the context of palynological data. The lack of agreement between the obtained results of radiocarbon dating and pollen analysis has been discussed. Some possible causes of the discrepancies between the results of radiocarbon dating and palynological dating have been given.

Prehistoric wooden trackways of the Somerset Levels: their construction, age and relation to climatic change

1960 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Calluna Vulgaris ◽  
Phragmites Communis ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Marine Transgression ◽  
Raised Bogs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Water Conditions

The Somerset Levels are a submerged landscape. The valleys between the Mendip and the Polden Hills extend to 90 feet (27 metres) below Ordnance Datum, and they are filled to approximately the height of present sea-level by a soft blue-grey clay deposited in brackish water. Radiocarbon dating of material from Burnham-on-Sea shows that the marine transgression had been almost completed by 4300 B.C. (Q 134), and a date from Tealham Moor places the final transition to fresh-water conditions about 3500 B.C. (Q 120) (Godwin and Willis, 1959). As fresh water accumulated upon the almost level surface of the recent clay, reed-swamp dominated by Phragmites communis and Cladium mariscus occupied the whole region, building up coarse, loose-textured peat to a thickness of 1 or 2 metres. In the normal course of hydrarch succession (possibly enhanced by a climatic turn towards dryness), the reed swamps were invaded by fen-woods of alder and birch. These were extremely widespread at a time given by the first tentative radiocarbon dates as within the third millennium B.C.About 2000 B.C. there now began to develop within these fen woodlands an entirely different vegetation type, primarily composed of Sphagnum moss, cottongrass (Eriophorum spp.), ling (Calluna vulgaris), associated ericoid plants, and deer-grass (Trichophorum caespitosum). These communities quickly built up a complex of large raised bogs such as are now familiar around the Solway and the Central Irish plain, and of which Flander's Moss is a good Scottish example. These are gently domed structures rising a few metres above the level of the immediately surrounding land and relying almost entirely upon precipitation for their water supply.

scholarly journals Novas datações pelo carbono-14 para as ocupações holocénicas do Prazo (Freixo de Numão, Vila Nova de Foz Côa, Norte de Portugal)

2012 ◽  
pp. 22-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Monteiro-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Neolithic ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The Third ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Sedimentary Dynamics ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Late Mesolithic

Recentemente obtiveram-se cinco novas datações pelo radiocarbono para as ocupações holocénicas do sítio pré-histórico do Prazo. Quatro delas apresentam resultados compatíveis com os já divulgados em publicações anteriores. No conjunto, dispõe-se agora de uma série de vinte e seis datações 14C que seconsideram válidas. Estas datações permitem remeter a fase que se atribuiu ao Epipaleolítico para os finais do X/ meados do IX milénio cal BC; o Mesolítico mais antigo para o terceiro quartel do VIII milénio cal BC; o Mesolítico final para o período compreendido entre o segundo quartel do VII milénio cal BCe os meados do VI milénio cal BC; e o Neolítico Antigo para o intervalo balizado entre os finais do VI milénio cal BC e um momento indeterminado posterior ao terceiro quartel do V milénio cal BC. Entre estes períodos com ocupações humanas observam-se intervalos temporais para os quais não existem datações absolutas. Sugere-se que este facto possa estar relacionado com as dinâmicas sedimentares do local no decurso do Holocénico e não necessariamente com um padrão de povoamento caracterizado pela descontinuidade. New radiocarbon dating for the Holocene occupations of the prehistoric site of Prazo (Freixo de Numão, Vila Nova de Foz Côa, Northern Portugal) - Recently, five new radiocarbon dates for the Holocene occupations of the prehistoric site of Prazo were obtained. Four of them show results that are consistent with those previously published. At the moment, there are twenty-six 14C dates that are considered to be valid. These dates assign the supposed Epipalaeolithic to the end of the 10th/ middle of the 9th millennium cal BC; the earliest Mesolithic to the third quarter of the 8th millennium cal BC; the late Mesolithic to the interval between the second quarter of the 7th millennium cal BC and the middle of the 6th millennium cal BC; and the early Neolithic to the interval between the end of the 6th millennium cal BC and an undetermined moment after the third quarter of the 5th millennium cal BC. Among these periods with human occupation there are intervals for which there is no absolute dating. It is suggested that this may be related to the sedimentary dynamics of the site during the Holocene and not necessarily to a settlement pattern characterized by discontinuity.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTIONS OF MONEY IN MODEL MARKETS OF ECONOMY

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1315-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANIRBAN CHAKRABORTI
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Mechanics ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Exponential Tail ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Entire Amount ◽  
Short Time

We study the distributions of money in a simple closed economic system for different types of monetary transactions. We know that for arbitrary and random sharing with locally conserving money transactions, the money distribution goes to the Gibb's distribution of statistical mechanics. We then consider the effects of savings, etc. and see how the distribution changes. We also propose a new model where the agents invest equal amounts of money in each transaction. We find that for short time-period, the money distribution obeys a power-law with an exponent very close to unity, and has an exponential tail; after a very long time, this distribution collapses and the entire amount of money goes to a tiny fraction of the population.

AMS Radiocarbon Dates of Pyroclastic-Flow Deposits on the Southern Slope of the Kuju Volcanic Group, Kyushu, Japan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Okuno ◽  
Shinji Nagaoka ◽  
Yoko Saito-Kokubu ◽  
Toshio Nakamura ◽  
Tetsuo Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyroclastic Flow ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Volcanic Group ◽  
Lava Domes ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe Kuju volcanic group, located in central Kyushu, Japan, consists of small stratovolcanoes and lava domes. To refine the eruptive history of the group, we conducted accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of charcoal fragments from three pyroclastic-flow (PF) deposits on the southern slope. The obtained 14C dates are consistent with the geomorphology, stratigraphy, and thermoluminescence (TL) ages. The Handa PF deposits, which are products of the largest eruption of the group, were dated to ~53.5 ka BP. The Shirani and Muro PF deposits, which are block-and-ash flows, were dated to 44 to >50 cal ka BP and 35–39 cal ka BP, respectively. These ages can be correlated with TL ages for lava domes. This study demonstrates that the lava domes and associated PF deposits formed after the Handa eruption.

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