scholarly journals Fatal Neurologic Disease and Abortion in Mare Infected with Lineage 1 West Nile Virus, South Africa

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietjie Venter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Lineage 2 West Nile Virus as Cause of Fatal Neurologic Disease in Horses, South Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietjie Venter ◽  
Stacey Human ◽  
Dewald Zaayman ◽  
Gertruida H. Gerdes ◽  
June Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Lineage 2 in Horses and Other Animals with Neurologic Disease, South Africa, 2008–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 2060-2064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietjie Venter ◽  
Marthi Pretorius ◽  
James A. Fuller ◽  
Elizabeth Botha ◽  
Mpho Rakgotho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lineage 2

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Clinical Presentation of West Nile Virus Infection in Horses in South Africa, 2016–2017

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Freude-Marié Bertram ◽  
Peter N. Thompson ◽  
Marietjie Venter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Prophylactic Measure ◽  
Neurological Signs

Although West Nile virus (WNV) is endemic to South Africa (RSA), it has only become recognized as a significant cause of neurological disease in humans and horses locally in the past 2 decades, as it emerged globally. This article describes the epidemiological and clinical presentation of WNV in horses across RSA during 2016–2017. In total, 54 WNV-positive cases were identified by passive surveillance in horses with febrile and/or neurological signs at the Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria. They were followed up and compared to 120 randomly selected WNV-negative controls with the same case definition and during the same time period. Of the WNV-positive cases, 52% had fever, 92% displayed neurological signs, and 39% experienced mortality. Cases occurred mostly in WNV-unvaccinated horses <5 years old, during late summer and autumn after heavy rain, in the temperate to warm eastern parts of RSA. WNV-positive cases that had only neurological signs without fever were more likely to die. In the multivariable analysis, the odds of WNV infection were associated with season (late summer), higher altitude, more highly purebred animals, younger age, and failure to vaccinate against WNV. Vaccination is currently the most effective prophylactic measure to reduce WNV morbidity and mortality in horses.

West Nile virus infection of Thoroughbred horses in South Africa (2000-2001)

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. GUTHRIE ◽  
P. G. HOWELL ◽  
I. A. GARDNER ◽  
R. E. SWANEPOEL ◽  
J. P. NURTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses

Determining the rate of underrecognition of West Nile virus neurologic disease in the province of Quebec in 2012

Transfusion ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 1294-1298
Author(s):  
Gilles Delage ◽  
Sophie Dubuc ◽  
Yves Grégoire ◽  
Anne-Marie Lowe ◽  
France Bernier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals Full-Genome Sequence of a Neuroinvasive West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Strain from a Fatal Horse Infection in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliet L. D. Mentoor ◽  
Alison B. Lubisi ◽  
Truuska Gerdes ◽  
Stacey Human ◽  
June H. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Lineage 2

We report here the complete genome sequence of a lineage 2 West Nile virus (WNV) strain that resulted in fatal neurological disease in a horse in South Africa. Several recent reports exist of neurological disease associated with lineage 2 WNV in humans and horses in South Africa and Europe; however, there are a lack of sequencing data from recent fatal cases in Southern Africa, where these strains likely originate. A better understanding of the genetic composition of highly neuroinvasive lineage 2 strains may facilitate the identification of putative genetic factors associated with increased virulence.

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Infection in Travelers Returning to United Kingdom from South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivak Parkash ◽  
Kate Woods ◽  
Liana Kafetzopoulou ◽  
Jane Osborne ◽  
Emma Aarons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile Virus Infection ◽  
West Nile

scholarly journals West Nile Virus Encephalomyelitis with Polio-like Paralysis & Nigral Degeneration

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian T. Schafernak ◽  
Eileen H. Bigio
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Neurofibrillary Tangle ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Neurologic Disease ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Postencephalitic Parkinsonism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nigral Degeneration

Background:Patients infected with West Nile virus (WNV) may develop acute neurologic disease, which can be severe or even fatal, including WNV meningitis, encephalitis, and an irreversible acute flaccid paralysis or poliomyelitis-like syndrome. Movement disorders have also been described.Report:We report combined neuronal loss, gliosis, and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the substantia nigra of a 41-year-old man with a history of WNV encephalomyelitis and poliomyelitis-like paralysis.Conclusion:Clinically our patient did not display parkinsonism, however, it is interesting to speculate whether, in the absence of the residual subacute poliomyelitis-like syndrome, the neuropathologic findings could have eventually evolved clinically into WNV-associated postencephalitic parkinsonism.

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