scholarly journals BIODEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL AND LIGNIN-MODIFYING ENZYME ACTIVITY OF WHITE ROT BASIDIOMYCETES

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Tina Jokharidze ◽  
Eva Kachlishvili ◽  
Vladimir Elisashvili
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Lignocellulosic Substrate ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Panus Tigrinus

In the present study, the ability of eighteen white-rot basidiomycetes was evaluated for crude oil biodegradation. Cerrena unicolor strains, Panus tigrinus 433, P. lecometei 903, Pleurotus ostreatus 70, Trametes maxima 403, and T. versicolor 159 showed especially abundant mycelial growth on the surface of agar covered with droplets of crude oil. In the submerged cultivation in the glucose (3 g/L) containing medium, complete decolorization of indicator Resazurin was observed during two weeks in the presence of Bjerkandera adusta 139, C. unicolor 303, Coriolopsis gallica 142, P. ostreatus 70, P. pulmonarius 148, and T. versicolor 159. When artificially oil-polluted soil was inoculated with fungal mycelium pre-grown on a mixture of wheat straw and mandarin peels the maximum degradation rate (65%) was obtained when C. unicolor 305 was incubated in the 1% oil-containing soil for 28 days. At the same cultivation conditions, P. ostreatus 2175 eliminated 43.9% of initial oil when its concentration in the soil was increased to 2%. In the lignocellulose-containing soil, neither glucose nor yeast extract enhanced oil degradation, but wetting of soil with the distilled water to maintain its humidity favored oil elimination. The tested WRB secreted lignin-modifying enzymes in the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons; the higher was the concentration of lignocellulosic substrate in the soil the higher was the fungi enzyme activity. However, the data received did not show any direct relationship between the fungi enzyme activity and the degree of oil elimination. Key words: mycoremediation, crude oil, basidiomycetes, cultivation conditions, lignin-modifying enzymes

scholarly journals Biosurfactant-Producing Bacteria Isolated from Oil Contaminated Soil and its Media Optimization for Enzyme Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1613-1619
Author(s):  
S. Chithra
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Significant Difference

Oil bio-degradation mechanism by microorganisms is requested for an effective microbial remediation of soil contamination by oil spills. The current examination pointed the identification of a biosurfactant producing bacteria for biosurfactant production from oil contaminated sites from Tamil Nadu. The biosurfactant testing screening methods were used to screen the potent strains and sequencing studies were used for Pseudomonas species identification. The bacterial isolate BS17 subjected to be the potent enzyme (Protease, Lipase and Esterase) producer. Among the tested production media, the ground nut oil cake was identified to be the optimum media for protease (0.47069 Unit/ml), lipase (9 Unit/ml) and esterase activity (3.891 Unit/ml) for bacterial isolate BS17. The bacterial isolate BS17 showed greatest lipase (15 Unit/mL) protease (0.8067 Unit/mL) and esterase (4.756 Unit/mL) enzyme activity at pH 9.0. At 35 ℃ bacterial isolate BS17 showed greatest enzyme action in protease (1.2772 Unit/mL), lipase (17 Unit/mL) and esterase (5.2972 Unit/mL) enzyme activity. At 48hrs of incubation period bacterial isolate BS17 showed most extreme enzyme activity in protease (3.361 Unit/mL), lipase (28 Unit/mL) and esterase (8.918 Unit/mL). The sequence of BS17 was deposited in NCBI and Accession number was received [MT337593.1]. Statistical analysis with the minimum significant difference (LSD) test of ANOVA was carried out to determine the oil degradation efficiency. This paper demonstrated the isolated P. aeruginosa (BS17) crude oil biodegradation from oil contaminated land soil sample. Strain BS17 was proved as potent bio-surfactant producer using crude oil by utilizing carbon and energy source in oil degradation mechanism.

scholarly journals Effects of Dispersants and Biosurfactants on Crude-Oil Biodegradation and Bacterial Community Succession

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200
Author(s):  
Gareth E. Thomas ◽  
Jan L. Brant ◽  
Pablo Campo ◽  
Dave R. Clark ◽  
Frederic Coulon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Niche Partitioning ◽  
Hydrocarbon Biodegradation ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Response ◽  
Oil Biodegradation ◽  
Interfacial Surface ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Oil Spill Response

This study evaluated the effects of three commercial dispersants (Finasol OSR 52, Slickgone NS, Superdispersant 25) and three biosurfactants (rhamnolipid, trehalolipid, sophorolipid) in crude-oil seawater microcosms. We analysed the crucial early bacterial response (1 and 3 days). In contrast, most analyses miss this key period and instead focus on later time points after oil and dispersant addition. By focusing on the early stage, we show that dispersants and biosurfactants, which reduce the interfacial surface tension of oil and water, significantly increase the abundance of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, and the rate of hydrocarbon biodegradation, within 24 h. A succession of obligate hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria (OHCB), driven by metabolite niche partitioning, is demonstrated. Importantly, this succession has revealed how the OHCB Oleispira, hitherto considered to be a psychrophile, can dominate in the early stages of oil-spill response (1 and 3 days), outcompeting all other OHCB, at the relatively high temperature of 16 °C. Additionally, we demonstrate how some dispersants or biosurfactants can select for specific bacterial genera, especially the biosurfactant rhamnolipid, which appears to provide an advantageous compatibility with Pseudomonas, a genus in which some species synthesize rhamnolipid in the presence of hydrocarbons.

Efficiency and Kinetics of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) Removal from Crude Oil Polluted Arable Soil using Palm Bunch Ash and Tween 80

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Godwin James Udo ◽  
Nnanake-Abasi O. Offiong ◽  
Alfreda Nwadinigwe ◽  
Clement O. Obadimu ◽  
Aniedi E. Nyong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Palm Bunch

Crude oil biodegradation potential of biosurfactant-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Meyerozyma sp.

2021 ◽  
pp. 126276
Author(s):  
Ramla Rehman ◽  
Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali ◽  
Naeem Ali ◽  
Malik Badshah ◽  
Mazhar Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Biodegradation

Biodegradation of different petroleum hydrocarbons by free and immobilized microbial consortia

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2022-2033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Shen ◽  
Yongrui Pi ◽  
Mutai Bao ◽  
Nana Xu ◽  
Yiming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Biodegradation Rate

The biodegradation rate of crude oil by semi-coke immobilized microbial consortia was higher than that by free microbial consortia.

scholarly journals Trametes suaveolens as ligninolytic enzyme producer

2013 ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Knezevic ◽  
Ivan Milovanovic ◽  
Mirjana Stajic ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzyme ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Phenol Red

Species of the genus Trametes represent one of the most efficient lignin-degraders which can be attributed to a well developed ligninolytic enzyme system. Current trends are screening of ability of new species to produce these enzymes, as well as the optimization of conditions for their overproduction. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the potential of T. suaveolens to synthesize laccase and Mn-oxidizing peroxidases during fermentation of the selected plant raw materials. Level of enzyme activities was measured on 7, 10 and 14th day of submersion, as well as the solid-state fermentation of wheat straw and oak sawdust in the presence of NH4NO3 in previously determined optimal nitrogen concentration of 25 mM. The enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically using ABTS and phenol red as the substrates. The highest level of laccase activity (1087.1 U/L) was noted after 7 days of wheat straw solid-state fermentation, while during the submerged cultivation the production of the enzyme was not noted. Submerged cultivation in oak sawdust-enriched medium was the optimal for activity of Mn-dependent peroxidase (1767.7 U/L on day 14) and Mn-independent peroxidase (1113.7 U/L on day 7). Introduction of T. suaveolens to produce ligninolytic enzyme represented the base for further study, as well as the determination of relation between enzyme activity and rate of lignin degradation. It could lead to greater possibility of fungal species selection with high delignification capacity, which could take participation in sustainable production of food, feed, fibres, and energy, environmentally friendly pollution prevention, and bioremediation.

scholarly journals First Report of Botryosphaeria dothidea and B. obtusa on Apple in Bolivia

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Kaiser ◽  
G. M. Rivero V. ◽  
E. Valverde B. ◽  
L. Yerkes
Keyword(s):  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Black Rot ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Mycelial Plug ◽  
Apple Tissue ◽  
Cork Borer

Gala and Winter Banana apples are important commercial crops in Azurduy and Lima Bamba, which are located in the Department (state) of Chuquisaca, Bolivia. White or bot rot (causal agent Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.:Fr.) Ces. De. Not. [anamorph Fusicoccum aesculi Corda]) and black rot (causal agent B. obtusa (Schwein.) Shoemaker [anamorph Sphaeropsis malorum Berk.]) have not been reported previously from Bolivia. Both fungi were isolated from apple fruit and branch cankers in Azurduy, but only B. dothidea was isolated from rotted fruit and limb cankers in Lima Bamba. Both fungi also were isolated from rotted Gala and Winter Banana fruit purchased in the markets in Sucre, Bolivia. Symptoms on fruit consisted of light-to-dark brown lesions that ranged from 3- to 8-cm in diameter. Cankers on limbs were sunken and reddish brown and ranged from 2 to 25+ cm in length and 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter. Neither pathogen produced pycnidia in lesions on rotted fruit, but they often developed in branch cankers. Pseudothecia of B. dothidea and B. obtusa were not observed. Identification of both pathogens was based on descriptions of their anamorphic stages (1). To fulfill Koch's postulates, four healthy Gala apple fruit were inoculated with two isolates of each pathogen by wounding the opposite faces of surface-disinfected fruit with a 5-mm-diameter cork borer and inserting mycelial plugs of the pathogens. Plugs were obtained from the margins of cultures growing on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Wounds were made on the opposite sides of each fruit, a mycelial plug of one of the pathogens was inserted in one wound, and on the opposite side, a plug of sterile PDA was inserted as a control. Each plug containing fungal mycelium or sterile PDA was covered with a plug of trimmed apple tissue, and the apple fruit were incubated in a moist chamber at 17 to 20°C for 10 days. Six branches on two young apple trees growing outdoors in a nursery were inoculated in a similar manner with one isolate of each pathogen: bark was wounded with a 5-mm-diameter cork borer, and the wounded area was inoculated with a plug of PDA containing the pathogen or a plug of sterile PDA for the control. The inoculated sites were wrapped with masking tape to prevent dehydration. Within 10 days, all fruit wounds inoculated with isolates of each pathogen developed brown lesions up to 5 cm in diameter. Each pathogen was reisolated from tissues in which it had been inoculated, but not from any of the noninoculated control sites. Within 6 to 8 weeks, all but one wound on branches inoculated with each pathogen developed depressed canker lesions up to 2 cm in length. Each pathogen was reisolated from the canker produced by inoculation with that pathogen, but not from any of the control sites. Reference: (1) T. B. Sutton. White rot and black rot. Pages 16–20 in: Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases, A. L. Jones and H. S. Aldwinckle, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1991.

Effects of Nutrient Source and Supply on Crude Oil Biodegradation in Continuous-Flow Beach Microcosms

2006 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Wrenn ◽  
Kathryn L. Sarnecki ◽  
Eugene S. Kohar ◽  
Kenneth Lee ◽  
Albert D. Venosa
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Oil Biodegradation
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