scholarly journals Uji Resistensi Antibiotik dan Deteksi Gen Plasmid IncHI1 Salmonella typhi Isolat Jayapura

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rini S. Kelanit ◽  
Dirk Y.P. Runtuboi ◽  
Tri Gunaedi
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Plasmid Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

The research on antibiotic resistance test and detection of gene Plasmid IncHI1 1 Salmonella typhi isolates of Jayapura have been conducted in January to August 2015. The purpose of this study is to determine antibiotic resistance patterns and detect the presence ofS. typhi IncHI1 plasmid genes in Jayapura.The method of study was the laboratory analytic where ninety two samples were culture tested and S. typhi identified was tested using disc diffusion method of Kirby Bouer to see any resistance toward 18 antibiotics. Plasmids of S. typhi then were extracted using method of Kado-Liu. To ensure the presence of S. typhi DNA, the testof flagellin gen detection had been done using Nested PCR followed by gene Inchi1 S. typhi detection. The results showed that among 8 isolates of S. typhi, there has been a Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) of 7 samples (87.5%) with varying resistance patterns where the most resistant antibiotics are Amoxicillin 100% (8 isolates), Cefazolin 75% (6 isolates), Ampicillin 75% (6 isolates), Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoksazol 62.5% (5 isolates), Amikacin 62.5% (5 isolates), Gentamicin 50% (4 isolates) and Ampisillin–Sulbactam 50% (4 isolates). The most sensitive antibiotics is Meropenem is 87.5% (7 isolates). PCR test results showed that there were no genes of IncHI1 S. typhi in Jayapura.Key words: Salmonella typhi, gen IncHI1, antibiotic resistance, Jayapura.

scholarly journals Report of Antibiotic Resistance in Urban and Rural Wastewaters from West Bengal, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 274-285
Author(s):  
Meesha Singh ◽  
Rupsha Karmakar ◽  
Sayak Ganguli ◽  
Mahashweta Mitra Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Aims: This study aims at comparative identification of antibiotic resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from samples collected from rural environment (LS) and urban environments (SS). Metagenomic profiling gave us insights into the microbial abundance of the two samples. This study focused on culture-based methods for complete identification of antibiotic resistant isolates and estimation of comparative antibiotic resistance among the two samples. Study Design: Untreated medical waste and anthropogenic waste disposal can lead to the propagation of different antibiotic resistant strains in wastewater environments both in urban and rural set ups which provide an insight towards this study approach mentioned in the methodology segment. Place and Duration of Study: Sewer system of a medical facility located in Purulia, India was the collection site for liquid sludge. Solid sludge and associated wastewater were collected in vicinity of a large urban medical facility from central Kolkata, India. Methodology: Physico-chemical properties were analyzed followed by microbiological and biochemical characterization. The antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay. Potent multidrug resistant isolates were identified using 16srRNA gene amplification followed by Phylogenetic profiling, using CLC Genomics workbench. Results: We observed maximum resistance in an E. coli isolate which was resistant up to 22 antibiotics. Combined data for resistance from urban and rural samples were found to exhibit 83.9% resistance to beta lactams, 85.7% to macrolides, 44.2% to fluoroquinolones, 50% to glycopeptides and cephalosporins, 35.7 % to carbapenems and sulfonamides, 28.5 % to tetracycline, and 23.8 % to aminoglycosides. Conclusion: The high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria harbouring diverse resistance traits across samples indicated towards probable horizontal gene transfer across environmental niches. This study can prove to be useful to understand and map the patterns of resistance and stringently apply the counter measures related to public health practices.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile and sensitivity pattern of neonatal sepsis

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Rowshan Jahan Akhter ◽  
Md Mahbubul Hoque ◽  
BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽  
MAK Azad Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Introduction : Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in NICU setup and a major challenge for the neonatologists. The prevalent organisms and their antibiotic resistance patterns evolve with time and with the usage of antimicrobials.Aims and Objectives : To analyze the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns of proven neonatal sepsis cases in Dhaka Shishu Hospital.Materials and Methods : The study was Prospective observational study. All the clinically suspected cases of Neonatal Sepsis admitted to the Neonatal word from January 2015 to December 2015 were included in the study. Clinically suspected cases of neonatal sepsis further evaluated with blood cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Data was collected for the following variables: Demographic profile, haematological profile, blood culture result and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.Results : Total 96 cases clinically suspected neonatal sepsis were included in the study. Among them 29 cases (30.21%) was culture positive septicemia. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common isolate accounting for 31.03% cases followed by Escherichia coli 27.59%. In Klebsiella infection most common sensitivity were Imipenum and Ciprofloxacin which were 77.78 and 33.33% respectively. In E.coli common sensitive drugs were Imipenum and Amikacin. In serratia common sensitive drugs were Imipenum, Netlmicin and Ciprofloxacin.Conclusion : K. pneumoniae was the most common pathogen. Most common sensitivity was Imipenum, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Netlmicin, and Ceftazidime,.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.8(1) July 2016: 174-177

scholarly journals Multiple drug resistance patterns and plasmid profiles of non-typhi salmonellae in Turkey

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. YILDIRMAK ◽  
A. YAZGAN ◽  
G. OZCENGIZ
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Frequent Patterns ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

A total of 259 clinical isolates of nonrepetitive non-typhi salmonellae (NTS) were examined for antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid content. The antibiotics used were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AM), aztreonam (ATM), carbenicillin (CB), cefixime (CFM), cefotaxime (CTX), cefoxitin (FOX), ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftriaxone (CRO), chloramphenicol (C), ciprofloxacin (CIP), gentamicin (GM), imipenem (IPM), ofloxacin (OFX), tetracycline (TE), trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole (SXT). Multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains comprised 19·3% of the total isolates (50/259) and almost all were S. typhimurium (49/50). Fifteen different patterns of resistance was observed, AM/CB/C/AMC/TE and AM/CB/C/AMC/SXT/GM/CTX/CRO/CAZ/CFM/ATM being the most frequent patterns. Twenty-eight out of 50 multiresistant isolates were found to contain at least one plasmid (mean five) and the size of the plasmids ranged between 1·7 and 158 kb. Plasmid profiles of multi-resistant NTS strains were heterogenous as 21 different profiles were detected in a total of 28 plasmid-bearing isolates. No direct correlation was established between antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profiles.

scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Iranian Paper Currency and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Firoozeh ◽  
Ehsan Dadgostar ◽  
Hussein Akbari ◽  
Mohammad Zibaei ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Sadjjad Sadjjadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: Paper banknotes would be a vector for transmission of pathogenic microorganisms through handling. Objective: This study aimed to determine bacterial contamination of Iranian paper currencies in circulation and their antibiotic resistance patterns. Materials and Methods: In this study, 337 currency notes of different value were collected from markets, shops, restaurants, bus stations and banks in Kashan, Iran during April 2015 to March 2016. The currency notes transferred to microbiology laboratory and were tested for bacterial contamination using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic resistance patterns of isolated bacteria were determined by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards. The results and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Of 337 currency notes, 262 (77.7%) were identified with bacterial contamination. Bacteria isolated from currency notes were as follows: Bacillus spp 113 (43.1%), coagulase-negative staphylococci 99 (37.7%), Escherichia coli 20 (7.6%), Enterococci species 14 (5.3%), Staphylococcus aureus 8 (3.1%), Klebsiella spp 4 (1.5%), Shigella species 2 (0.8%), and Pseudomonas species 2 (0.8%). The most and least contaminated currency notes were 50000 and 500 Rials, respectively. The highest resistance rates in gram-negative rods were against nalidixic acid, and ampicillin. However, the highest resistance rates in S. aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and Enterococci species were against ampicillin, erythromycin and tetracycline. Conclusion: Our study revealed that the bacterial contamination among Iranian paper currency in circulation especially those obtained from certain sources including shops and bus stations is high and in most cases these bacterial isolates are antibiotic-resistant strains.

scholarly journals Resistance to Azithromycin and β-Lactam Antibiotics by Clinical Isolates of E. coli Isolated from Dhaka, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Sunjukta Ahsan ◽  
Mayen Uddin ◽  
Juthika Mandal ◽  
Marufa Zerin Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Ready Availability ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Antibiotic resistant E. coli are prevalent in Bangladesh. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials and ready availability of over the counter drugs are responsible for this. This study was conducted to investigate the susceptibility of clinical Escherichia coli to the antibiotics Imipenem, Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Azithromycin. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine sensitivity to antimicrobials. Agar based assay was employed for the detection of efflux pumps. PCR was used amplify antibiotic resistance genes.All isolates were resistant to Ceftriaxone whereas most were sensitive to Imipenem. The MICs of Ceftazidime and Azithromycin ranged between 128 μg/ml and 256 μg/ml. The prevalence of ²-lactamase producers was 57.89 % with 36.84 % of the isolates exhibiting ESBL activity. No specific correlation could be found between plasmid sizes and antibiotic resistance patterns. Efflux pump was found to be involved in Azithromycin resistance in 63.15% of the isolates. The gene for phosphotransferase, mph(A) was the most common among the macrolide modifying genes, being present in 73.68% (14/19) of the isolates followed by both erm(A) anderm(C) esterases each present in 10.53% (2/19) isolates. This study concluded that clinical isolates of E. coli in Bangladesh could be resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics through different mechanisms of resistance. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 34 Number 2 December 2017, pp 61-66

scholarly journals Serotipos y resistencia antibiótica en Shigella spp aisladas de infecciones intestinales, Lima, 2012

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-42
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Shigella Sonnei ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Intestinal Infections ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Serotipos y resistencia antibiótica en Shigella spp aisladas de infecciones intestinales, Lima, 2012 Serotypes and antibiotic resistance in Shigella spp. isolated from intestinal infections, Lima, 2012 César E. Guerrero Barrantes1, Alfredo Guillén O.1, Roberto Rojas L1, Nora Bravo2 & Paola Muñoz1 1 Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Facultad de Tecnología Médica, Lima 10 2 Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Lima 10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2013.0005/ Resumen Se ha descrito que la distribución mundial de los serogrupos de Shigella no es igual en las distintas regiones. El objetivo es determinar los serotipos, la frecuencia de éstos y el patrón de resistencia a los antimicrobianos de los cultivos de Shigella  spp. aislados de infecciones intestinales.  Se evaluaron 75 cultivos   de  Shigella spp., identificados bioquímicamente y serológicamente, tanto su serogrupo como su serotipo, por aglutinación en lámina.  Los patrones de resistencia antibiótica se determinaron mediante el método de difusión de disco en agar. De los 75 cultivos de Shigella, 54 fueron Shigella flexneri (72%) y 21 Shigella sonnei (28%). De los 54 cultivos de Shigella flexneri, el 48,15% resultó ser del serotipo 2a, seguidos por los serotipos 1b y 6 con el 12,96% cada uno, luego el serotipo 3a con 11,11% y por último los serotipos 1a, 4b y 2b, con 5,56%, 5,56% y 3,70%, respectivamente. La resistencia antibiótica observada en los cultivos de Shigella, independientemente del serogrupo, fue muy frecuente para Sulfametoxazol Trimetoprim, ampicilina, cloranfenicol y tetraciclina; además, algunos cultivos fueron resistentes a Aztreonam, Furazolidona y Amoxicilina-Acido Clavulánico. Los serotipos de Shigella flexneri desde infecciones intestinales, en Lima, son 2a – 1b – 6 –3a – 1a – 4b – 2b; el más frecuente es el 2a, seguido por el 1b y 6 y el patrón de resistencia observado en Shigella spp, fue elevado para sulfametoxazol-Trimetoprim, Tetraciclina, Cloranfenicol y Ampicilina. Descriptores: Shigella, serotypes, resistance. Abstract The global distribution of serogroups in Shigella is not equal across regions. The objective is to determine  serotypes, the frequency and pattern of resistance to antimicrobial agents of cultures of Shigella spp. isolated from intestinal infections.  The  75 cultures of Shigella spp., identified biochemically and serologically, were evaluated for serogroup and serotype, by agglutination on slide.  Antibiotic resistance patterns were determined by disk agar diffusion method. Of the 75 strains of Shigella, 54 were Shigella flexneri (72%) and 21 Shigella sonnei (28%). Of the 54 strains of Shigella flexneri, 48,15% proved serotype 2a, while 12,96% corresponded  to the 1b and 6 serotypes  one each,  than the serotype 3a with 11,11%, and finally the serotypes 1a, 4b and 2b, with 5.56%, 5,56 and  3,70%, respectively.  Antibiotic resistance observed in cultures of Shigella, regardless of the serogroup, was very frequent for Sulfametoxazol Trimetoprim, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline; in addition, some strains were resistant for Aztreonam, furazolidone and amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid. The serotypes of Shigella flexneri from intestinal infections, in Lima, are 2a - 1b - 6- 3a - 1a - 4b -2b; the most frequent is the 2a, followed by 1b and 6 serotypes, and the resistance pattern observed in Shigella spp., was elevated to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Keywords: Shigella, serotypes, resistance.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antibiotic resistance patterns and heavy metals tolerance of some bacteria isolated from contaminated soils and sediments from Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
A.F. Eghomwanre ◽  
N.O. Obayagbona ◽  
O Osarenotor ◽  
B.J. Enagbonma
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
River Sediments ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

This work investigated the antibiotic resistance patterns and heavy metals such as Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Cadmium (Cd) and iron (Fe) tolerance of selected bacteria isolated from contaminated soils and sediments around Warri area of Delta State. The heterotrophic bacterial counts for the sampled soils and sediments ranged from 1.7×105 cfu/g to 5.7×105cfu/g for Ubeji river sediments, 1.0×105 cfu/g to 9.0×105cfu/g for spare parts dumpsite and 1.2×104cfu/g to 9.0×104 cfu/g for Ifie depot sites respectively. The characterized bacterial isolates included; Klebsiella sp, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella mobilis and Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus sp. and Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Bacterial isolates showed multiple drug resistance and the most resistant isolates were S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeroginosa while K. mobilis exhibited the least resistance. The tolerance of the bacterial isolates exposed to varying concentrations of Pb2+, Cd2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+was ascertained using agar diffusion method. All the bacterial isolates exhibited varying degree of susceptibility at different concentrations of Pb and Cd while the organisms displayed abundant and moderate growth in the presence of Fe and Zn even at higher concentrations. The ability of these bacteria to resist antibiotics and heavy metal tolerance could present serious danger to the environment as the resistance genes may be transferred to surrounding wild type microbial cells.Keywords: Heavy metals, Antibiotics resistance, tolerance, Ubeji river sediments, Warri

scholarly journals MULTIDRUG-RESISTANCE PATTERNS AND DETECTION OF PstS GENE IN CLINICAL ISOLATES OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA FROM NSUKKA, SOUTHEAST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
MARTINA C AGBO ◽  
IFEOMA M EZEONU ◽  
ANTHONY C IKE ◽  
CELESTINA C UGWU
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Objective: This study was aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and to detect the presence of PstS gene. Methods: One hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 16S rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected antibiotics against resistant isolates were determined by macro broth dilution and E-test strip methods. The resistant isolates were screened for the presence of PstS gene using PCR. Results: Of 192 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, 136 (70.83%) were resistant to at least two antibiotics. Of these, 135 (99%) could be classified as multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDR-PA), 63 (46%) were extensively drug-resistant (XDR-PA), while 38 (28%) were pandrug-resistant (PDR-PA). The isolates exhibited high level of resistance to cefotaxime and ticarcillin, and low levels of resistance to meropenem and imipenem. The MIC values for meropenem against the resistant isolates were generally <32 mg/L, while the values for other antibiotics ranged from 32 to >128 mg/L. Multiple antibiotic resistance indexes of the MDR-PA ranged from 0.27 to 0.91 and the most prevalent pattern of resistance was PiperacillinR – TicarcillinR – Piperacillin/TazobactamR – CefotaximeR – CeftazidimeR – GentamicnR – TobramycinR– CiprofloxacinR. About 50% of the resistant isolates possessed the PstS gene. Conclusions: The results confirmed the presence of XDR, PDRPA, and PstS gene in P. aeruginosa strains. There is an urgent need for healthcare practitioners to address the problem of multidrug resistance, by implementing a more rational and appropriate use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern against E. coli and Salmonella spp. in Environmental Effluents

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Hassan ◽  
M Ahaduzzaman ◽  
M Alam ◽  
MS Bari ◽  
KB Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Hospitals (medical & veterinary) and slaughterhouse effluents were the most contaminating effluents and need to be paid more attention due to pathogenic bacteria related to animal and public health concern. Two bacterial isolates such as E. coli and Salmonella from six medical hospitals, five veterinary hospitals and five slaughter houses were isolated to find out the antibiotic resistance pattern by using disc diffusion method. The antibiotic resistance patterns of identified isolates showed that Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Colistin, Erythromycin, Oxytetracycline were 100%, Doxycycline was 83%, Gentamycin was 50% and Neomycin was 33% resistance to medical isolates and Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Pefloxacin and Erythromycin were 100%, Ciprofloxacin was 40%, Colistin was 60%, Doxycycline was 80%, Gentamycin was 20%; Neomycin and Oxytetracycline 80% resistance to veterinary hospital isolates and Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Colistin, Oxytetracycline, Gentamycin, Doxycycline and Erythromycin were 100% and Neomycin was 40% resistance to slaughter houses isolates of E. coli. The level of resistance of Salmonella positive isolates was found Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Gentamycin and Erythromycin to 100%, Ciprofloxacin was 67%, Oxytetracycline was 33% but Colistin and Neomycin was found sensitive to the isolates from both medical and veterinary hospital. Results indicated that hospitals and slaughter houses waste effluent has multiple-antibiotic resistance against E. coli and Salmonella.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(2) 52-58

scholarly journals Relationship Between Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and O-Serogroups in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Iraqi Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Jassim Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed Allami ◽  
Mohammadreza Sharifmoghaddam ◽  
Masoumeh Bahreini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Background: The O-antigen is one of the uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) virulence factors used as a biomarker to classify E. coli strains. Objectives: In this study, the relationship between antibiotic resistance patterns and O-serogroups was investigated in UPEC strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in southern Iraq. Methods: Methods: A total of 100 UPEC isolates from the urine specimens of patients with UTIs within the age range of 4 months to 78 years in various southern Iraqi hospitals were collected (May 2017 to January 2018) and confirmed using biochemical tests (e.g., Analytical Profile Index 20E). Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The multiple polymerase chain reaction technique was applied to investigate the prevalence of O-serogroups. Results: Results: The most frequent serogroups in the E. coli isolates were O8 (27.7%) and O25 (24.4%); however, serogroup O83 was not observed in the samples. Serogroups O75, O6, O16, and O18 had the lowest frequency (1.1%) among the examined isolates. Furthermore, 10% of the isolates did not belong to any of the examined serogroups. The phenotypic tests showed that the highest and the lowest resistance belonged to piperacillin (92%) and imipenem (5%), respectively. Serogroups O4 and O21 showed the highest drug resistance; nevertheless, serogroups O75, O18, and O1 showed the lowest drug resistance. Additionally, 94% of the isolates were resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics. Conclusions: Conclusion: According to the results, UPEC isolates showed high resistance to common antibiotics; however, they were sensitive to imipenem and amikacin. Serogroups O8 and O25 were the most common among UPEC isolates. Moreover, O4 and O21 showed the highest drug resistance. There was a direct relationship between antimicrobial resistance and O-serogroups in UPEC isolates.

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