scholarly journals Analysis the Strength of Mild Steel Material on a Handcycle Bike Frame

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Andika Wisnujati ◽  
◽  
Rela Adi Himarosa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Stress Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Static Loads ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Bicycle Frame

The frame is one of the most important parts in a series of constituents of a bicycle. The materials for making bicycle frames usually use tight and strong materials such as stainless steel, carbon and titanium. Mild steel is steel with low carbon, which is about 0.05-0.30%. After conducting a tensile test on the mild steel material used on the handcycle bicycle frame, the highest stress results were 1,093.87 N/mm² and the highest strain was 0.167%. For the results of stress analysis contained in the autodesk inverter, the von mesess results are obtained for men weighing 70 kg von mesess maximum 1400 mpa and women weighing 60 kg 1200 mpa. The maximum displacement generated for men weighing 70 kg 96.63 mm and women weighing 60 kg 82.83 mm. For the safety factor obtained based on the safety number from Dobrovolsky for static loads, the safety number is 1.25-2; dynamic load 2-3 shock load 3-5 while the safety rate that occurs in the load is 0.15 for men weighing 70 kg and 0.16 for women weighing 60 kg. So the handcycle bikes that we made are safe to ride because the results obtained are still below existing standards.

Study on the Strain Hardening Exponent N under the Ultrasonic Action and Establishment of Constitutive Equation

2014 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Lin Chao An ◽  
Xue Li Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Manganese Steel ◽  
Strain Hardening Exponent ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ultrasonic Action

The relationship between N and strain hardening exponent curve are obtained by the tensile test of the stainless steel, low carbon steel, medium manganese steel under the ultrasonic action, it is concluded that hardening exponent n of low carbon steel is constant; Hardening exponent N stainless steel has a certain relation with the strain, show the parabolic variation; Strain index N and strain of high manganese steel is linear change. Establish the constitutive equation of low carbon steel under normal and ultrasonic frequency, This equation provides a theoretical basis for the tensile test of low carbon steel, provided with guiding significance and reference value for the application of low carbon steel in engineering practice.

scholarly journals Interlayer Effect on Connection of Mild Steel ST37 and Stainless Steel 201 on Rotary Friction Welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Yohanes Yohanes ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Heriansyah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rotary Friction Welding

Friction welding is a type of solid state welding where the welding process is carried out in a solid phase to combine various types of ferrous and non-ferrous metals that cannot be welded by the fusion welding method but for welding different metals the welding results are less than optimal due to cracks on the surface of the welding results and differences in mechanical properties that cause the welding result to be brittle, therefore an interlayer is used. In this study, observations were made on the process and results of the joint friction welding using dissimilar metal material between mild steel ST37 and stainless steel 201 with copper interlayer. The results of the test will be a tensile test to see the maximum tensile strength and a hardness test to see the hardness value of the interlayer variation of 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm and without an interlayer. The conclusions obtained are: (1) The effect of the addition of an interlayer on the rotary friction welding process includes the friction phase, the forging phase and the results of welding parameters in the form of motor power, motor angular speed, the change in specimen length is greater without using an interlayer compared to using an interlayer while the duration of welding time is greater using an interlayer than without using an interlayer. (2) The maximum tensile test results were obtained at the 1 mm interlayer at 482.43 MPa and the maximum hardness test results obtained at the 1 mm interlayer were 321.34 VHN.

scholarly journals Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steel Material by Gas Nitriding Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01181
Author(s):  
K. Ramya Sree ◽  
D. Raguraman ◽  
J. Saranya ◽  
Animesh Bain ◽  
V. Srinivas Viswanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Case Depth ◽  
Nitriding Process ◽  
Dry Sliding Wear ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Gas Nitriding ◽  
Steel Material

In industries, components must operate under extreme conditions such as high load, speed, temperature and chemical environment. Materials are selected according to commercial availability, cost and their properties such as strength, hardness, etc. AISI 904L is a high-alloy stainless steel with low carbon content, poor surface hardness and wear characteristics. Many engineering failures are caused by fatigue, corrosion, and poor wear resistance, begins at the surface level. This causes cracks in the surface, reducing the material’s life. The surfaces of the materials were subjected to severe thermal, chemical, and shock loads. The selected AISI 904L materials for this work were subjected to gas nitriding process and processed with 3 different time parameters such as 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours respectively and named as GN1, GN2 and GN3. The treatments were done at a constant temperature of 650°C. Gas nitriding, in comparison to other nitriding processes such as plasma and liquid nitriding, provides good dimensional stability, reduced deformation, and uniform case depth regardless of the size and shape of the specimen. To analyze the wear properties, a pin on a disc machine is used. Finally, metallographic studies were performed by scanning electron microscopy.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGELASAN GTAW PADA LOGAM BIMETAL PLAT BAJA KARBON RENDAH DAN STAINLESS STEEL TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK SAMBUNGAN LAS

INFO-TEKNIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Lisa Agustriyana ◽  
Sarjiyana Sarjiyana ◽  
Suyanta Suyanta
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Material

Stainless steel material (stainless steel) is used in the home industry and the military industry, and also in the nuclear industry. Steel material is divided into five types, namely austenite, ferrite, martensite, duplex and precipitation hardening. Ferritic stainless steel is an attractive alternative in vehicle production because of its corrosion resistance. Different metals have different characteristics from one another, so the welding process of dissimilar metals requires certain techniques. The purpose of this study is to determine the tensile strength of welds in bimetallic welding between low carbon steel plates and stainless-steel plates and to know the hardness of welds in bimetal welding between low carbon steel plates and stainless-steel plates using GTAW welding. The research method used: this research is part of the testing of technical materials conducted by the destructive test method with the category of science and technology development in the field of Mechanical Engineering. There is a trend of increasing tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of bimetallic welding of low carbon steel plates and stainless-steel plates using GTAW welding, that the greater the welding amperes will increase tensile strength, yield strength and hardness. The highest tensile strength was 41.18 Kg / mm2 and the highest yield strength was 41.16 Kgf / mm2 at 60 amperes and the highest hardness was 571.01 BHN at 55 amperes with the corresponding amperage range from the usage table 45 - 65 amperes. In the HAZ area when compared to the parent material, the HAZ area hardness is higher than the parent material and lower than the weld filler.

scholarly journals Development and testing of a motorized cassava fufu pounding machine

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Caesar Puoza ◽  
Frimpong Opoku ◽  
Bernard Aboagye
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Steel Sheet ◽  
Stainless Steel Sheet ◽  
Output Capacity ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Principal Parts ◽  
Main Frame

A motorized cassava fufu pounding machine was developed and tested. The machine principal parts were hopper, throat, pounding compartment, discharge outlet, main frame, electric motor seat, auger, shaft and pulleys. Mild steel material and stainless steel sheet were used in the fabrication based on its availability, strength, appearance, cost, and corrosion resistance. The machine is powered by a 5hp electric motor; the dimension of the machine is 1010mm × 600mm × 930mm (length × breadth × height). Output capacity of 120kg/hr was obtained. The machine is affordable and easy to operate and manage. It is therefore recommended for the restaurants, chop bars and households to prepare a good and hygienic fufu thereby solving the problem of energy sapping and time wasting in manual fufu pounding.

Estimation of Some Mechanical Properties for Similar & Dissimilar Welded Joints

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Abdullah Daie'e Assi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Dissimilar Metals ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Type

This research deals with the choice of the suitable filler metal to weld the similar and dissimilar metals (Low carbon steel type A516 & Austenitic stainless steel type 316L) under constant conditions such as, plate thickness (6 mm), voltage (78 v), current (120 A), straight polarity. This research deals with three major parts. The first parts Four types of electrodes were used for welding of dissimilar metals (C.St A516 And St.St 316L) two from mild steel (E7018, E6013) and other two from austenitic stainless steel (E309L, E308L) various inspection were carried out include (Visual T., X-ray T., δ- Ferrite phase T., and Microstructures T.) and mechanical testing include (tensile T., bending T. and micro hardness T.) The second parts done by used the same parameters to welding similar metals from (C.St A516) Or (St.St 316L). The third parts deals with welding of dissimilar weldments (C.St And St.St) by two processes, gas tungsten are welding (GTAW) and shielded metal are welding (SMAW).        The results indicated that the spread of carbon from low carbon steel to the welding zone in the case of welding stainless steel elect pole (E309L) led to Configuration Carbides and then high hardness the link to high values ​​compared with the base metal. In most similar weldments showed hardness of the welding area is  higher than the hardness of the base metal. The electrode (E309L) is the most suitable to welding dissimilar metals from (C.St A516 With St.St 316L). The results also showed that the method of welding (GTAW) were better than the method of welding (SMAW) in dissimilar welded joints (St.St 316L with C.St A516) in terms of irregular shape and integrity of the welding defects, as well as characterized this weldments the high-lift and resistance ductility good when using the welding conditions are similar.

ATI 441 ALLOY

Alloy Digest ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
System Components ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Abstract ATI 441 is a low-carbon and low-nitrogen ferritic stainless steel with 18 Cr and columbium. The alloy is typically used for exhaust system components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming. Filing Code: SS-1150. Producer or source: Allegheny Technologies Inc..

NIROSTA 4429

Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Nirosta 4429 is a low-carbon, high-nitrogen version of type 316 stainless steel. The low carbon imparts intergranular corrosion resistance while the nitrogen imparts both higher strength and some increased pitting corrosion resistance. It is recommended for use as welded parts that need not or cannot be annealed after welding. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-787. Producer or source: ThyssenKrupp Nirosta.

VALINOX VLX 439L

Alloy Digest ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Stress Corrosion Cracking ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Boiler Water

Abstract VALINOX VLX 439L is a ferritic stainless steel with 18% chromium, low carbon, and titanium stabilization to present an entirely ferritic structure; resistance to corrosion in fresh water, boiler water, and cooling waters; and an almost freedom from stress-corrosion cracking problems due to chlorinated water. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming and heat treating. Filing Code: SS-531. Producer or source: Vallourec Inc..

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