scholarly journals A brief introduction to cone penetration testing (CPT) in frozen geomaterials

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (68) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Investigative Tool ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Polar Snow

AbstractThe cone penetration test has been successfully used to classify soil for ∼100 years. However, it has received only limited contemporary use in frozen geomaterials. The historical and contemporary use of the cone penetration test in various frozen geomaterials is considered here and contemporary data from recent work in polar snow are examined. It is probable that many material physical properties (e.g. density, strength and microstructure) can be obtained directly from cone penetration testing. It appears under-utilized as a contemporary scientific and engineering investigative tool in frozen geomaterials.

Interpretation of cone penetration tests. Part I: Sand

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Robertson ◽  
R. G. Campanella
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Stress History ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Recent Developments

Significant advances have been made in recent years in research, development, interpretation, and application of cone penetration testing. The addition of pore pressure measurements during cone penetration testing has added a new dimension to the interpretation of geotechnical parameters.The cone penetration test induces complex changes in stresses and strains around the cone tip. No one has yet developed a comprehensive theoretical solution to this problem. Hence, the cone penetration test provides indices which can be correlated to soil behaviour. Therefore, the interpretation of cone penetration data is made with empirical correlations to obtain required geotechnical parameters.This paper discusses the significant recent developments in cone penetration testing and presents a summarized work guide for practicing engineers for interpretation for soil classification, and parameters for drained conditions during the test such as relative density, drained shear strength, and deformation characteristics of sand. Factors that influence the interpretation are discussed and guidelines provided. The companion paper, Part II: Clay, considers undrained conditions during the test and summarizes recent developments to interpret parameters for clay soils, such as undrained shear strength, deformation characteristics of clay, stress history, consolidation characteristics, permeability, and pore pressure. The advantages and use of the piezometer cone are discussed as a separate topic in Part II: Clay. The authors' personal experiences and current recommendations are included. Keywords: static cone penetration testing, in situ, interpretation, shear strength, modulus, density, stress history, pore pressures.

Is the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) Useful for Arctic Site Investigation?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian B. McCallum ◽  
Andy Barwise ◽  
Roi S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Site Investigation ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing

A warming Arctic provides increased opportunity for infrastructure development. Although the cone penetration test is used globally for site investigation in unfrozen soils, this discussion paper investigates the use of cone penetration testing to provide in situ data in frozen geomaterials. Historical and contemporary use of cone penetration testing in permafrost, snow, terrestrial ice and sea ice is reviewed, and work conducted across alpine, Arctic and Antarctic environs is considered. Although frozen geomaterials offer challenges to any in situ media assessment, with suitable equipment, cone penetration testing in frozen geomaterials typical of the Arctic is possible.

Cone penetration testing in snow

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo H. J. Schaap ◽  
Paul M. B. Föhn
Keyword(s):  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Resistance ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Chart Recorder ◽  
Special Cone

The application of the electric cone penetrometer test in snow has been investigated and compared with results from the ram penetrometer test, which is normally used for snow profiling and slope stability analysis. A special cone penetrometer system was built consisting of a sensitive 1 cm2 electric cone, depth transducer, and battery-operated chart recorder. The instruments were tested in April 1985 at three different locations in the Swiss Alps and the test results were compared with those of the ram penetrometer tests.The tests yielded repeatable results up to a depth of 4 m with a high resolution of different snow layers. The electric cone tests show more layers than found in the ram profile and snow pit analyses. In soft snow the ram resistances appear to be, on average, about 30% lower than cone resistance values. Recommendations are given for the future use of electric cone penetration testing in snow. Key words: snow, snowpack analysis, cone penetration test, ram penetrometer, cone resistance, ram resistance, ram number.

Cone penetration testing in stiff glacial soils using a downhole cone penetrometer

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-455
Author(s):  
Curtis R. Treen ◽  
Peter K. Robertson ◽  
David J. Woeller
Keyword(s):  
Penetration Resistance ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
Drilling Rigs

Cone penetration testing (CPT) in Canada is usually performed using locally available drilling rigs. The limited pushing capacity of most drilling rigs coupled with the risk of damage to expensive cone penetrometers has tended to restrict the CPT to generally loose or soft soils. Therefore, in regions dominated by stiff glacial soils the more rugged standard penetration test (SPT) is still the most commonly used in situ test during geotechnical investigations. However, there are many limitations with the SPT with respect to interpretation and repeatability, especially the uncertainty with the energy delivered from various SPT hammer anvil systems. A downhole cone penetration test (DCPT) has been developed by modifying the equipment and procedure of the standard electric CPT. The DCPT consists of a simple, inexpensive electric cone penetrometer attached to a 1.5 m (5 ft) length of AW drill rod. The test is performed by pushing the cone 1.5 m into the base of an open borehole to produce a continuous profile of penetration resistance Qc, over the 1.5-m interval or whatever interval penetration is possible. The test incorporates the simplicity, ruggedness, and depth capability of the SPT but is able to define a near-continuous, accurate, and repeatable cone penetration resistance profile. The equipment and procedure of the DCPT is described in detail, and results from a near-continuous DCPT and an adjacent continuous CPT are presented and compared with the results obtained from an adjacent borehole with SPT. Excellent agreement was found between the results of the DCPT and the CPT. Key words : in situ, cone penetration testing, stiff soils.

scholarly journals Identification of local organic soils based on cone penetration test results

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 049-056
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Straż
Keyword(s):  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
In Situ Conditions

This paper presents the results of attempts to identify organic soils on the basis of test results performed under in situ conditions by cone penetration testing (CPT). The results of 439 selected tests were analysed which reflected the behaviour of local organic soils of organic matter ranging from 6,3 to 17,4%. Crucial to soil investigation were values measured of cone resistance (qc) and sleeve friction (fs) and the friction ratio (Rf) estimated according to those values. To identify organic soils, selected criteria were used, proposed among others by: Mayne, Marr, Bergmann, Schmertmann, Capanella and Robertson [2,5]. An analysis showed that an identification of organic soil types in terms of the present classification of standards, in view of the criteria used, is ambiguous and does not allow to identify them precisely by CPT.

scholarly journals Cone Penetration Testing in Polar Snow

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. McCallum ◽  
A. Barwise ◽  
R. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Polar Snow
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