Interpretation of cone penetration tests. Part I: Sand

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Robertson ◽  
R. G. Campanella
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Stress History ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Recent Developments

Significant advances have been made in recent years in research, development, interpretation, and application of cone penetration testing. The addition of pore pressure measurements during cone penetration testing has added a new dimension to the interpretation of geotechnical parameters.The cone penetration test induces complex changes in stresses and strains around the cone tip. No one has yet developed a comprehensive theoretical solution to this problem. Hence, the cone penetration test provides indices which can be correlated to soil behaviour. Therefore, the interpretation of cone penetration data is made with empirical correlations to obtain required geotechnical parameters.This paper discusses the significant recent developments in cone penetration testing and presents a summarized work guide for practicing engineers for interpretation for soil classification, and parameters for drained conditions during the test such as relative density, drained shear strength, and deformation characteristics of sand. Factors that influence the interpretation are discussed and guidelines provided. The companion paper, Part II: Clay, considers undrained conditions during the test and summarizes recent developments to interpret parameters for clay soils, such as undrained shear strength, deformation characteristics of clay, stress history, consolidation characteristics, permeability, and pore pressure. The advantages and use of the piezometer cone are discussed as a separate topic in Part II: Clay. The authors' personal experiences and current recommendations are included. Keywords: static cone penetration testing, in situ, interpretation, shear strength, modulus, density, stress history, pore pressures.

Is the Cone Penetration Test (CPT) Useful for Arctic Site Investigation?

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian B. McCallum ◽  
Andy Barwise ◽  
Roi S. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Site Investigation ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing

A warming Arctic provides increased opportunity for infrastructure development. Although the cone penetration test is used globally for site investigation in unfrozen soils, this discussion paper investigates the use of cone penetration testing to provide in situ data in frozen geomaterials. Historical and contemporary use of cone penetration testing in permafrost, snow, terrestrial ice and sea ice is reviewed, and work conducted across alpine, Arctic and Antarctic environs is considered. Although frozen geomaterials offer challenges to any in situ media assessment, with suitable equipment, cone penetration testing in frozen geomaterials typical of the Arctic is possible.

scholarly journals A brief introduction to cone penetration testing (CPT) in frozen geomaterials

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (68) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Investigative Tool ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Polar Snow

AbstractThe cone penetration test has been successfully used to classify soil for ∼100 years. However, it has received only limited contemporary use in frozen geomaterials. The historical and contemporary use of the cone penetration test in various frozen geomaterials is considered here and contemporary data from recent work in polar snow are examined. It is probable that many material physical properties (e.g. density, strength and microstructure) can be obtained directly from cone penetration testing. It appears under-utilized as a contemporary scientific and engineering investigative tool in frozen geomaterials.

Cone penetration testing in snow

1987 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo H. J. Schaap ◽  
Paul M. B. Föhn
Keyword(s):  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Resistance ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Chart Recorder ◽  
Special Cone

The application of the electric cone penetrometer test in snow has been investigated and compared with results from the ram penetrometer test, which is normally used for snow profiling and slope stability analysis. A special cone penetrometer system was built consisting of a sensitive 1 cm2 electric cone, depth transducer, and battery-operated chart recorder. The instruments were tested in April 1985 at three different locations in the Swiss Alps and the test results were compared with those of the ram penetrometer tests.The tests yielded repeatable results up to a depth of 4 m with a high resolution of different snow layers. The electric cone tests show more layers than found in the ram profile and snow pit analyses. In soft snow the ram resistances appear to be, on average, about 30% lower than cone resistance values. Recommendations are given for the future use of electric cone penetration testing in snow. Key words: snow, snowpack analysis, cone penetration test, ram penetrometer, cone resistance, ram resistance, ram number.

Interpretation of cone penetration tests. Part II: Clay

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Robertson ◽  
R. G. Campanella
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
Penetration Tests

This paper is the second of two parts and presents a summarized work guide for practicing engineers for interpretation of parameters for undrained conditions during the cone penetration test such as, undrained shear strength, overconsolidation ratio, and deformation characteristics of clay. The advantages, use, and interpretation of the piezometer cone are also discussed. Factors that influence the interpretations are discussed and guidelines provided. The companion paper, Part I: Sand, considers drained conditions during the test and summarizes interpretation of parameters such as relative density, friction angle, and deformation characteristics of sand. The authors' personal experiences and current recommendations are included. Keywords: static cone penetration testing, in-situ, interpretation, shear strength, modulus, stress history, pore pressures, permeability, consolidation.

scholarly journals Shearing Rate Effects on Research Centre for Soft Soils (Recess) Clay Using Cone Penetration Test (CPT)

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1555-1559
Author(s):  
Azranasmarazizi Ayob ◽  
Nor Azizi Yusoff ◽  
I. Bakar ◽  
Nur Abidah Azhar ◽  
Ameer Nazrin Abd Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Shear Strain ◽  
Penetration Rate ◽  
Cone Penetration Test ◽  
Shear Strain Rate ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Cpt Test

A wide range of industrial applications, on land and offshore, require the solution of time domain problems and an associated understanding of rate effects in clay soils. In recent decades many researchers have examined the correlation between shear strength of soils and variation of shear strain rate and it is generally accepted that the strength increases by 1-5% for each order of magnitude increase in shear strain rate. This paper discusses the effects of penetration rate on the penetration resistance (qc) by using cone penetration test (CPT) test setup. The research had been conducted at RECESS and cone penetration test were used in three selected range of rate which were 0.5 cm/s, 1cm/s and 5cm/s. In addition, Mackintosh probe testhad been considered as comparison with CPT test for the unconfined compressive strength. The result shows different penetration rate influenced the soil shear strength. For the slowest rate (0.5 cm/s), the shear strength was approximately 0.15% less compared to the standard rate (2 cm/s). However, for the highest rate (5 cm/s), the shear strength was 0.22% more than the reference rate (0.5 cm/s). In conclusion, it is suggested that the RECESS clay soil influenced by the rate effect and in agreement with previous research findings.

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