scholarly journals Berechnung von Mehraufwand und Minderertrag infolge des Trinkwasserschutzes im Wald

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (11) ◽  
pp. 437-444
Author(s):  
Clemens Blattert ◽  
Anton Bürgi ◽  
Renato Lemm
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Compensation Payment ◽  
Groundwater Protection Zones ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Steep Slopes

Calculation of additional expense and reduced revenue as a result of drinking water protection in the forest A good portion of the drinking water in Switzerland originates from groundwater wells in the forest. Within the framework of the Water Protection Ordinance these forest areas are designated as groundwater protection zones (core zone, S1; inner protection zone, S2; further protection zone, S3) to protect the drinking water supply against contamination. The designation of a forest area as a protection zone is connected to prescriptions and recommendations influencing forest management and causing additional costs for forest enterprises. On behalf of the Federal Office for Environment, an Excel tool has been developed. With this tool, the additional expense and reduced revenue can be calculated quickly and easily. To reflect the requirements in the tool, courses of action were defined, as they occur in forest management (e.g. no chemical wood treatment in the S2 and S3 zone, utilization of non-polluting fuels and lubricants). Subsequently, these courses were converted into mathematical formulae quantifying the additional costs. Three harvesting methods common in forest management were thereby distinguished, a motor-manual harvesting method, a fully mechanized harvesting method and a harvesting method for steep slopes. The results calculated with the drinking water protection tool can form an essential basis for the discussion on compensation payment for water services from forest management and provide a better communication between forest managers and water suppliers. However, the results of the tool are to be regarded rather as guidelines and should not be taken as absolutely.

Optimierung forstlicher Produktion unter Beachtung von finanziellen Restriktionen | Optimisation of forest production under financial restrictions

2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (9) ◽  
pp. 346-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Möhring
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Forest Production ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Final Harvest

The question of efficiency of resources bound in the silvicultural (biological) production of forest enterprises strikes a central topic of forest management. Using simple spreadsheet calculation models, this paper tries to explicate the relations between silvicultural treatments and economic evaluation criteria under financial restrictions. By means of actual examples, concerning thinning intensity and final harvest age under the restriction of maintenance of capital, practical silvicultural behaviour can be seen as compatible with the optimal economic solutions, determined by the model calculations. This leads to the conclusion that commonly practiced concepts of thinning intensity and productivity dependent harvest age can be interpreted as rational economic behaviour. With reference to such an economic optimum the consequences of changes in forest management, as they are often claimed for instance by directives of nature conservation, water protection etc., can be evaluated based on opportunity costs.

Unusual old water ages of an Alpine karst spring (Central Eastern Alps): Hydrogeology, isotopes (18O/2H, 3H, 3He, 14C) and tracer gas analyses (CFC-11,-12,-113, SF6)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kralik ◽  
Thomas Zwack ◽  
Christine Stumpp
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Tracer Gas ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Tectonic Window ◽  
The Mean

<p>Aim of the study was to delineate an appropriate wide-ranging drinking water protection zone for the tapped main Walchhof spring, which is part of the public water supply of the small city of Radstadt in the region of Salzburg, Austria. The immediate hydrographic catchment area of the spring was geological mapped, various electric conductivity measurements at the river Taurach and its tributaries were carried out to detect potential high mineralised (SO<sub>4</sub>) karst water influx and fluorescence tracer tests were performed on the adjacent hydrographic catchment area above the tapped main spring. The Walchhof springs discharge approximate 500 L/s in a complex central-alpine setting within a tectonic window structure built of the Radstadt nappe with permeable carbonate rocks overthrusted by the Schladming-Seckau nappe with mostly non-permeable phyllite rocks. To identify the mean altitude of the catchment area and the Mean Residence Time (MRT) of the spring waters a combination of isotopes <sup>2</sup>H/<sup>18</sup>O, <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He, <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>14</sup>C and tracer gases (CFC, SF<sub>6</sub>) was analysed. The <sup>2</sup>H/<sup>18</sup>O-isotopes were analysed on weekly samples during 2019. <sup>3</sup>H/<sup>3</sup>He, <sup>13</sup>C/<sup>14</sup>C and (CFC, SF<sub>6</sub>) were sampled twice in April and October 2019.  The results indicate a wide-ranging hydrogeological catchment area (max. 90km<sup>2</sup>) at a mean altitude of 2000 ± 200 m and a mixture of old (10-20 yrs) and very old (several thousand years) waters. However, heavy rainfall and snow melt events can add (< 10%) very young water (MRT: days-weeks) to the tapped main Walchhof spring. The combination of these methods allows to reduce the wide-ranging drinking water protection zone mainly to the immediate hydrographic catchment area.</p>

ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT ON COASTAL WATER PROTECTION ZONE IN THE RIVER VALLEY OF AI-TODORKA OF THE VILLAGES OF TERNOVKA AND CHERNORECHYA OF THE CITY OF SEVASTOPOL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kudryavtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Protection Zone ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
The City

The possible consequences of drying up of the most water - bearing tributary of the Chernaya river in the area of the villages of Ternovka and Chernorechya-the Ai-Todorka river due to construction in the valley are considered. One of the main consequences is the depletion of fresh water reserves in the valley of the riverbeds, of which one has already been completely lost, and the second has been significantly changed. As a result, about 3,000 people may lose access to drinking water. The solution to this problem is complicated by the violation of the river's water protection regime - the Ai-Todorka river protection zone (100 meters) is located on a private territory, which does not correspond to the Federal law on the borders of the coastal water protection zone. This issue is currently under consideration by the Prosecutor's office and the Main Department of natural resources and ecology of the city of Sevastopol (Sevprirodnadzor).

L'importance des outils de planification forestière dans les opérations de relations publiques en Suisse | The importance of forestry planning tools in public relations operation in Switzerland

2004 ◽  
Vol 155 (11) ◽  
pp. 487-491
Author(s):  
Christina Giesch Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
The Public ◽  
Forest Management Plan ◽  
Forest Enterprises ◽  
Forestry Services ◽  
Regional Forest ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The current study examines the importance of planning and management documents (notably the forest management plan and the regional forest plan) for public relations purposes. 17 people (15 forest engineers and 2 forest guards) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results of our survey show that some of the information used for public relations is taken from the planning documents. The forest management plan is primarily considered to be an internal document, but it also provides information on the objectives of forest enterprises, justifications of the planned measures, numbers and maps. The regional forest plan contributes to the public relations in three ways: its content provides information about objectives, description of forest functions, projects and measures. In addition, the participation of the public in the process of elaborating this plan is an ideal opportunity to heighten awareness in society and further public understanding of the forest and forestry services. Finally, as the regional forest management plan is in the public domain, it functions as a type of «show case» of the forest service.

Vom Forst zum Wald. Entwicklungstendenzen im naturnahen Waldbau | From a Production-Oriented Forest to a Multipurpose Forest. New Trends in Near-Natural Silviculture

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf Hockenjos
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Great Demand ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forest Enterprises

Concepts of near-natural forestry are in great demand these days. Most German forest administrations and private forest enterprises attach great importance to being as «near-natural» as possible. This should allow them to make the most of biological rationalisation. The concept of near-natural forestry is widely accepted, especially by conservationists. However, it is much too early to analyse how successful near-natural forestry has been to date, and therefore to decide whether an era of genuine near-natural forest management has really begun. Despite wide-spread recognition, near-natural forestry is jeopardised by mechanised timber harvesting, and particularly by the large-timber harvester. The risk is that machines, which are currently just one element of the timber harvest will gain in importance and gradually become the decisive element. The forest would then be forced to meet the needs of machinery, not the other way round. Forests would consequently become so inhospitable that they would bear no resemblance to the sylvan image conjured up by potential visitors. This could mean taking a huge step backwards: from a near-natural forest to a forest dominated by machinery. The model of multipurpose forest management would become less viable, and the forest would become divided into areas for production, and separate areas for recreation and ecology. The consequences of technical intervention need to be carefully considered, if near-natural forestry is not to become a thing of the past.

Drinking Water Protection

Water Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
William Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Protection

scholarly journals On the hygienic scientific provision of the Water strategy of the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 923-928
Author(s):  
Oxsana O. Sinitsyna ◽  
Victor V. Turbinsky
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Water Strategy ◽  
Oriented Approach

Increased competition between producers has now become one of the critical features of the country’s economy. Within the framework of the Water Strategy of the Russian Federation, technological issues play a significant role both in the protection of water resources and in compliance with the safety requirements and favourable quality of the water used. For more than 20 years worldwide, there has been a transition from a hazard-oriented to a risk-oriented approach in the organization of nature and water protection activities. The use of a risk-based approach determines the mandatory monitoring of all pollutants and calculation methods for assessing various types of toxicity of a substance, their hazardous concentrations based on knowledge of the structure and information about the hazard of substances from international databases and registers. Based on the analysis of the main provisions of the Water Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020 in conjunction with the conditions of water use affecting the health of the population, the priority problems of technological development in the water protection sector and their medical and preventive support were identified. Measures have been outlined to ensure the compliance of the technology for the protection of water bodies, sources of household and drinking water supply to the population and industrial development for monitoring the effectiveness and efficiency of hygienic regulation, sanitary and epidemiological examination of project documentation and a risk-oriented approach to ensuring the activities of business entities on the territory of sanitary protection zones of drinking water sources: water supply, wastewater treatment from point and diffuse sources of pollution.

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