scholarly journals Waldzustand in der Schweiz: Erfassung, Entwicklung und Einflussfaktoren

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (9) ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Matthias Dobbertin ◽  
Christian Hug ◽  
Lorenz Walthert
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Forest Condition ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Negative Effect

Forest condition in Switzerland: assessment, development and influencing factors In the early 1980s it was feared that air pollution would cause a widespread forest decline and a reduction in forest productivity. In Switzerland as in most European countries crown defoliation and foliage discoloration were selected as the most important indicators of forest condition. The Sanasilva inventory on a systematic network of plots showed an increase in the proportion of trees with high defoliation until 1995. Since then no trend has been detected. However, large annual fluctuations were often observed following years with large-scale climatic events, such as the storms Vivian and Lothar and the heat summer of 2003. Although highly variable, neither mortality nor removal rates have shown any time trend since 1985. The annual differences in crown defoliation, mortality and tree growth are mainly related to climatic factors. In addition to the climatic conditions, nutrient availability, soil water holding capacity and to a lesser extent air pollution determine the degree of crown defoliation at a given site and for a given species. Although several studies have found a negative effect of nitrogen deposition or ozone concentrations on tree foliation, others have shown that up to now nitrogen deposition has increased tree growth on nitrogen-limited sites. It can thus be concluded that presently air pollution does not pose a direct threat to tree conditions in Switzerland. However, the assessment of crown condition alone is not a suitable tool to detect the effects of air pollution on forests. This requires more detailed measurements on long-term research sites. However, as crown condition is strongly affected by site conditions and climate, it should be further monitored, particularly with regard to the predicted climate change.

scholarly journals Međuovisnost različitih indikatora vitaliteta stabala i njihov odziv na klimatske uvjete na plohi obične bukve (Fagus sylvatica L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
Mladen Ognjenović ◽  
Ivan Seletković ◽  
Krunoslav Indir ◽  
Damir Ugarković ◽  
Nenad Potočić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Common Beech ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Crown Defoliation ◽  
Beech Stand ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Low Precipitation

Interrelations of various common beech vitality indicators (crown defoliation, foliar chemistry, radial growth) as well as their possible dependencies on climatic conditions were investigated over the course of 12 years in a mature and healthy beech stand. Our results confirm the importance of temperature variables for defoliation, as high temperatures during spring and summer months induce the increase of defoliation. The same negative influence was observed with high maximum temperatures and low precipitation during previous year summer months. Phosphorus, calcium and magnesium nutrition of beech trees suffers from high temperatures during current year summer and benefits from more precipitation. High temperatures in current year May positively influence beech radial growth, while a wide range of minimum temperatures during March and June has a negative effect. In summary, high summer temperatures and low precipitation were shown to have a negative effect on all vitality indicators, and for defoliation and nutrition this effect can last into the following year.

Defoliation of tamarack by outbreak populations of larch sawfly in subarctic Quebec: measuring the impact on tree growth

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1444-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Tailleux ◽  
Conrad Cloutier
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Larch Sawfly ◽  
Foliage Development ◽  
The Impact

In conjunction with other major perturbations, outbreaks of specialist insect defoliators could play a key role in the long-term evolution of northern forest communities. Sawfly oviposition marks up to 20 years old in shoots of tamarack, Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, provide a direct record of a large-scale epidemic cycle of the larch sawfly, Pristiphoraerichsonii (Htg.), during the 1980s in the Grande Rivière de la Baleine region, northern Quebec. Because no significant tree mortality was noted in the years following peak defoliator populations in 1985–1986, a study was undertaken to determine whether insect population changes during the outbreak period were correlated with growth changes under various climatic and soil conditions in three coastal sites and one continental sampling site. The fluctuations with time in the density of oviposition marks on trees indicated that the epidemic cycle was synchronous at all sites. However, the defoliator's density was significantly higher at the inland site, located 150 km from Hudson Bay, than at the coastal sites, where climatic conditions may be less favorable to insect activity and survival. No significant effects on tree growth were detected at the coastal sites, whereas larch from the inland site recorded a significant reduction in radial growth in 1984, the 1st year of outbreak conditions. Larch from this site also showed significant effects on foliage development after 4 years of defoliation (1988), when a virtual stop on elongative growth became apparent. Larch trees reproduced actively during the outbreak, with peak reproductive effort in 1984 and 1987 correlating with lows in elongative growth. Delayed or minimal effects of this outbreak characterized by the presence of hundreds of sawfly colonies per tree and defoliation levels comparable to those observed in the boreal forest during similar outbreaks indicate that subarctic larch may be highly tolerant to prolonged defoliation by the larch sawfly.

scholarly journals Analysis of the spatial effects of inter-provincial air pollution in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Zhang Yanyan
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spatial Effects ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
Regional Problem ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

Air pollution is a hot environmental issue that people have continued to pay attention to in recent years, and the government has spared no effort to strengthen its prevention. Haze is the result of the interaction between specific climatic conditions and human activities. Economic development and population agglomeration are important causes of smog on a large scale. Based on China’s provincial haze pollution PM2.5 data from 2003 to 2017, Moran’s I index and LISA scatter plot were used to analyze the spatial correlation of haze pollution. The results show that there is a positive spatial correlation between China’s provincial haze pollution. Therefore, the problem of air pollution is a regional problem, and it is necessary for each region to strengthen regional joint prevention and control according to location conditions, natural conditions and economic conditions, and contribute to the prevention and control of smog.

Intra-annual climatic signal in tree rings of Larix sp. based on the Vaganov-Shashkin model output

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Fonti ◽  
Olga Churakova (Sidorova) ◽  
Ivan Tychkov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

<p>Air temperature increase and change in precipitation regime have a significant impact on northern forests leading to the ambiguous consequences due to the complex interaction between the ecosystem plant components and permafrost. One of the major interests in such circumstances is to understand how tree growth of the main forest species of the Siberian North will change under altering climatic conditions. In this work, we applied the process-based Vaganov-Shashkin model (VS - model) of tree growth in order to estimate the daily impact of climatic conditions on tree-ring width of larch trees in northeastern Yakutia (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) and eastern Taimyr (Larix gmelinii Rupr. (Rupr.) for the period 1956-2003, and to determine the extent to which the interaction of climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) is reflected in the tree-ring anatomical structure. Despite the location of the study sites in the harsh conditions of the north, and temperature as the main limiting factor, it was possible to identify a period during the growing season when tree growth was limited by lack of soil moisture. The application of the VS-model for the studied regions allowed establishing in which period of the growing season the water stress is most often manifest itself, and how phenological phases (beginning, cessation, and duration of larch growth) vary among the years.</p><p>The research was funded by RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-44-240001 and by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (projects FSRZ-2020-0010).</p>

scholarly journals Forest Monitoring - Assessment, Analysis and Warning System for Forest Ecosystem Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidiu BADEA ◽  
Diana Maria SILAGHI ◽  
Stefan NEAGU ◽  
Ioan TAUT ◽  
Stefan LECA
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Crown Defoliation

Forests provide essential benefits and services as an important component of terrestrial ecosystems. Their functionality and health result from multiple and cumulative interactions of biotic and abiotic stress factors such as air pollution, climate change, changes in land use, and poor management practices. A forest monitoring system was established to identify, analyse and assess the degradation of European forests. Two levels of forest monitoring were developed: I) large-scale forest condition surveys, based on an European grid system starting in 1986 and II) an intensive non-systematic survey network placed in representative forest ecosystems starting in 1994. Romania implemented both level I (1990-1991) and level II (1991-1992) forest monitoring surveys with the results showing the effects of increased air temperatures and a drastic decrease of precipitation since the decade of 1971-1980. Thus, the highest values of damaged trees (crown defoliation >25%) percent were recorded in 1993, 1994, 2000 and 2003 both in the national and European networks. Also, in southern and South-Eastern Romania the forests are more frequently damaged as a response to worsening of climatic factors in this region in recent decades, with temperatures rising 0.7-0.8°C. In general, in Romania, ozone concentrations remained below the critical threshold (40-50 ppb) for affecting growth or health of trees. The levels of S-SO4 and N-NO3 declined in the atmosphere but the accumulation continued to increase in the soil, leading to soil acidification, mainly at depths of 10-40 cm). In general, during the last decade, Romanian forests were affected at low to medium intensities with damage rate up to 11% of the trees and the status of general forest health improved slightly.

scholarly journals Climatic modification effects on the association between PM1 and lung cancer incidence in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huagui Guo ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Weifeng Li ◽  
Jiansheng Wu ◽  
Siying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses

Abstract Background Nationwide studies that examine climatic modification effects on the association between air pollution and health outcome are limited in developing countries. Moreover, few studies focus on PM1 pollution despite its greater health effect. Objectives This study aims to determine the modification effects of climatic factors on the associations between PM1 and the incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females in China. Methods We conducted a nationwide analysis in 345 Chinese counties (districts) from 2014 to 2015. Mean air temperature and relative humidity over the study period were used as the proxies of climatic conditions. In terms of the multivariable linear regression model, we examined climatic modification effects in the stratified and combined datasets according to the three-category and binary divisions of climatic factors. Moreover, we performed three sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of climatic modification effects. Results We found a stronger association between PM1 and the incidence rate of male lung cancer in counties with high levels of air temperature or relative humidity. If there is a 10 μg/m3 shift in PM1, then the change in male incidence rate relative to its mean was higher by 4.39% (95% CI: 2.19, 6.58%) and 8.37% (95% CI: 5.18, 11.56%) in the middle and high temperature groups than in the low temperature group, respectively. The findings of climatic modification effects were robust in the three sensitivity analyses. No significant modification effect was discovered for female incidence rate. Conclusions Male residents in high temperature or humidity counties suffer from a larger effect of PM1 on the incidence rate of lung cancer in China. Future research on air pollution-related health impact assessment should consider the differential air pollution effects across different climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Air Pollution and Forest Health: Establishing Cause and Effect in the Forest

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 391-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Permanent Plots ◽  
Tree Decline ◽  
Crown Condition ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Carpathian Mountains ◽  
Crown Defoliation

I participated in a NATO Advanced Research Workshop titled “Effects of Air Pollution on Forest Health and Biodiversity in Forests of the Carpathian Mountains,” in Stara Lesna, Slovakia from May 22–26, 2001. Researchers from Canada, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, and the U.S. met to present their results from a three-year cooperative study of tree health and air quality monitoring in forests of the Carpathian Mountains in Central Europe. Much of the work reported related to assessing the crown condition of trees in permanent plots in natural or managed (planted) forests in the mountains. The endpoint was tree condition, with results extrapolated to the forests in the Carpathian range. From this I learned that, of the 50,000 trees evaluated, European beech (Fagus sylvatica) was the most healthy, while Norway spruce (Picea abies) (the principal forest tree) and white fir (Abies alba) sustained crown defoliation of up to 12.8%. The cause of this crown defoliation and tree decline was usually attributed to “air pollution” as a generic term and an automatic assumption. It is well known that deposition of heavy metals and acidic sulfur and nitrogen compounds can cause tree decline and predispose affected trees to bark beetles and climatic damage. Chemical analyses can also be done to detect metals and sulfur compounds in trees and soils. Sometimes these analyses were done, but most often the assumption was that crown defoliation was caused by air pollution. The assumption was that given sufficient exposure to high enough concentrations of toxic elements, sooner or later there will be a visible adverse response.

Influence des conditions climatiques sur le comportement du Lièvre d'Amérique (Lepus americanus) en semi-liberté

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1126-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Théau ◽  
Jean Ferron
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Lepus Americanus ◽  
Snowshoe Hare ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Negative Effect

Snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) behavior has been analyzed over a1-year period to understand the influence of climatic factors. Six animals were observed with a video camera in a 1350-m2 outdoor enclosure located in a wood stand andequipped with a computerized weather station. Temperature (°C), relative humidity (%), windspeed (km/h), and barometric pressure (hPa) were recorded every 5 min during the entire study period. Every month, 72 h of observation were recorded to correlate those factors with feeding, locomotion, grooming, and resting behavior. Results indicate a marked influence of climatic conditions on hare behavior patterns. All patterns are more frequent when relative humidity is high or increasing. Locomotion and feeding are more common when temperature is low or decreasing, or when barometric pressure is increasing. Wind speed has a negative effect on the frequency of all behavioral patterns. Those effects are discussed in relation to hare biology. It appears that energetic constraints associated with harsh weather conditions have forced the snowshoe hare to adopt a flexible behavioral strategy.

scholarly journals The influence of genetic and paratypical factors on the meat productivity of domesticated reindeer

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (11) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Yuzhakov ◽  
Kasim Layshev ◽  
Vasiliy Zabrodin
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Reindeer Husbandry ◽  
Green Food ◽  
Rational Allocation ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Purpose. Study of various factors that determine quantitative and qualitative indicators of meat productivity of reindeer. Methods. The results are based on analytical, statistical, expert methods and the authors own research. Results. The analysis of the breed characteristics of live and slaughtered mass of deer, slaughter yield shows that the increase in production of venison to a certain extent depends on the rational allocation of genetic resources of reindeer. As practice shows, the main method of breeding in reindeer husbandry should be considered outbreeding. The limited use of interbreeding in reindeer husbandry is explained both by the complex and expensive logistics of transporting reindeer between regions, and by the problems of adapting induced animals to local natural and climatic conditions. Of the paratypical factors, natural and climatic ones are the determining ones. During the snow-free period, the main feeding of reindeer is based on intensive consumption of green food: leaves and grass.by the end of the snow period, the live weight of an adult deer may decrease by 20 % from the autumn indicators. Particularly noteworthy is the impact of veterinary and preventive measures on the meat productivity of reindeer. early chemotherapy of gadfly infestations increases meat productivity by 6-7 kg per 1 head. Scientific novelty. Found that the most important genetic factor for the indices of meat productivity is the breed, climatic factors are decisive, starting with fetal development and throughout postnatal development of the deer, the decrease in physiological status of the animal, the defeat of the deer disease has a negative effect on live weight, meat productivity. The results of the research can be used in the technology of reindeer husbandry in order to increase the meat productivity of animals.

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