scholarly journals Combined Intervention of Medium-Chain Triacylglycerol Diet and Exercise Reduces Body Fat Mass Enhances Energy Expenditure in Rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuhiko OOYAMA ◽  
Jian WU ◽  
Naohisa NOSAKA ◽  
Toshiaki AOYAMA ◽  
Michio KASAI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Combined Intervention

scholarly journals Dietary Isoliquiritigenin at a Low Dose Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and NAFLD in Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6J Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youngmi Lee ◽  
Eun-Young Kwon ◽  
Myung-Sook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Isoliquiritigenin (ILG) is a flavonoid constituent of Glycyrrhizae plants. The current study investigated the effects of ILG on diet-induced obesity and metabolic diseases. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet (AIN-76 purified diet), high-fat diet (40 kcal% fat), and high-fat diet +0.02% (w/w) ILG for 16 weeks. Supplementation of ILG resulted in decreased body fat mass and plasma cholesterol level. ILG ameliorated hepatic steatosis by suppressing the expression of hepatic lipogenesis genes and hepatic triglyceride and fatty acid contents, while enhancing β-oxidation in the liver. ILG improved insulin resistance by lowering plasma glucose and insulin levels. This was also demonstrated by the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Additionally, ILG upregulated the expression of insulin signaling-related genes in the liver and muscle. Interestingly, ILG elevated energy expenditure by increasing the expression of thermogenesis genes, which is linked to stimulated mitochondrial biogenesis and uncoupled cellular respiration in brown adipose tissue. ILG also suppressed proinflammatory cytokine levels in the plasma. These results suggest that ILG supplemented at 0.02% in the diet can ameliorate body fat mass, plasma cholesterol, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and insulin resistance; these effects were partly mediated by increasing energy expenditure in high-fat fed mice.

scholarly journals Medium-Chain Enriched Diacylglycerol (MCE-DAG) Oil Decreases Body Fat Mass in Mice by Increasing Lipolysis and Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue

Lipids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 665-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haeun Kim ◽  
Jee-Hwan Choe ◽  
Jong Hun Choi ◽  
Hun Jung Kim ◽  
Soo Hyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Medium Chain

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF LEPTIN AND APPETITE, RESTING ENERGY EXPENDITURE AND BODY FAT MASS IN WEIGHT-STABLE CANCER PATIENTS

Cytokine ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roma Maguire ◽  
Donald C McMillan ◽  
A.Michael Wallace ◽  
Colin McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Resting Energy

Cyclic progestin administration increases energy expenditure and decreases body fat mass in perimenopausal women

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Cagnacci ◽  
Anna De Toni ◽  
Simona Caretto ◽  
Renata Menozzi ◽  
Mario Bondi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Perimenopausal Women

scholarly journals Increased energy expenditure and leptin sensitivity account for low fat mass in myostatin-deficient mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (6) ◽  
pp. E1031-E1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Ju Choi ◽  
Zipora Yablonka-Reuveni ◽  
Karl J. Kaiyala ◽  
Kayoko Ogimoto ◽  
Michael W. Schwartz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Deficient Mice

Myostatin deficiency causes dramatically increased skeletal muscle mass and reduced fat mass. Previously, myostatin-deficient mice were reported to have unexpectedly low total energy expenditure (EE) after normalizing to body mass, and thus, a metabolic cause for low fat mass was discounted. To clarify how myostatin deficiency affects the control of body fat mass and energy balance, we compared rates of oxygen consumption, body composition, and food intake in young myostatin-deficient mice relative to wild-type (WT) and heterozygous (HET) controls. We report that after adjusting for total body mass using regression analysis, young myostatin-deficient mice display significantly increased EE relative to both WT (+0.81 ± 0.28 kcal/day, P = 0.004) and HET controls (+0.92 ± 0.31 kcal/day, P = 0.005). Since food intake was not different between groups, increased EE likely accounts for the reduced body fat mass (KO: 8.8 ± 1.1% vs. WT: 14.5 ± 1.3%, P = 0.003) and circulating leptin levels (KO: 0.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml vs. WT: 1.9 ± 0.3 ng/ml, P = 0.008). Interestingly, the observed increase in adjusted EE in myostatin-deficient mice occurred despite dramatically reduced ambulatory activity levels (−50% vs. WT, P < 0.05). The absence of hyperphagia together with increased EE in myostatin-deficient mice suggests that increased leptin sensitivity may contribute to their lean phenotype. Indeed, leptin-induced anorexia (KO: −17 ± 1.2% vs. WT: −5 ± 0.3%) and weight loss (KO: −2.2 ± 0.2 g vs. WT: −1.6 ± 0.1, P < 0.05) were increased in myostatin-deficient mice compared with WT controls. We conclude that increased EE, together with increased leptin sensitivity, contributes to low fat mass in mice lacking myostatin.

Female boxers have high bone mineral density despite low body fat mass, high energy expenditure, and a high incidence of oligomenorrhea

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 863-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Trutschnigg ◽  
Chin Chong ◽  
Lucia Habermayerova ◽  
Antony D. Karelis ◽  
Joanna Komorowski
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Menstrual Status

Low body fat mass and menstrual irregularities have been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of this study was to compare the relation between BMD, lean body mass, fat mass, physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE), and menstrual status in female boxers and in physically active females with low (C1) or average (C2) fat mass. Boxers (n = 11) and controls (C1, n = 16; C2, n = 17), aged 18–38 years, were assessed for BMD and body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Menstrual status and PAEE were determined from questionnaires. There was no difference in anthropometric measurements between boxers and C1 subjects, except that boxers had higher arm lean mass. However, both boxers and C1 subjects had a lower percentage of fat (p < 0.001) than C2 subjects (boxers, 14.6% ± 2.0; C1, 15.5% ± 4.2; C2, 25.8% ± 3.4%), and boxers had a higher (p = 0.002) lean body mass index (lean body mass/height2, where lean body mass is measured in kilograms and height is measured in metres) than C2 subjects. The PAEE of boxers was higher (p < 0.007) than that of controls (boxers, 5748 ± 2284 ; C1, 2966 ± 2258 ; C2, 2714 ± 1722 kcal·week–1). Oligomenorrhea was more common in boxers than in C1 and C2 subjects (boxers, 54.6%; C1, 18.8%; C2, 35.3%). Arm, leg, and spine BMD were higher (p < 0.008) in boxers than in C1 subjects, and arm BMD was higher in boxers than in C2 subjects. BMD Z scores were also higher (p < 0.05) in boxers (boxers, 1.1± 0.8, C1, 0.1 ± 0.7; C2: 0.3 ± 1.1). High BMD in boxers, despite low fat mass, high PAEE, and an increased incidence of oligomenorrhea suggest that boxing has a positive effect on BMD.

scholarly journals Effect of Smartphone-Based Lifestyle Coaching App on Community-Dwelling Population With Moderate Metabolic Abnormalities: Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/17435 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. e17435 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Mi Jemma Cho ◽  
Jung Hyun Lee ◽  
Jee-Seon Shim ◽  
Hyungseon Yeom ◽  
Su Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Diet And Exercise

Background Metabolic disorders are established precursors to cardiovascular diseases, yet they can be readily prevented with sustained lifestyle modifications. Objective We assessed the effectiveness of a smartphone-based weight management app on metabolic parameters in adults at high-risk, yet without physician diagnosis nor pharmacological treatment for metabolic syndrome, in a community setting. Methods In this 3-arm parallel-group, single-blind, randomized controlled trial, we recruited participants aged 30 to 59 years with at least 2 conditions defined by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program expert panel (abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting glucose level). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) by block randomization to either the nonuser group (control), the app-based diet and exercise self-logging group (app only), or the app-based self-logging and personalized coaching from professional dieticians and exercise coordinators group (app with personalized coaching). Assessments were performed at baseline, week 6, week 12, and week 24. The primary outcome was change in systolic blood pressure (between baseline and follow-up assessments). Secondary outcomes were changes in diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body fat mass, waist circumference, homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level between baseline and follow-up assessments. Analysis was performed using intention-to-treat. Results Between October 28, 2017 and May 28, 2018, 160 participants participated in the baseline screening examination. Participants (129/160, 80.6%) who satisfied the eligibility criteria were assigned to control (n=41), app only (n=45), or app with personalized coaching (n=43) group. In each group, systolic blood pressure showed decreasing trends from baseline (control: mean –10.95, SD 2.09 mmHg; app only: mean –7.29, SD 1.83 mmHg; app with personalized coaching: mean –7.19, SD 1.66 mmHg), yet without significant difference among the groups (app only: P=.19; app with personalized coaching: P=.16). Instead, those in the app with personalized coaching group had greater body weight reductions (control: mean –0.12, SD 0.30 kg; app only: mean –0.35, SD 0.36 kg, P=.67; app with personalized coaching: mean –0.96, SD 0.37 kg; P=.08), specifically by body fat mass reduction (control: mean –0.13, SD 0.34 kg; app only: mean –0.64, SD 0.38 kg, P=.22; app with personalized coaching: mean –0.79, SD 0.38 kg; P=.08). Conclusions Simultaneous diet and exercise self-logging and persistent lifestyle modification coaching were ineffective in lowering systolic blood pressure but effective in losing weight and reducing body fat mass. These results warrant future implementation studies of similar models of care on a broader scale in the context of primary prevention. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03300271; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03300271

scholarly journals Acupuncture on Obesity: Clinical Evidence and Possible Neuroendocrine Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kepei Zhang ◽  
Shigao Zhou ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Hanchen Xu ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Diet And Exercise

Objective. Acupuncture, as one of the complementary and alternative medicines, represents an efficient therapeutic option for obesity control. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effectiveness of acupuncture in obesity and also summarized the available studies on exploring the mechanisms. Design. We searched six databases from the inception to April 2017 without language restriction. Eligible studies consisted of acupuncture with comparative controls ((1) sham acupuncture, (2) no treatment, (3) diet and exercise, and (4) conventional medicine). The primary outcomes consisted of BMI, body weight reduction, and incidence of cardiovascular events (CVD). Secondary outcomes included waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body fat mass percent, body fat mass (kg), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glucose, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) reduction, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) increase, and adverse effects. The quality of RCTs was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Subgroup analyses were performed according to types of acupuncture. A random effects model was used to adjust for the heterogeneity of the included studies. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Main Results. We included 21 studies with 1389 participants. When compared with sham acupuncture, significant reductions in BMI (MD=-1.22, 95%CI=-1.87 to -0.56), weight (MD=-1.54, 95%CI=-2.98 to -0.11), body fat mass (kg) (MD=-1.31, 95%CI=-2.47 to -0.16), and TC (SMD=-0.63, 95%CI=-1.00 to -0.25) were found. When compared with no treatment group, significant reductions of BMI (MD=-1.92, 95%CI=-3.04 to -0.79), WHR (MD=-0.05, 95%CI=-0.09 to -0.02), TC (MD=-0.26, 95%CI=-0.48 to -0.03), and TG (MD=-0.29 95%CI=-0.39 to -0.18) were found. When compared with diet and exercise group, significant reduction in BMI (MD=-1.24, 95%CI=-1.87 to -0.62) and weight (MD=-3.27 95%CI=-5.07 to -1.47) was found. Adverse effects were reported in 5 studies. Conclusions. We concluded that acupuncture is an effective treatment for obesity and inferred that neuroendocrine regulation might be involved.

scholarly journals Effect of Smartphone-Based Lifestyle Coaching App on Community-Dwelling Population With Moderate Metabolic Abnormalities: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
So Mi Jemma Cho ◽  
Jung Hyun Lee ◽  
Jee-Seon Shim ◽  
Hyungseon Yeom ◽  
Su Jin Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Diet And Exercise

BACKGROUND Metabolic disorders are established precursors to cardiovascular diseases, yet they can be readily prevented with sustained lifestyle modifications. OBJECTIVE We assessed the effectiveness of a smartphone-based weight management app on metabolic parameters in adults at high-risk, yet without physician diagnosis nor pharmacological treatment for metabolic syndrome, in a community setting. METHODS In this 3-arm parallel-group, single-blind, randomized controlled trial, we recruited participants aged 30 to 59 years with at least 2 conditions defined by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program expert panel (abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high fasting glucose level). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1:1) by block randomization to either the nonuser group (control), the app-based diet and exercise self-logging group (app only), or the app-based self-logging and personalized coaching from professional dieticians and exercise coordinators group (app with personalized coaching). Assessments were performed at baseline, week 6, week 12, and week 24. The primary outcome was change in systolic blood pressure (between baseline and follow-up assessments). Secondary outcomes were changes in diastolic blood pressure, body weight, body fat mass, waist circumference, homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride level, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level between baseline and follow-up assessments. Analysis was performed using intention-to-treat. RESULTS Between October 28, 2017 and May 28, 2018, 160 participants participated in the baseline screening examination. Participants (129/160, 80.6%) who satisfied the eligibility criteria were assigned to control (n=41), app only (n=45), or app with personalized coaching (n=43) group. In each group, systolic blood pressure showed decreasing trends from baseline (control: mean –10.95, SD 2.09 mmHg; app only: mean –7.29, SD 1.83 mmHg; app with personalized coaching: mean –7.19, SD 1.66 mmHg), yet without significant difference among the groups (app only: <i>P</i>=.19; app with personalized coaching: <i>P</i>=.16). Instead, those in the app with personalized coaching group had greater body weight reductions (control: mean –0.12, SD 0.30 kg; app only: mean –0.35, SD 0.36 kg, <i>P</i>=.67; app with personalized coaching: mean –0.96, SD 0.37 kg; <i>P</i>=.08), specifically by body fat mass reduction (control: mean –0.13, SD 0.34 kg; app only: mean –0.64, SD 0.38 kg, <i>P</i>=.22; app with personalized coaching: mean –0.79, SD 0.38 kg; <i>P</i>=.08). CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous diet and exercise self-logging and persistent lifestyle modification coaching were ineffective in lowering systolic blood pressure but effective in losing weight and reducing body fat mass. These results warrant future implementation studies of similar models of care on a broader scale in the context of primary prevention. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03300271; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03300271

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