scholarly journals Konstantynopol i jego mieszkańcy w "Nowej Historii" Zosimosa

Vox Patrum ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 573-584
Author(s):  
Małgorzata B. Leszka
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

For Zosimos Constantinople was a vital city, a city that owed a lot to Constantine the Great; all that despite the fact that both that ruler and his successors did not find much appreciation in the historian’s eyes. The new Capital city may have its problems, such as overpopulation, lack of room and safety, but it is also the place where one can easily find a job. Its inhabitants, whenever needed, can face serious threats (Gainas’ struggle with Goths), but their reactions are unpredictable and difficult to tame (Procopios’ usurpation, city unrest accompanying the deposition of John Chrysostom from bishopric). Constantinople is the place where the events essential for country’s existence take place, where there is a furious struggle for power, where one can fali with ease from the peaks of power down to the very bottoms (like e.g. Ruffinus of Eutropios). It is the place of the Imperial court, criticized so much by Zosimos himself because, as he says, of the monarchs’ weakness, but also due to bossy eunuchs, advisors and court cliąues. Such views may have resulted from the religious beliefs of the author, who could not agree to the apostasy of the rulers from religious traditions of the past. Constantinople is also the place with Christian temples and followers, led, according to the author, by arrogant individuals, for this is the way he perceives John Chrysostom. These individuals can riot the City against its rulers, while their followers from the mob may be a threat to law and public order.

BUILDING THE PAST: MONUMENTS AND MEMORY IN THE FORUM ROMANUM

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Machado
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way ◽  
Late Roman

Memory played a crucial role in the shaping of Late Roman political consciousness and identity. This is clear in the case of the city of Rome, where political, religious, and social transformations affected the way that the city’s inhabitants defined their relationship between themselves and with the imperial court. The area of the forum Romanum was intimately related to Rome’s history, and was therefore particularly appropriate for the construction of different ‘Roman memories’. The aim of this article is to discuss how the monuments built or restored in this area helped to define these memories and turn the past into a political argument.

Stages of Decline

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-378
Author(s):  
Ari Daniel Levine
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Southern Song ◽  
Counter Narratives ◽  
Social Trauma ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Northern Song ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
The City

After the fall of the Northern Song [Formula: see text] (960–1127) capital of Kaifeng [Formula: see text] to Jurchen invaders in 1127, diasporic literati of the Southern Song dynasty [Formula: see text] (1127–1279) recreated and revisited its lost sites through textual commemoration, especially in memorabilia literature (biji [Formula: see text], lit. ‘brush notes’). As knowledge of the city passed from communicative memory into cultural memory, its decline and destruction became the focus of nostalgia and indignation for Yue Ke [Formula: see text] (1183–1234), the author of the Pillar Histories (Ting shi [Formula: see text]), a collection of counter-narratives of Northern Song history that expressed the shared experience of social trauma induced by dynastic collapse. Disconnected from their spatial context and even from historical fact, the city’s memory sites became stages for amoralistic declension narrative, in which the city’s destruction and occupation was assumed to have been instigated by the decadence of the imperial court of the passive Emperor Huizong [Formula: see text] (r. 1100–26) and his ‘nefarious ministers’. The most colourful elements of Yue’s ludic and fantastical narratives became the focus of his indignation, which encouraged his readers to denounce the traitors who had betrayed the empire by inviting the Jurchen invasion. In the Pillar Histories, Yue deployed textual imaginaries of nostalgia as forms of resistance by re-contesting the past events that led to dynastic collapse. By reconstructing the city in the cultural memory of his fellow diasporic literati, Yue was creating a vision of an ideal political, cultural and moral community that once existed at the dynasty’s inception, and might be reconstituted in the future, if and when Song subjects recaptured their lost homeland.

scholarly journals Aktualizacja potencjału religii w ochronie ekosystemów leśnych

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Ryszard F. Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Way

Declared by the United Nations as the International Year of the Forest, 2011 demonstrated the signi#cance of forest ecosystems to all humans and the entire Earth. Religions had already become important allies in preventing damage to forests. Different religious traditions offer various proposals for forest conservation and afforestation. Since 1970 and especially after the jubilee year of 2000, people of faith established many ecological organizations to engage in environmental conservation because of their religious beliefs. All major religious traditions have a lot to offer. This article examines the way organized religions and faith-based ecological organizations are engaged in many environmental projects concerning forest ecosystems. It looks at the ecological activity of faith-based organizations such as the Chipko Movement, Appiko movement, Swadhyaya community, and the Ecological Movement of St. Francis of Assisi. The article shows that the actualization of religious potential in protecting forests is accomplished through active prevention of deforestation and climate change, afforestation, and the implementation of environmentally friendly technology.  

Formation and Development Determinants of the City Commemorative Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Olga M. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Places Of Memory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociocultural Processes ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Based on historical-genetic and comparative research methods, the article reveals the determinants of formation and development of the city commemorative culture. This issue is relevant because of the increasing influence of the memory of the past on modern sociocultural processes. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the study of poorly studied issues of the impact of commemorative culture on the development of culture in general; the opportunities of regulating the nature and distribution of memorial forms; the factors determining the formation of the city commemorative culture in the context of the historical and sociocultural dynamics of applicable societies of the civilizations of the past and present. The article uses an integrated approach, which determines the interdisciplinary nature of scientific research, allowing analyzing the aspects of the origin, interpretation of the features of the history and existence of monuments in different cultures. There are provided examples of commemoration practices in the post-Soviet countries, including the Republic of Belarus. The article concludes that the content of commemorative culture is determined primarily by religious traditions and state priorities. The creation of monuments and places of memory is used as an agitation and manipulative resource making an emotional impact; as an ideological tool shaping the perception of history in accordance with the state ideology. Commemorative practices take on special significance during the formation of nations, influencing the subject’s identification with the nation, and the awareness of national solidity. In this case, the monument represents a universal form of embodying and conveying the national idea.

scholarly journals Divine Intersections: Hindu Ritual and the Incorporation of Religious Others

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Kathinka Frøystad
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Accurate Description ◽  
Personal Choice ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Religious Others

This article throws the study of multireligious sociality in Western contexts into sharp relief by examining the case of India. Much of the current scholarship of cosmopolitanism and multiculturalism tends to assume that religious beliefs, practices and spaces make the respective religious communities close entirely in upon themselves. While this assumption may hold true for most of the Western settings we study, it does not necessarily give an accurate description of the conditions for multireligious sociality in other parts of the world. In India, for instance, religious boundaries still display signs of malleability despite the religious politicization and occasional interreligious violence of the past decades. Drawing on recent anthropological research, this article shows that people of different religious denominations still visit Sufi shrines, that Hindus still incorporate ritual elements and divine beings from the religious traditions of their Others and that they exercise a wide personal choice in terms of spiritual activities, thus enabling spiritual paths that cross in and out of Hinduism. In a Hindu context rituals do not necessarily have an insulating effect; they may also provide points of intersection that open up toward the Other, thus fostering familiarity and recognition. Similar arguments have been made for Buddhist settings. The question is thus whether the current scholarship of cosmopolitanism may entail a certain monotheistic bias that needs to accounted for, something that is of particular importance when theorizing in ways that make universal claims.

Quand observations et interprétations diffèrent : le cas de l'arc de triomphe de Tripoli dans les sources arabes

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Anis Mkacher
Keyword(s):  
Local History ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe only building which has been preserved from the ancient urban fabric of Tripoli, Oea in antiquity, is the Triumphal Arch. By considering Arab sources, we may shed new light on its evolution, the place it had been in the past and the way it was considered during those times. If we compare two excerpts from Arab-Muslim historiography, written by local travellers, with Western testimonies, we see that the monument was reinterpreted in the light of the new culture which was established in the region and of the local history of the city.

scholarly journals Perkembangan Islam di Pulau Ambalau: Kajian atas Data Arkeologi dan Tradisi Makam Islam Berundak

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Wuri Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Archaeological Artifacts

AbstrakKajian terhadap perkembangan Islam salah satunya menyangkut apek karakteristik Islam dapat dilihat melalui lensa arkeologi berdasarkan temuan artefak maupun fitur. Dalam aspek budaya material tersebut, dapat memperlihatkan perkembangan nilai budaya yang terkandung dalam konteks sistem dan transformasi nilai budaya sejak masa lampau hingga kini. Data arkeologi yang menunjukkan karakter megalitis hingga data arkeologi Islam serta tradisi keagamaan yang berlaku pada mayarakat Ambalau, memberikan gambaran tentang perkembangan religi mayarakat lokal sejak kepercayaan atau religi masa prasejarah hingga munculnya Islam. Dari data arkeologi dan tradisi yang masih bertahan, memberikan gambaran bahwa agama Islam berkembang dengan tetap mengakomodir kepercayaan lokal yang berbasis pada kepercayaan terhadap leluhur. Bentuk makam kuno berundak, adalah salah satu wujud material budaya yang menggambarkan bahwa masyarakat sangat menghormati leluhur. AbstractThe study on the development of Islam one of which involves stale Islamic characteristics can be seen through the lens based on the findings of archaeological artifacts and features. In the aspect of material culture, can show the development of cultural values   embodied in the context of the system and transformation of cultural values from the past until now. Archaeological data indicate that the data character megalitis Islamic archeology and religious traditions prevailing in society Ambalau, gives an overview of the development of local people’s religious beliefs or religious since prehistoric times until the advent of Islam. Of archaeological data and traditions still survive, giving the impression that Islam evolved with fixed accommodate local beliefs based on trust towards ancestors. The shape of an ancient tomb staircase, is one manifestation of cultural material that illustrates that the community is honoring ancestors.

scholarly journals Countrywide Epidemics as “Visits of the Horseman of Death” in Hungary

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 135-156
Author(s):  
Éva Bruckner
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

For thou­sands of years Hun­gary has, for the most part, been a transit zone for other na­tions’ armies or a tar­get of con­quest. As a res­ult, the Four Horse­men of the Apo­ca­lypse: Con­quest, War, Fam­ine and Death were ravaging mostly at the same time. Among them, Death is “the deputy of hell”, which can des­troy everything by dis­eases and epi­dem­ics. This study is a brief re­view of the in­fec­tious dis­eases which rav­aged vari­ous re­gions in Hun­gary dur­ing the past cen­tur­ies, fol­lowed by a more elab­or­ate de­scrip­tion of those that tar­geted the whole coun­try: plague, chol­era and Span­ish flu. With the help of doc­u­ments which have not been re­vealed so far, the study sheds light on in­ter­est­ing stor­ies, like the way the plague helped the city of Pest to be­come the cap­ital city, or how Hun­garian doc­tors could suc­cess­fully cure tuber­cu­losis in the unique cli­mate of the Tatra Moun­tains. At the turn of the 19th and 20th cen­tur­ies, chol­era triggered a de­vel­op­ment in pub­lic health­care and hy­giene that still has its im­pacts felt to date. The coronavirus, which has hit us in the 21st cen­tury, is stud­ied with a focus on its ef­fects on our cur­rent so­ci­ety.

CONCEIVING THE CANON IN DVAITA VEDANTA: MADHVA'S DOCTRINE OF "ALL SACRED LORE"

Numen ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Stoker
Keyword(s):  
Internal Structure ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Hindu Tradition ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Indian ◽  
The Face ◽  
Academic Discussion

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed a growing scholarly interest in the Veda's status as a canon for precolonial, Brahminical Hinduism. In an effort to refute the notion that Hinduism is a purely Orientalist construct, several scholars have attempted to locate an indigenous set of shared religious beliefs in Brahmins' consistent reference to the Veda as the standard for religious orthodoxy. Yet even as such arguments posit the Veda as a unifying feature for the diverse Hindu tradition, their very emphasis on the Veda's role as a canon reveals a plurality of understandings of the Veda's nature and message. Heeding J.Z. Smith's (1982) assessment of the role of canon in religious traditions, scholars interested in the Veda's significance for Hinduism have analyzed how specific Brahmin communities innovatively reinterpret the Veda to preserve its relevance in the face of changing circumstances. Because these circumstances are often beyond the pale of Brahminical society, scholarly emphasis on the Veda's canonicity historicizes the Brahminical tradition, highlights that tradition's links to other communities, and breaks down the Orientalist monolith. This article contributes to this ongoing academic discussion by considering the historically significant, highly controversial, and yet insufficiently understood construction of the Vedic canon on the part of Tau.lava philosopher and saint, Śrī Madhvācārya (1238-1317). Focusing on Madhva's doctrine of sarvavidyājāta or "the collection of all sacred lore" presented in his R.gvedic commentary, this article examines how Madhva challenges common conceptions of the Vedic canon's external parameters, internal structure, and core truths in ways that still invoke established exegetical norms. I argue that both the success and the controversy surrounding Madhva's version of the canon indicate that the category of Vedic orthodoxy was central to medieval South Indian Brahminical identity. At the same time, however, notions of normative and non-normative Vedic exegesis were being reconsidered in light of changing religious needs.

scholarly journals LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES AND URBAN SPRAWL IN RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA: AN ANALYSIS USING MULTI-TEMPORAL LANDSAT DATA AND SHANNON'S ENTROPY INDEX

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B8 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Shannon’S Entropy ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Landsat Data ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Shannon's Entropy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City

The city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia has experienced rapid population growth and urban expansion over the past several decades. Due to such growth, the capital city faces many short and long-term social and environmental consequences. In order to monitor and mitigate some of these consequences, it is essential to examine the past changes and historical growth of the city. It is also essential to measure its urban sprawl over the past few decades. The objective of this study is to fulfil these goals. It does so by first examining the historical growth of the city of Riyadh. To do so, Landsat data over the past two and half decades are classified using a combination of supervised and unsupervised classification techniques. Based on the classification results, the study then uses Shannon’s Entropy to measure the urban sprawl in the city. The results show that from 1990-2009, the urban built-up area of the city has increased by 90% in the western, south-eastern, and northern parts. The Shannon’s entropy values show that the city is dispersing towards the outskirts of the city. The results from this study will assist city planners and government officials to plan, reduce, and perhaps mitigate some of the social and environmental consequences and enable the growth of the city in a sustainable manner in the near future.

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