Paragangliomas of the Head and Neck: A Practical Approach to Diagnosis and Review of Detailed Anatomy of Sites of Origin

Neurographics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
S.E. Noujaim ◽  
K.T. Brown ◽  
D.T. Walker ◽  
C.D. Hasbrook
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Jugular Fossa ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Carotid Space ◽  
Head And Neck Paragangliomas

Paragangliomas are slow-growing hypervascular neuroendocrine tumors that arise from neural crest paraganglia cells distributed throughout the body. The purpose of this article is to review the clinical presentation and imaging characteristics of paragangliomas of the head and neck, based on their sites of origin, and to discuss the differential diagnosis of lesions that can mimic them. This article also reviews detailed anatomy of the jugular fossa, temporal bone, and the carotid space, where most head and neck paragangliomas are found. This article is intended for neuroradiologists and neuroradiology trainees with varying degrees of experience as well as a broader audience of physician radiologists and nonradiologists who use imaging of the head and neck in their daily practice.Learning Objective: To recognize the clinical presentation and imaging characteristics of paragangliomas of the head and neck, based on their sites of origin, and to differentiate these tumors from lesions that can mimic them.

scholarly journals Unusual Site for a White Nodule on the Palatine Tonsil: Presentation, Differential Diagnosis, and Discussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ashwag Yagoub Aloyouny
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
The Body ◽  
Palatine Tonsil ◽  
Unusual Site ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Lymphoepithelial Cysts ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Introduction. Palatine tonsils are part of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, located in the oropharyngeal region. Although these tissues protect the body from foreign intruders, they are more prone to infections due to their anatomical structure and location. For instance, the differential diagnosis of a white lesion on the palatine tonsil can range from benign to malignant lesions. Oral lymphoepithelial cysts commonly arise as painless, yellowish nodules on the floor of the mouth and the ventral or lateral surface of the tongue. Case Presentation. This paper presents a rare case of an unusual site of a lymphoepithelial cyst (LEC) in the oral cavity. The lesion was located in the tonsil of a 20-year-old woman with a chief complaint of a painless, white lump in the back of the mouth for nine months. Discussion. The differential diagnosis of a white lesion on the palatine tonsil is caused by several factors, such as bacterial, viral, and fungal infections; trauma; stones; cysts; abscess; or cancer. In this case, both the clinical presentation and extra- and intraoral examinations were highly associated with LEC. Oral LEC etiopathogenesis is uncertain, and several theories have been proposed to discuss the causes of LEC. In addition, oral LEC could be monitored without surgical intervention if the nodule is asymptomatic. Conclusion. We emphasize the importance of a thorough clinical examination of oral and oropharyngeal lesions, which are usually neglected.

RECENT ADVANCES IN LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Indira Ananthapadmanab asamy ◽  
G. Rajaram ◽  
C.H.Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Self Antigen

Introduction: Autoimmunity is a condition in which the body's own cells which are immunocompetent and the antibodies, acts against its own self-antigen which will result in structural and functional damage to the body. The diseases caused by this phenomenon are called Autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases are more commonly seen in females. Hundred thousands of individuals in the Western countries are affected. The diagnosis is made from the clinical presentation of the patient with which a differential diagnosis is made, following which various tests both phenotyping methods and genotyping methods are carried out to conclude the nal diagnosis. Conclusion: The genotyping methods play the most important role in the laboratory diagnosis of systemic immune diseases.

scholarly journals Growth Rate Analysis of an Untreated Glomus Vagale on MRI

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Tzu-Yu Wang ◽  
Allen Yu-Yu Wang ◽  
Sheila Cheng ◽  
Lavier Gomes ◽  
Melville Da Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
History Of ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Serial Mri ◽  
Head And Neck Paragangliomas

Paragangliomas are slow growing, hypervascular neuroendocrine tumors that develop in the extra-adrenal paraganglion tissues. Paraganglioma involving the vagus nerve ganglia is termed glomus vagale. The slow growth of head and neck paragangliomas especially in the absence of symptom may obviate the necessity for any active intervention, in which case, a “wait and scan” policy is implemented involving long-term clinical and radiologic follow-ups. We present a case of a 71-year-old female with an untreated left glomus vagale who underwent a conservative “wait and rescan” plan of management and the tumor was observed with 8 serial MRI scans over a period of 7.4 years. A growth rate analysis was conducted which demonstrated a slow growth. A literature review of radiologic studies examining the natural history of head and neck paragangliomas was also performed.

scholarly journals Giant Pilomatrixoma Presenting in the Posterior Thorax, a Rare Location and the Largest Described

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gongidi ◽  
J. Meshekow ◽  
T. Holdbrook ◽  
P. Germaine
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Soft Tissue Neoplasm ◽  
Radiographic Features ◽  
Rare Location ◽  
Soft Tissue Masses ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Giant Pilomatrixoma

Pilomatrixoma is a common benign soft tissue neoplasm arising from hair follicle cells, typically not exceeding 3 cm and located mainly within the head and neck regions. Lesions greater than 3 cm or those located elsewhere are rare and are often not thought of or high on a differential diagnosis. Moreover, the radiographic features of pilomatrixoma are very nonspecific making the diagnosis even more difficult and rarely described in the radiology literature. We present the largest reported case of pilomatrixoma measuring 24 cm arising from the posterior thorax. Our hope is to increase awareness of this diagnosis for slow-growing soft tissue masses not located in the classically described locations of head and neck, explore the radiographic features on various imaging modalities, and review the current radiology literature.

scholarly journals Bilateral Temporal Bone Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: Radiologic Pearls

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira A. Coleman ◽  
Jane Matsumoto ◽  
Carrie M. Carr ◽  
Laurence J. Eckel ◽  
Amulya A. Nageswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Langerhans Cell ◽  
Lytic Lesion ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Multisystem Involvement

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare histiocytic disorder with an unpredictable clinical course and highly varied clinical presentation ranging from single system to multisystem involvement. Although head and neck involvement is common in LCH, isolated bilateral temporal bone involvement is exceedingly rare. Furthermore, LCH is commonly misinterpreted as mastoiditis, otitis media and otitis externa, delaying diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic management. To improve detection and time to treatment, it is imperative to have LCH in the differential diagnosis for unusual presentations of the aforementioned infectious head and neck etiologies. Any lytic lesion of the temporal bone identified by radiology should raise suspicion for LCH. We hereby describe the radiologic findings of a case of bilateral temporal bone LCH, originally misdiagnosed as mastoiditis.

scholarly journals Osteoma of mastoid temporal bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1097
Author(s):  
Gowri Sankar M. ◽  
Somanath B. M. ◽  
Raveendra P. Gadag ◽  
Manu C. B. ◽  
Nagaraj M.
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Giant Cell Tumour ◽  
Eosinophilic Granuloma ◽  
Bone Tumour ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Slow Growing

<p>Osteoma is a benign slow growing bone tumour with predominance in long bones, and is rare in the skull. They are a rare occurrence in the mastoid temporal bone, being usually asymptomatic and treated mainly for cosmetic reasons. We report a case of a young female who presented with a history of swelling in the left post aural region since 10 years. Swelling was gradually increasing in size and was painless. Patient underwent excision of the tumour without any significant complication. As per our knowledge this appears to be the largest tumour reported in literature. The clinical presentation and radiological features of osteoma are characteristic but differential diagnosis should include eosinophilic granuloma, giant cell tumour, monostotic fibrous dysplasia, solitary variant of multiple osteoma, and osteoblastic metastasis. Osteomas present on the mastoid or squamous portion of the temporal bone need to be dealt for cosmetic purposes or if they are causing symptoms, while surgery should include careful removal of periosteal cover and safe margin of the mastoid cortex around it. </p>

Miscellaneous Tumors and Tumorlike Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
John Meyer ◽  
Nabeel Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Context ◽  
Short List ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Musculoskeletal Lesions ◽  
Skeletal Lesions

Chapter 62 discusses miscellaneous tumors and tumorlike conditions. A number of commonly encountered primary benign and malignant skeletal lesions, including cystlike and lipomatous lesions, do not fall within the histological categories noted in other chapters. As with all subspecialties in radiology, taking the clinical context, such as patient’s age and symptoms, into account when interpreting a study is invaluable. The differential diagnosis for many musculoskeletal lesions can be narrowed down to a short list simply by considering the age of the patient and location of the lesion, both within the body and within an individual bone. Just as much attention should be directed to learning these clinical features as the imaging characteristics for each lesion.

scholarly journals A rare case of huge congenital parieto-occipital teratoma in a female infant: An unusual site of occurrence

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Kabir Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Infant ◽  
Germ Layer ◽  
Unusual Site ◽  
Dorsal Midline ◽  
Critical Information

Teratomas are considered the most common congenital tumors located on the dorsal midline and arise from cells derived from more than one germ layer (i.e. ectodermic, endodermis and mesodermic) at different regions of the body. Those in the head and neck regions are considered rare with an incidence of 1-3.5% of all cases. Imaging provides critical information that helps in formulating differential diagnosis even though, history and physical examination provides critical information in making the diagnosis. A successfully surgically treated case of an usually huge parietooccipital teratoma in a 40 days old girl was presented with emphasis on the importance of imaging in diagnosis and management.

scholarly journals Potential Biomarkers of Metastasizing Paragangliomas and Pheochromocytomas

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1179
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Snezhkina ◽  
Vladislav Pavlov ◽  
Alexey Dmitriev ◽  
Nataliya Melnikova ◽  
Anna Kudryavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Malignancy Risk ◽  
Criteria Of Malignancy ◽  
Head And Neck Paragangliomas ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors originating from paraganglionic tissue in many sites of the body. Most PPGLs are characterized by nonaggressive behavior but all of them have the potential to metastasize. PPGLs represent a great diagnostic dilemma as it is difficult to recognize tumors that are likely to be metastasizing; criteria of malignancy can be found both in benign and metastatic forms. This review aims to analyze the current knowledge of the nature of metastasizing PPGLs paying particular attention to head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs). Potential predictors of the malignancy risk for PPGLs were summarized and discussed. These data may also help in the development of diagnostic and prognostic strategies, as well as in the identification of novel potential therapeutic targets for patients with PPGLs.

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