Embryogenesis of the Olfactory System: Part I: Embryogenesis of the Olfactory Nasal Mucosa and the Olfactory Bulb

Neurographics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Som ◽  
T.P. Naidich
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
System Part

scholarly journals Extinction reverses olfactory fear-conditioned increases in neuron number and glomerular size

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (41) ◽  
pp. 12846-12851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomene G. Morrison ◽  
Brian G. Dias ◽  
Kerry J. Ressler
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Extinction Training ◽  
Odor Stimulus ◽  
Main Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Odor Learning

Although much work has investigated the contribution of brain regions such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex to the processing of fear learning and memory, fewer studies have examined the role of sensory systems, in particular the olfactory system, in the detection and perception of cues involved in learning and memory. The primary sensory receptive field maps of the olfactory system are exquisitely organized and respond dynamically to cues in the environment, remaining plastic from development through adulthood. We have previously demonstrated that olfactory fear conditioning leads to increased odorant-specific receptor representation in the main olfactory epithelium and in glomeruli within the olfactory bulb. We now demonstrate that olfactory extinction training specific to the conditioned odor stimulus reverses the conditioning-associated freezing behavior and odor learning-induced structural changes in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb in an odorant ligand-specific manner. These data suggest that learning-induced freezing behavior, structural alterations, and enhanced neural sensory representation can be reversed in adult mice following extinction training.

scholarly journals Region-specific amyloid-β accumulation in the olfactory system influences olfactory sensory neuronal dysfunction in 5xFAD mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowoon Son ◽  
Seung-Jun Yoo ◽  
Shinwoo Kang ◽  
Ameer Rasheed ◽  
Da Hae Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Olfactory Sensory Neurons ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
5Xfad Mouse ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
5Xfad Mice

Abstract Background Hyposmia in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a typical early symptom according to numerous previous clinical studies. Although amyloid-β (Aβ), which is one of the toxic factors upregulated early in AD, has been identified in many studies, even in the peripheral areas of the olfactory system, the pathology involving olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) remains poorly understood. Methods Here, we focused on peripheral olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and delved deeper into the direct relationship between pathophysiological and behavioral results using odorants. We also confirmed histologically the pathological changes in 3-month-old 5xFAD mouse models, which recapitulates AD pathology. We introduced a numeric scale histologically to compare physiological phenomenon and local tissue lesions regardless of the anatomical plane. Results We observed the odorant group that the 5xFAD mice showed reduced responses to odorants. These also did not physiologically activate OSNs that propagate their axons to the ventral olfactory bulb. Interestingly, the amount of accumulated amyloid-β (Aβ) was high in the OSNs located in the olfactory epithelial ectoturbinate and the ventral olfactory bulb glomeruli. We also observed irreversible damage to the ectoturbinate of the olfactory epithelium by measuring the impaired neuronal turnover ratio from the basal cells to the matured OSNs. Conclusions Our results showed that partial and asymmetrical accumulation of Aβ coincided with physiologically and structurally damaged areas in the peripheral olfactory system, which evoked hyporeactivity to some odorants. Taken together, partial olfactory dysfunction closely associated with peripheral OSN’s loss could be a leading cause of AD-related hyposmia, a characteristic of early AD.

scholarly journals A Mathematical Model of the Olfactory Bulb for the Selective Adaptation Mechanism in the Rodent Olfactory System

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0165230
Author(s):  
Zu Soh ◽  
Shinya Nishikawa ◽  
Yuichi Kurita ◽  
Noboru Takiguchi ◽  
Toshio Tsuji
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Selective Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism

Single Cell Spike Activity in the Olfactory Bulb

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond R. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Class I ◽  
Olfactory Stimulation ◽  
Fundamental Characteristic ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Discharge Patterns

Studies of single-cell spike discharges in the olfactory bulb of the rabbit indicate the presence of three classes of neurons as characterized by their discharge patterns. Cells of class I discharge continuously and spontaneously; class II cells discharge intermittently in bursts, in synchrony with the passage of air through the nose. Cells of classes I and II are unmodified during olfactory stimulation. It appears there are many cells in the olfactory bulb whose discharge patterns are unrelated to excitation of the olfactory receptors by odors. Cells of class III respond to appropriate odors; the response of such cells to some odors and not others indicates that odor specificity is a fundamental characteristic of the olfactory system.

scholarly journals Olfactory ensheathing cells from the nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb have distinct membrane properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E. Smith ◽  
Katherine Whitcroft ◽  
Stuart Law ◽  
Peter Andrews ◽  
David Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Distinct Membrane

Olfactory bulb ventricles as a frequent finding in magnetic resonance imaging studies of the olfactory system

Neuroscience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 482-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Smitka ◽  
N. Abolmaali ◽  
M. Witt ◽  
J.C. Gerber ◽  
W. Neuhuber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Frequent Finding

Information coding in the olfactory system: Evidence for a stereotyped and highly organized epitope map in the olfactory bulb

Cell ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry J. Ressler ◽  
Susan L. Sullivan ◽  
Linda B. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Information Coding
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