scholarly journals Olfactory ensheathing cells from the nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb have distinct membrane properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E. Smith ◽  
Katherine Whitcroft ◽  
Stuart Law ◽  
Peter Andrews ◽  
David Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Distinct Membrane

scholarly journals Olfactory ensheathing cells from the nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb have distinct membrane properties

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie E. Smith ◽  
Katherine Whitcroft ◽  
Stuart Law ◽  
Peter Andrews ◽  
David Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
List Type ◽  
Molecular Physiology ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Axonal Regrowth ◽  
Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Inward Currents

AbstractTransplantation of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells (OECs) is a potential therapy for the regeneration of damaged neurons. While they maintain tissue homeostasis in the olfactory mucosa (OM) and olfactory bulb (OB), their regenerative properties also support the normal sense of smell by enabling continual turnover and axonal regrowth of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). However, the molecular physiology of OECs is not fully understood, especially that of OECs from the mucosa. Here, we carried out whole-cell patch clamp recordings from individual OECs cultured from the OM and OB of the adult rat, and from the human OM. A subset of OECs from the rat OM cultured 1-3 days in vitro (DIV) had large weakly rectifying K+ currents, which were sensitive to Ba2+ and desipramine, blockers of Kir4-family channels. Kir4.1 immunofluorescence was detectable in OM cells co-labelled for the OEC marker S100, and found adjacent to axons of OSNs. OECs cultured from rat OB had distinct properties though, displaying strongly rectifying inward currents at hyperpolarized membrane potentials and strongly rectifying outward currents at depolarized potentials. Kir4.1 immunofluorescence was not evident in OECs adjacent to axons of OSNs in the OB. A subset of human OECs cultured from the OM of adults had membrane properties comparable to those of the rat OM, i.e. dominated by Ba2+-sensitive weak inwardly rectifying currents. The membrane properties of peripheral OECs are different to those in central OECs, suggesting they may play distinct roles during olfaction.Table of Contents ImageMain pointsPeripheral and central OECs are functionally distinctPeripheral OECs have large weak inward rectifier currentsCentral OECs have strong inward and outward rectifier currents

Olfactory ensheathing cells: Attractant of neural progenitor migration to olfactory bulb

Glia ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. NA-NA ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Zhu ◽  
Li Cao ◽  
Zhida Su ◽  
Lifang Mu ◽  
Yimin Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Neural Progenitor ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

Olfactory ensheathing cells in the nasal mucosa of the rat and human

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Choi ◽  
S. Law ◽  
G. Raisman ◽  
D. Li
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection regulates expression of neurotrophic factors in the olfactory bulb and cultured olfactory ensheathing cells

Neuroscience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ruiz-Mendoza ◽  
H. Macedo-Ramos ◽  
F.A. Santos ◽  
L.C. Quadros-de-Souza ◽  
M.M. Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

scholarly journals Gli3 regulates vomeronasal neurogenesis, olfactory ensheathing cell formation and GnRH-1 neuronal migration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed Zandro M. Taroc ◽  
Ankana Naik ◽  
Jennifer M. Lin ◽  
Nicolas B. Peterson ◽  
David L. Keefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Whole Exome Sequencing Data

AbstractDuring mammalian development, gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-1 neurons (GnRH-1ns) migrate from the developing vomeronasal organ (VNO) into the brain asserting control of pubertal onset and fertility. Recent data suggest that correct development of the olfactory ensheathing cells (OEC) is imperative for normal GnRH-1 neuronal migration. However, the full ensemble of molecular pathways that regulate OEC development remains to be fully deciphered. Loss-of-function of the transcription factor Gli3 is known to disrupt olfactory development, however, if Gli3 plays a role in GnRH-1 neuronal development is unclear. By analyzing Gli3 extra-toe mutants (Gli3Xt/Xt), we found that Gli3 loss-of-function compromises the onset of achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 1 (Ascl-1) positive vomeronasal progenitors and the formation of OEC in the nasal mucosa. Surprisingly, GnRH-1 neurogenesis was intact in Gli3Xt/Xt mice but they displayed significant defects in GnRH-1 neuronal migration. In contrast, Ascl-1null mutants showed reduced neurogenesis for both vomeronasal and GnRH-1ns but less severe defects in OEC development. These observations suggest that Gli3 is critical for OEC development in the nasal mucosa and subsequent GnRH-1 neuronal migration. However, the non-overlapping phenotypes between Ascl-1 and Gli3 mutants indicate that Ascl-1, while crucial for GnRH-1 neurogenesis, is not required for normal OEC development. Since Kallmann syndrome (KS) is characterized by abnormal GnRH migration, we examined whole exome sequencing data from KS subjects. We identified and validated a GLI3 loss-of-function variant in a KS individual. These findings provide new insights into GnRH-1 and OECs development and demonstrate that human GLI3 mutations contribute to KS etiology.Significance statementThe transcription factor Gli3 is necessary for correct development of the olfactory system. However, if Gli3 plays a role in controlling GnRH-1 neuronal development has not been addressed. We found that Gli3 loss-of-function compromises the onset of Ascl1+ vomeronasal progenitors, formation of olfactory ensheathing cells in the nasal mucosa and impairs GnRH-1 neuronal migration to the brain. By analyzing Ascl1 null mutants we dissociated the neurogenic defects observed in Gli3 mutants from lack of olfactory ensheathing cells in the nasal mucosa, moreover, we discovered that Ascl1 is necessary for GnRH-1 ontogeny. Analyzing human whole exome sequencing data, we identified a GLI3 loss-of-function variant in a KS individual. Our data suggest that GLI3 is a candidate gene contributing to KS etiology.

The olfactory bulb and olfactory mucosa obtained from human cadaver donors as a source of olfactory ensheathing cells

Glia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Miedzybrodzki ◽  
Pawel Tabakow ◽  
Wojciech Fortuna ◽  
Bogdan Czapiga ◽  
Wlodzimierz Jarmundowicz
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Ensheathing Cells
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