scholarly journals Functional Connectivity MR Imaging of the Language Network in Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pravatà ◽  
C. Sestieri ◽  
D. Mantini ◽  
C. Briganti ◽  
G. Colicchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Language Network

Reading in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy was related to functional connectivity in cognitive control regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 2105-2111
Author(s):  
Dror Kraus ◽  
Jennifer Vannest ◽  
Ravindra Arya ◽  
John S. Hutton ◽  
James L. Leach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Control Regions

scholarly journals Neuroimaging in drug resistant epilepsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 4063
Author(s):  
Namrita Sachdev ◽  
Shivani Gupta ◽  
Akhila Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Mr Imaging ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
3T Mr

Background: Epilepsy is a common serious neurological condition and 30 to 40 % of people with epilepsy have seizures that are not controlled by medication. Patients are considered to have drug resistant epilepsy if disabling seizures continue despite appropriate trials of two anti-epileptic drugs. Most lesions causing drug resistant epilepsy can be detected by 3T MR Imaging using dedicated epilepsy protocol which is crucial for diagnostic and subsequent therapeutic planning with benefit from surgery. We present a review of the major abnormalities related to drug resistant epilepsy, highlighting the key findings of 3 T MRI.Methods: A Cross-sectional Observational study was done in 30 patients. Patients less than 60 yrs of age of either sex, diagnosed with DRE as per ILAE criteria, were included in the study. 3T MRI was performed using dedicated epilepsy protocol, with additional 3D imaging for manual hippocampal volumetric evaluation.Results: About 77% cases showed an MRI abnormality on visual assessment, with additional 16% cases showing abnormal MRI findings on manual hippocampal volumetry. Nearly 50% of the abnormal MRI cases showed Mesial Temporal Sclerosis, followed by neoplasms as etiology of DRE.Conclusions: MR imaging has significantly improved detection of pathologies related to epilepsy, especially with the advent of epilepsy protocol. The total percentage of MRI abnormalities increased after incorporating manual hippocampal volumetry.

scholarly journals Altered Relationship Between Heart Rate Variability and fMRI-Based Functional Connectivity in People With Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michalis Kassinopoulos ◽  
Ronald M. Harper ◽  
Maxime Guye ◽  
Louis Lemieux ◽  
Beate Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Rr Interval ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Background: Disruptions in central autonomic processes in people with epilepsy have been studied through evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV). Decreased HRV appears in epilepsy compared to healthy controls, suggesting a shift in autonomic balance toward sympathetic dominance; recent studies have associated HRV changes with seizure severity and outcome of interventions. However, the processes underlying these autonomic changes remain unclear. We examined the nature of these changes by assessing alterations in whole-brain functional connectivity, and relating those alterations to HRV.Methods: We examined regional brain activity and functional organization in 28 drug-resistant epilepsy patients and 16 healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We employed an HRV state-dependent functional connectivity (FC) framework with low and high HRV states derived from the following four cardiac-related variables: 1. RR interval, 2. root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), 4. low-frequency HRV (0.04–0.15 Hz; LF-HRV) and high-frequency HRV (0.15–0.40 Hz; HF-HRV). The effect of group (epilepsy vs. controls), HRV state (low vs. high) and the interactions of group and state were assessed using a mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA). We assessed FC within and between 7 large-scale functional networks consisting of cortical regions and 4 subcortical networks, the amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia and thalamus networks.Results: Consistent with previous studies, decreased RR interval (increased heart rate) and decreased HF-HRV appeared in people with epilepsy compared to healthy controls. For both groups, fluctuations in heart rate were positively correlated with BOLD activity in bilateral thalamus and regions of the cerebellum, and negatively correlated with BOLD activity in the insula, putamen, superior temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus. Connectivity strength in patients between right thalamus and ventral attention network (mainly insula) increased in the high LF-HRV state compared to low LF-HRV; the opposite trend appeared in healthy controls. A similar pattern emerged for connectivity between the thalamus and basal ganglia.Conclusion: The findings suggest that resting connectivity patterns between the thalamus and other structures underlying HRV expression are modified in people with drug-resistant epilepsy compared to healthy controls.

scholarly journals Categorizing cortical dysplasia lesions for surgical outcome using network functional connectivity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Abdullah S. Bdaiwi ◽  
Hansel M. Greiner ◽  
James Leach ◽  
Francesco T. Mangano ◽  
Mark W. DiFrancesco
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Cortical Dysplasia ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is often associated with drug-resistant epilepsy, leading to a recommendation to surgically remove the seizure focus. Predicting outcome for resection of FCD is challenging, requiring a new approach. Lesion-symptom mapping is a powerful and broadly applicable method for linking neurological symptoms or outcomes to damage to particular brain regions. In this work, the authors applied lesion network mapping, an expansion of the traditional approach, to search for the association of lesion network connectivity with surgical outcomes. They hypothesized that connectivity of lesion volumes, preoperatively identified by MRI, would associate with seizure outcomes after surgery in a pediatric cohort with FCD. METHODS This retrospective study included 21 patients spanning the ages of 3 months to 17.7 years with FCD lesions who underwent surgery for drug-resistant epilepsy. The mean brain-wide functional connectivity map of each lesion volume was assessed across a database of resting-state functional MRI data from healthy children (spanning approximately 2.9 to 18.9 years old) compiled at the authors’ institution. Lesion connectivity maps were averaged across age and sex groupings from the database and matched to each patient. The authors sought to associate voxel-wise differences in these maps with subject-specific surgical outcome (seizure free vs persistent seizures). RESULTS Lesion volumes with persistent seizures after surgery tended to have stronger connectivity to attention and motor networks and weaker connectivity to the default mode network compared with lesion volumes with seizure-free surgical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Network connectivity–based lesion-outcome mapping may offer new insight for determining the impact of lesion volumes discerned according to both size and specific location. The results of this pilot study could be validated with a larger set of data, with the ultimate goal of allowing examination of lesions in patients with FCD and predicting their surgical outcomes.

A RARE CASE OF DRUG-RESISTANT EPILEPSY ASSOCIATED WITH CORTICAL MICRODYSGENESIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Zabrodskaya ◽  
◽  
D.A. Sitovskaya ◽  
S.M. Malyshev ◽  
T.V. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy
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