scholarly journals Stem Cells, Radial Glial Cells, and a Unified Origin of Brain Tumors

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial

scholarly journals Specification of CNS glia from neural stem cells in the embryonic neuroepithelium

2007 ◽  
Vol 363 (1489) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Kessaris ◽  
Nigel Pringle ◽  
William D Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Extracellular Signals ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radial Glial

All the neurons and glial cells of the central nervous system are generated from the neuroepithelial cells in the walls of the embryonic neural tube, the ‘embryonic neural stem cells’. The stem cells seem to be equivalent to the so-called ‘radial glial cells’, which for many years had been regarded as a specialized type of glial cell. These radial cells generate different classes of neurons in a position-dependent manner. They then switch to producing glial cells (oligodendrocytes and astrocytes). It is not known what drives the neuron–glial switch, although downregulation of pro-neural basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors is one important step. This drives the stem cells from a neurogenic towards a gliogenic mode. The stem cells then choose between developing as oligodendrocytes or astrocytes, of which there might be intrinsically different subclasses. This review focuses on the different extracellular signals and intracellular responses that influence glial generation and the choice between oligodendrocyte and astrocyte fates.

scholarly journals Persistent Expression of VCAM1 in Radial Glial Cells Is Required for the Embryonic Origin of Postnatal Neural Stem Cells

Neuron ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-325.e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ling Hu ◽  
Guo Chen ◽  
Sanguo Zhang ◽  
Jiangli Zheng ◽  
Jun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Radial Glial

scholarly journals Regulation of nestin expression by thrombin and cell density in cultures of bone mesenchymal stem cells and radial glial cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Wautier ◽  
Sabine Wislet-Gendebien ◽  
Grazyna Chanas ◽  
Bernard Rogister ◽  
Pierre Leprince
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Nestin Expression ◽  
Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial

Glial Cells as Progenitors and Stem Cells: New Roles in the Healthy and Diseased Brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leda Dimou ◽  
Magdalena Götz
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Glial Progenitors ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Radial Glial

The diverse functions of glial cells prompt the question to which extent specific subtypes may be devoted to a specific function. We discuss this by reviewing one of the most recently discovered roles of glial cells, their function as neural stem cells (NSCs) and progenitor cells. First we give an overview of glial stem and progenitor cells during development; these are the radial glial cells that act as NSCs and other glial progenitors, highlighting the distinction between the lineage of cells in vivo and their potential when exposed to a different environment, e.g., in vitro. We then proceed to the adult stage and discuss the glial cells that continue to act as NSCs across vertebrates and others that are more lineage-restricted, such as the adult NG2-glia, the most frequent progenitor type in the adult mammalian brain, that remain within the oligodendrocyte lineage. Upon certain injury conditions, a distinct subset of quiescent astrocytes reactivates proliferation and a larger potential, clearly demonstrating the concept of heterogeneity with distinct subtypes of, e.g., astrocytes or NG2-glia performing rather different roles after brain injury. These new insights not only highlight the importance of glial cells for brain repair but also their great potential in various aspects of regeneration.

scholarly journals Radial glial cells in the adult dentate gyrus: what are they and where do they come from?

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Berg ◽  
Allison M. Bond ◽  
Guo-li Ming ◽  
Hongjun Song
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Neural Precursor Cells ◽  
Neural Precursor ◽  
Subgranular Zone ◽  
Adult Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Radial Glial

Adult neurogenesis occurs in the dentate gyrus in the mammalian hippocampus. These new neurons arise from neural precursor cells named radial glia-like cells, which are situated in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Here, we review the emerging topic of precursor heterogeneity in the adult subgranular zone. We also discuss how this heterogeneity may be established during development and focus on the embryonic origin of the dentate gyrus and radial glia-like stem cells. Finally, we discuss recently developed single-cell techniques, which we believe will be critical to comprehensively investigate adult neural stem cell origin and heterogeneity.

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