scholarly journals SEROTYPING AND ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY TESTING OF ENTEROBACTERIAL PATHOGENS IN DIARRHOEAL PATIENTS OF KATHMANDU

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (143) ◽  
pp. 392-6
Author(s):  
Abhignya Subedi ◽  
C D Shrestha ◽  
R P Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Shigella Spp

In a study carried out at National Public Health Laboratory, Teku, 236 samples werecollected from the diarrhoeal patients and half of them were The patients below 15years of age. Altogether 61 pathogens belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceaewere isolated. The presence of pathogens in the patterns below 5 years was highlysignificant (P<0.05%). E coli was most common (68.8%) followed by Salmonella spp.(16.4%) and Shigella spp. (14.7%). Enteropathogenic was E. coli was the most frequentisolate (71.4%) among the pathogenic E. coli. Similarly, Salmonella typhimuriumwas the commonest salmonellae and Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri werethe most commonly isolated shigellae. Most of the pathogens were sensitive toCiprofloxacin (72.1%) and least was sensitive to Ampicillin (9.8%). Only 4.9% of thepathogens were sensitive to all the antibiotics tested.

scholarly journals Occurrence, Distribution and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacteria Isolated from Some Selected Fishes Sold in Bodija Market, Ibadan, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
O. B. Balogun ◽  
O. Ogunsanmi ◽  
I. O. Olutimehin
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Prochilodus Lineatus ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

Fish constitutes the cheapest source of animal protein in the world. The nutritional qualities and the shelf ability of fish can be affected due to microbial contamination after harvesting. Hence, this study is designed to investigate the microbiological analysis of fish and the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolated bacteria from some selected fish sold in Bodija Market in Ibadan, Nigeria. Three different fish samples: Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Sabalo fish (Prochilodus lineatus) and Tadpole fish (Raniceps raninus) were bought from Bodija market in an ice packed bag and then transported to Microbiology laboratory for further analyses. Microbial analysis were carried out using serial dilution and pour plate methods. The antibiotic sensitivity pattern on the bacteria isolates were carried out using commercial antibiotics. E. coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia spp, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp were isolated. Gram negative bacteria were more susceptible to most of the antibiotics used than gram positive bacteria. E. coli showed the highest susceptibility to all the antibiotics with varied zone of inhibitions. Salmonella spp show the highest susceptibility to septrin with the lowest zone of inhibition to pefloxacin. Shigella spp had the lowest zone of inhibition to gentamycin, rocephin, septrin and erythromycin when compared to other bacterial isolates. Serratia spp exhibited highest zone of inhibition to gentamycin. Fish contamination can be averted by employing good environmental conditions and preservation methods to avoid spoilage. The antibiotics sensitivity showed that all the bacteria isolated were more susceptible to antibiotics, thereby developing a resistant strain.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibilities of enteric bacterial pathogens isolated in Kathmandu, Nepal, during 2002-2004

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palpasa Kansakar ◽  
Pankaj Baral ◽  
Sarala Malla ◽  
Gokarna Raj Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Introduction: The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the bacterial enteropathogens Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella species and Shigella species were investigated. Methodology: A total of 877 stool samples were received for culture at the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Kathmandu, Nepal, during January 2002 to December 2004, from diarrhoea patients attending Shukraraj Tropical Infectious Hospital and referral outpatients. All samples collected were processed for isolation and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Results: Of the 877 stool samples, 148 (16.8%) were culture positive for one of the three bacterial enteropathogens investigated. Among them, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. accounted for 98/877 (11.1%), 41/877 (4.6%), 9/877 (1.02%) of the isolates respectively. A year-to-year variation was seen in the type of predominant organism, with Shigella spp. being the most prevalent in 2002 and 2003 and Vibrio spp. in 2004. In all three years, Vibrio cholerae were encountered only during the months of April to June while Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were isolated throughout the whole year. All Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.  All Shigella isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Ciprofloxacin resistance was observed among isolates of Shigella dysenteriae type-1 isolated after 2003. Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella infections are prevalent in Kathmandu, Nepal. A gradual increase in resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was seen among bacterial enteropathogens. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is necessary to guide empirical treatment.

Bacteria and Viral Profile of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections of Children Attending Yangon Children’s Hospital and Yankin Children’s Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Objectives of study are (1) to reinforce the national capacity for diagnosis and antibiogram of some infectious diseases causing severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and (2) to build a network between hospital and laboratory for the diagnosis and surveillance of SARI in Yangon. This study is a crosssectional hospital- and laboratory-based descriptive study. A total of 825 samples including respiratory samples and blood samples from 511 children attending Yangon Children’s Hospital and Yankin Children’s Hospital from December 2014 to April 2016 for treatment of SARI were included. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were done using Vitek 2. Out of 129 gram-negative bacilli (GNB), K. pneumoniae 32%, P. aeruginosa 18%, A. baumannii 13%, E. coli 9% were mostly isolated. Among 35 gram-positive cocci (GPC), S. aureus 42% and S. pneumoniae 6% were mostly isolated. Multidrug resistance rates were E. coli 100%, K. pneumoniae 95%, A. baumanii 82% and P. aeruginosa 17%. Extended-spectrum beta-latamase (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae and E. coli was 6 out of 10 tested organisms. Carbarpenemase-producing GNB and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 21% and 33%, respectively. Virology section tested 529 samples of 490 patients using the FTD33 Multiplex PCR method which can detect 33 pathogens including 20 viruses, 12 bacteria and 1 fungus. Out of 490 patients, 374 were PCR positive. Different types of samples including nasopharyngeal, throat, endotracheal and laryngeal swab, tracheal secretion and bronchoalveolar lavage, were tested. Out of 566 viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (19.3%), rhinovirus (17.0%), parechovirus (14.3%), bocavirus (11.1%), adenovirus (10.2%), metapneumo-virus A and B (10.2%), parainfluenza virus (5.7%), enterovirus (3.0%), influenza A virus (2.8%), coronavirus (4%), parainfluenza virus (0.9%) and influenza C virus (0.4%) were detected. This study highlighted the etiological agents of bacteria, viruses and drug-resistant bacterial pathogens in SARI.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity, Epidemiology and Virulence Factors of Salmonella species: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 460-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamègnon Victorien DOUGNON ◽  
Boris LEGBA ◽  
Esther DEGUENON ◽  
Gildas HOUNMANOU ◽  
Jerrold AGBANKPE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Salmonella Control

Salmonella infections are major public health problems worldwide. The hereby review aimed to establish an overview on the pathogenicity, epidemiology and virulence factors of Salmonella spp. in the world. A systematic search was conducted online using the keywords ‘Salmonella’, ‘Salmonella spp.’, ‘Salmonella spp. Epidemiology’, ‘virulence factors of Salmonella spp. in the world’, ‘bacteria responsible for the contamination of meat products’, ‘non-typhoid salmonella’. These keywords were entered into databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using mainly French language. The obtained articles were included based on the reliability of their source, the study area (usually Benin and Africa) and the subject. The review revealed that Salmonella spp. is motile Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, of the family Enterobacteriaceae, currently counting more than 2,600 serovars. Human contamination occurs through the ingestion of contaminated water and food and can cause gastroenteritis or typhoid fever, which are two serious public health problems. A gene set constituting the pathogenicity islands determines the pathogenesis of Salmonella spp. The diagnosis is based on bacteriological, serological and molecular techniques. Salmonella infections are usually treated using antibiotics; however, emergence of antibiotic resistance in these microorganisms suggests that the anti-salmonella control should explore new sources such as medicinal plants

scholarly journals Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. associated with dairy cattle and farm environment having public health significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 984-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Abdus Sobur ◽  
Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj ◽  
Ripon Sarker ◽  
A. M. M. Taufiqur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Lutful Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
One Health ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli

Aim: The present study was carried out to determine load of total bacteria, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in dairy farm and its environmental components. In addition, the antibiogram profile of the isolated bacteria having public health impact was also determined along with identification of virulence and resistance genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) under a one-health approach. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples of six types (cow dung - 15, milk - 10, milkers' hand wash - 10, soil - 10 water - 5, and vegetables - 10) were collected from four dairy farms. For enumeration, the samples were cultured onto plate count agar, eosin methylene blue, and xylose-lysine deoxycholate agar and the isolation and identification of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. were performed based on morphology, cultural, staining, and biochemical properties followed by PCR. The pathogenic strains of E. coli stx1, stx2, and rfbO157 were also identified through PCR. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against 12 commonly used antibiotics by disk diffusion method. Detection of antibiotic resistance genes ereA, tetA, tetB, and SHV were performed by PCR. Results: The mean total bacterial count, E. coli and Salmonella spp. count in the samples ranged from 4.54±0.05 to 8.65±0.06, 3.62±0.07 to 7.04±0.48, and 2.52±0.08 to 5.87±0.05 log colony-forming unit/g or ml, respectively. Out of 240 samples, 180 (75%) isolates of E. coli and 136 (56.67%) isolates of Salmonella spp. were recovered through cultural and molecular tests. Among the 180 E. coli isolates, 47 (26.11%) were found positive for the presence of all the three virulent genes, of which stx1 was the most prevalent (13.33%). Only three isolates were identified as enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that both E. coli and Salmonella spp. were found highly resistant to azithromycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and ertapenem and susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and imipenem. Among the four antibiotic resistance genes, the most observable was tetA (80.51-84.74%) in E. coli and Salmonella spp. and SHV genes were the lowest one (22.06-25%). Conclusion: Dairy farm and their environmental components carry antibiotic-resistant pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. that are potential threat for human health which requires a one-health approach to combat the threat.

scholarly journals High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance in Isolates From Diseased Livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Asyiqin Haulisah ◽  
Latiffah Hassan ◽  
Siti Khairani Bejo ◽  
Saleh Mohammed Jajere ◽  
Nur Indah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
High Level

Overuse of antimicrobials in livestock health and production beyond therapeutic needs has been highlighted in recent years as one of the major risk factors for the acceleration of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria in both humans and animals. While there is an abundance of reports on AMR in clinical isolates from humans, information regarding the patterns of resistance in clinical isolates from animals is scarce. Hence, a situational analysis of AMR based on clinical isolates from a veterinary diagnostic laboratory was performed to examine the extent and patterns of resistance demonstrated by isolates from diseased food animals. Between 2015 and 2017, 241 cases of diseased livestock were received. Clinical specimens from ruminants (cattle, goats and sheep), and non-ruminants (pigs and chicken) were received for culture and sensitivity testing. A total of 701 isolates were recovered from these specimens. From ruminants, Escherichia coli (n = 77, 19.3%) predominated, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (n = 73, 18.3%). Antibiotic sensitivity testing (AST) revealed that E. coli resistance was highest for penicillin, streptomycin, and neomycin (77–93%). In addition, S. aureus was highly resistant to neomycin, followed by streptomycin and ampicillin (68–82%). More than 67% of E. coli isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR) and only 2.6% were susceptible to all the tested antibiotics. Similarly, 65.6% of S. aureus isolates were MDR and only 5.5% were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. From non-ruminants, a total of 301 isolates were recovered. Escherichia coli (n = 108, 35.9%) and Staphylococcus spp. (n = 27, 9%) were the most frequent isolates obtained. For E. coli, the highest resistance was against amoxicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and neomycin (95–100%). Staphylococcus spp. had a high level of resistance to streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin (80–100%). The MDR levels of E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. isolates from non-ruminants were 72.2 and 74.1%, respectively. Significantly higher resistance level were observed among isolates from non-ruminants compared to ruminants for tetracycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

Mexican unpasteurised fresh cheeses are contaminated with Salmonella spp., non-O157 Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli and potential uropathogenic E. coli strains: A public health risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Guzman-Hernandez ◽  
Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez ◽  
Rosa Hernandez-Velez ◽  
Iza Perez-Martinez ◽  
Ahide Lopez-Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
E Coli

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for Salmonella Typhi isolated from blood in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mst Naznin Tarana ◽  
Samshad Jahan Shumu ◽  
Rashida Akter Khanam ◽  
Hosne Jahan ◽  
Soma Sarker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Typhoid fever remains a public health concern in developing countries. Antibiotic therapy constitutes the mainstay of management and multidrug resistant Salmonella spp has been emerged as a major public health concern. Objective: This study was done to evaluate antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi isolated from blood in Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital. Methods: The retrospective study was done from January 2017 to December 2017 at microbiology laboratory, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College. A total of 367 samples, 30 isolates of Salmonella typhi obtained from blood culture. Both the indoor and outdoor patients were enrolled in this study. Results: During one year study period, total 367 cases were enrolled and the prevalence of Salmonella typhi was 30 (8.2 %). Among them (56.1%) were male with a male to female ratio 1.27:1. The bulk (50.1%) cases were in the age group of 15-30 years, 14.4% cases were in less than 15 years and 6.5% cases were in more than 60 years of age. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity pattern, 70% strains were sensitive to amikacin, 73.33% to azithromycin, 63.33% to ceftazidime, 66.66% to ceftriaxone, 86.66% to ciprofloxacin and 70% were nalidixic acid resistant Salmonella typhi. Conclusion: Ciprofloxacin may be used to treat typhoid fever cases and Ceftriaxone, azithromycin may be used as alternative drugs if they are found susceptible in culture and sensitivity testing. J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2018, Vol.10(2); 96-98

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of commercially available poultry feeds sold in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Nigar Sultana ◽  
Md Atiqul Haque ◽  
Md Mostafizer Rahman ◽  
Mir Rowshan Akter ◽  
Mst Deloara Begum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli

The study was conducted aiming at the isolation and identification of pathogens from poultry feed manufactured by four different brands namely A (broiler starter), B (broiler finisher), C (layer starter) and D (layer finisher) sold in retail stores of Rangpur city of Bangladesh. All these samples were collected from four randomly chosen outlets and analyzed by culturing in different culture media such as Nutrient broth (NB), Nutrient agar (NA), Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar, Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, MacConkey agar, Triple sugar iron (TSI) agar slant, Motility, Indole, Urease (MIU) and Saboraud Dextrose agar (SDA) media. The bacterial agents were isolated and examined under light microscope for their gross morphological and conventional biochemical characteristics. The bacteriological analyses were done at the Microbiology Laboratory of Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period of January to June, 2014. Total bacterial colonies of all the samples were counted separately according to the American Public Health Association, using nutrient agar medium for total viable count (TVC), Eosine methylene blue (EMB) agar media for total E. coli count (TEC) and Salmonella-Shigella agar for TSC (total salmonella count). Saboraud Dextrose agar (SDA) media was used for detection of fungus. The virulence effect of the organism present in feed were observed by inoculating the organism in poultry. Recorded result showed that average TVC of feed sample A, B, C and D were 5.45x106, 3.28x105, 5.14x106 and 4.53x105 CFU/gm (colony forming unit per gram) respectively. TEC of feed sample A, B, C and D were recorded 6.25x105, 8.26x103, 5.52x105 and 5.65x104 CFU/gm respectively. TSC of feed sample A, B, C and D were recorded 3.15x104, 2.68x103, 4.46x103 and 1.19x104 CFU/gm respectively. The highest TVC, TEC and TSC were found in broiler starter (feed sample A) and lowest TVC, TEC and TSC were found in broiler finisher (feed sample B). Fungal count was 1.85x105 CFU/ gm in layer finisher (feed sample D) could be as a result of their high pathogenecity as reported by researchers elsewhere. These organisms can cause several poultry and farm animal infections specially mycotoxicosis having public health significance to both human and poultry. The presence of high numbers of E. coli and Salmonella spp. in poultry feed were indicative of poor hygienic practices during manufacture, post process contamination and unsatisfactory transportation and reservation. Therefore reinforce the need for preventive control measures, hygienic handling and processing of feeds to reduce the risk of potential human health hazards.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2017, 3(1): 52-60

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