Spinal cord–fragment interactions following burst fracture: an in vitro model

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Hall ◽  
Robert J. Oakland ◽  
Ruth K. Wilcox ◽  
David C. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
High Speed ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Burst Fracture ◽  
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament ◽  
Bone Fragment ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Impact

Object The purpose of the study was to develop an in vitro model of the bone fragment and spinal cord interactions that occur during a burst fracture and further the understanding of how the velocity of the bone fragment and the status of the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) affect the deformation of the cord. Methods An in vitro model was developed such that high-speed video and pressure measurements recorded the impact of a simulated bone fragment on sections of explanted bovine spinal cord. The model simulated the PLL and the posterior elements. The status of the PLL had a significant effect on both the maximum occlusion of the spinal cord and the time for occlusion to occur. Raising the fragment velocity led to an overall increase in the spinal cord deformation. Interestingly the dura mater appeared to have little or no effect on the extent of occlusion. Conclusions These findings may indicate the importance of the dura’s interaction with the cerebrospinal fluid in protecting the cord during this type of impact.

Performance changes of venous valves following tissue treatment with novel in vitro system

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 347-354
Author(s):  
Garrett Easson ◽  
Megan Laughlin ◽  
Hanna Jensen ◽  
Kevin Haney ◽  
Marc Girardot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Closing Time ◽  
Venous Valve ◽  
Orifice Area ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Venous Valves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vitro Model

Objectives The purpose of this study is to test venous valve performance and identify differences between native tissue and replacement devices developed with traditional tissue treatment methods using a new in vitro model with synchronized hemodynamic parameters and high-speed valve image acquisition. Methods An in vitro model mimicking the venous circulation to test valve performance was developed using hydrostatic pressure driven flow. Fresh and glutaraldehyde-treated vein segments were placed in the setup and opening/closing of the valves was captured by a high-speed camera. Hemodynamic data were obtained using synchronized hardware and virtual instrumentation. Results Geometric orifice area and opening/closing time of the valves was evaluated at the same hemodynamic conditions. A reduction in geometric orifice area of 27.2  ± 14.8% (p < 0.05) was observed following glutaraldehyde fixation. No significant difference in opening/closing time following chemical fixation was observed. Conclusions The developed in vitro model was shown to be an effective method for measuring the performance of venous valves. The observed decrease in geometric orifice area following glutaraldehyde treatment indicates a decrease in flow through the valve, demonstrating the consequences of traditional tissue treatment methods.

scholarly journals CAFs affect the proliferation and treatment response of head and neck cancer spheroids during co-culturing in a unique in vitro model

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Magan ◽  
Emilia Wiechec ◽  
Karin Roberg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Tumor Spheroids ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors for which the overall survival rate worldwide is around 60%. The tumor microenvironment, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), is believed to affect the treatment response and migration of HNSCC. The aim of this study was to create a biologically relevant HNSCC in vitro model consisting of both tumor cells and CAFs cultured in 3D to establish predictive biomarkers for treatment response, as well as to investigate the impact of CAFs on phenotype, proliferation and treatment response in HNSCC cells. Methods Three different HNSCC patient-derived tumor cell lines were cultured with and without CAFs in a 3D model. Immunohistochemistry of the proliferation marker Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and fibronectin and a TUNEL-assay were performed to analyze the effect of CAFs on both tumor cell proliferation and response to cisplatin and cetuximab treatment in tumor spheroids (3D). mRNA expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells markers were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results The results demonstrated increased cell proliferation within the tumor spheroids in the presence of CAFs, correlating with increased expression of EGFR. In spheroids with increased expression of EGFR, a potentiated response to cetuximab treatment was observed. Surprisingly, an increase in Ki67 expressing tumor cells were observed in spheroids treated with cisplatin for 3 days, correlating with increased expression of EGFR. Furthermore, tumor cells co-cultured with CAFs presented an increased EMT phenotype compared to tumor cells cultured alone in 3D. Conclusion Taken together, our results reveal increased cell proliferation and elevated expression of EGFR in HNSCC tumor spheroids in the presence of CAFs. These results, together with the altered EMT phenotype, may influence the response to cetuximab or cisplatin treatment.

Influence of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on microbiota in a dynamic in vitro model of the gastrointestinal tract simulating human conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hatanaka ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
A.J.H. Maathuis ◽  
K. Venema ◽  
I. Murota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Micro Array ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
The Impact

Survival and germination rate of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 spores were investigated in a stomach and small intestine model (TIM-1), while the impact of C-3102 cells that had passed through TIM-1 on human colon microbiota was evaluated in a model of the large intestine (TIM-2). The survival of C-3102 spores in TIM-1 was 99%; 8% of the spores had germinated. Effluent of TIM-1 was subsequently introduced into TIM-2 and a micro-array platform was employed to assess changes in the microbiota composition. The effluent, which contained germinated C-3102 cells, increased some Bifidobacterium species and decreased some Clostridium groups. These changes were greater compared to those obtained by adding C-3102 spores directly to TIM-2. The present study suggests that oral doses of B. subtilis C-3102 spores have the potential to modulate the human colon microbiota. This effect may be caused by germination of the spores in the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals An in vitro model to evaluate the impact of environmental fine particles (PM0.3-2.5) on skin damage

2019 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Verdin ◽  
Fabrice Cazier ◽  
Richard Fitoussi ◽  
Natacha Blanchet ◽  
Katell Vié ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals 1820P Taxane-related skin toxicity: Analysis of an in vivo and 3D in vitro model study of the impact of paclitaxel on skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S1050
Author(s):  
M. Perez-Leal ◽  
J.A. Perez Fidalgo ◽  
C. Sanz ◽  
J. Poveda ◽  
J. Milara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Skin Toxicity ◽  
Model Study ◽  
3D In Vitro Model ◽  
Toxicity Analysis ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Impact

A Novel In Vitro Approach for Studying the Segmental Motor System

Physiology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
H-R Luscher ◽  
J Streit
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Culture System ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Organotypic Culture ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽  
Vitro Model

An organotypic culture system of rat spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and skeletal muscle is presented that develops and preserves many structural and functional properties of the in vivo spinal cord. This in vitro model enlarges the methodological repertoire of mammalian spinal cord physiology and is ideally suited for studying developmental aspects.

Oligodendrocyte–spinal cord explant co-culture: An in vitro model for the study of myelination

2010 ◽  
Vol 1309 ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Chen ◽  
Zhengwen Ma ◽  
Yanxia Wang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Hezuo Lü ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Rituximab Treatment in Hepatitis C Infection: An In Vitro Model to Study the Impact of B Cell Depletion on Virus Infectivity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. e25789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zania Stamataki ◽  
Samantha Tilakaratne ◽  
David H. Adams ◽  
Jane A. McKeating
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
B Cell ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Cell Depletion ◽  
Virus Infectivity ◽  
B Cell Depletion ◽  
Hepatitis C Infection ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Impact
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