scholarly journals Pediatric supratentorial high-grade gliomas

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S. Tamber ◽  
James T. Rutka
Keyword(s):  
Patient Survival ◽  
High Grade ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
Aggressive Tumors ◽  
High Grade Gliomas ◽  
Improve Patient

The purpose of this review is to highlight some of the pertinent concepts and controversies surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric supratentorial high-grade gliomas. Unlike the adult counterparts, pediatric high-grade gliomas are likely derived from distinct cytogenetic and molecular alterations. Surgery has been shown to play a role in extending patient survival. Some success is associated with the provision of chemotherapy. Radiotherapy remains an important adjunct in children older than age 3 years. The challenges involved in improving the poor prognosis of children in whom these very aggressive tumors have been diagnosed will be discussed, as well as some of the novel approaches being investigated to improve patient survival and quality of life.

scholarly journals Immunotherapy: A Potential Approach for High-Grade Spinal Cord Astrocytomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Hu ◽  
Tie Liu ◽  
Bo Han ◽  
Shishan Tan ◽  
Hua Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Inhibit Tumor Growth ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Improve Patient

Spinal cord astrocytomas (SCAs) account for 6–8% of all primary spinal cord tumors. For high-grade SCAs, the prognosis is often poor with conventional therapy, thus the urgent need for novel treatments to improve patient survival. Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic strategy and has been used to treat cancer in recent years. Several clinical trials have evaluated immunotherapy for intracranial gliomas, providing evidence for immunotherapy-mediated ability to inhibit tumor growth. Given the unique microenvironment and molecular biology of the spinal cord, this review will offer new perspectives on moving toward the application of successful immunotherapy for SCAs based on the latest studies and literature. Furthermore, we will discuss the challenges associated with immunotherapy in SCAs, propose prospects for future research, and provide a periodic summary of the current state of immunotherapy for SCAs immunotherapy.

Technologic Advances in Surgery for Brain Tumors: Tools of the Trade in the Modern Neurosurgical Operating Room

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. McPherson ◽  
Raymond Sawaya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Tumor Mass ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Oncologic Treatment ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Patient Survival Time

Surgery is an essential part of the oncologic treatment of patients with brain tumors. Surgery is necessary for histologic diagnosis, and the cytoreduction of tumor mass has been shown to improve patient survival time and quality of life. Ultimately, the goal of any oncologic neurosurgery is to achieve maximal safe resection. Over the years, many technologic adjuncts have been developed to assist the surgeon in achieving this goal. In this article, we review the technologic advances of modern neurosurgery that are helping to reach this goal.

scholarly journals Home Hemodialysis Dose: Balancing Patient Needs and Preferences

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Jose A. Diaz-Buxo ◽  
Corinne E. Zeller-Knuth ◽  
Kerry Anne Rambaran ◽  
Rainer Himmele
Keyword(s):  
Patient Survival ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Patient Needs ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Home Hemodialysis ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Improve Patient ◽  
Hemodialysis Dose ◽  
Made In

Background: The aim in defining the dose of HHD is to provide sufficient dialysis required to possibly ‘normalize' all abnormalities associated with renal failure in order improve patient survival and quality of life. Much progress has been made in defining the dose required to accomplish this goal, but the evidence is still far from robust. The main limitations are incomplete understanding of uremic toxins, their relative importance in causing uremic symptoms, and our inability to comprehensively assess dry weight. Summary: This review provides guidance on realistic dosing of dialysis for the HHD patient based on the available evidence, where available, and alternative regimens that suit the individual's lifestyle and preferences. Key Messages: HHD can easily accommodate alternative, intensive HD prescriptions, including daily and nocturnal HD. HHD provides prescription flexibility to fulfill patient needs while taking their preferences into account.

scholarly journals One Case of Anti-Yo Antibody Positive Subacute Cerebellar Degenera

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Cerebellar Degeneration ◽  
Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Subacute Cerebellar Degeneration ◽  
Improve Patient

Subacute cerebellar degenera also known as paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, is one of the typical neurological lesions caused by paraneoplastic neurological syndrom. It is caused by changes in the immune response. A case of tumor-negative anti-Yo antibody-positive subacute cerebellar degeneration is reported to strengthen clinicians’ understanding of the disease. Early diagnosis of subacute cerebellar degeneration is essential to improve patient survival and quality of life.

scholarly journals Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Vagina without Metastasis: A Rare Case and Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Bizimana ◽  
Gloria Akimana ◽  
Arthur Semedo Insumbo ◽  
Hounayda Jerguigue ◽  
Rachida Latib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Primary Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Pelvic Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Improve Patient

AbstractMalignant melanoma of vagina is a rare condition. Its histogenesis has been debated and the positive diagnosis is based on immunohistochemistry. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging remains the gold standard for assessing locoregional extension status and post-treatment surveillance of melanoma of vagina. The observation concerned a 53-year-old woman with no specific history who presented a primary malignant melanoma of vagina without secondary locations. To date, the case is the second one reported in the literature. Early diagnosis of the malignant melanoma of vagina may improve patient survival because late diagnoses are punctuated by poor prognosis. We have presented epidemiological with etiopathogenic characteristics and described all imaging features to stage the tumor and to conduct the appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in High-Grade Gliomas: Tiny Particles with Outsized Influence

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Graner
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Endocrine Factors ◽  
High Grade Gliomas ◽  
Endosomal System ◽  
Intercellular Communications

High-grade gliomas, particularly glioblastomas (grade IV), are devastating diseases with dismal prognoses; afflicted patients seldom live longer than 15 months, and their quality of life suffers immensely. Our current standard-of-care therapy has remained essentially unchanged for almost 15 years, with little new therapeutic progress. We desperately need a better biologic understanding of these complicated tumors in a complicated organ. One area of rejuvenated study relates to extracellular vesicles (EVs)—membrane-enclosed nano- or microsized particles that originate from the endosomal system or are shed from the plasma membrane. EVs contribute to tumor heterogeneity (including the maintenance of glioma stem cells or their differentiation), the impacts of hypoxia (angiogenesis and coagulopathies), interactions amid the tumor microenvironment (concerning the survival of astrocytes, neurons, endothelial cells, blood vessels, the blood–brain barrier, and the ensuing inflammation), and influences on the immune system (both stimulatory and suppressive). This article reviews glioma EVs and the ways that EVs manifest themselves as autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine factors in proximal and distal intra- and intercellular communications. The reader should note that there is much controversy, and indeed confusion, in the field over the exact roles for EVs in many biological processes, and we will engage some of these difficulties herein.

scholarly journals Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials Reporting in the Treatment of Adult Patients with High‐Grade Gliomas

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magalie P. Tardy ◽  
Jocelyn Gal ◽  
Emmanuel Chamorey ◽  
Fabien Almairac ◽  
Fanny Vandenbos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

Abstract A56: Identification of a micro RNA profile to predict response to therapy and improve patient survival in ovarian cancer

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Rigau ◽  
Blanca Majem ◽  
Tatiana Altadill ◽  
Lucia Lanau ◽  
José-Luis Sánchez-Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Improve Patient

Regurgitant Commissure Flow Through a Closed Polymeric Heart Valve

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Corbett ◽  
Hamid N.-Hashemi ◽  
Ahmet U. Coskun
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Improve Patient Survival ◽  
Flow Disturbances ◽  
Limited Life ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Valve Prostheses ◽  
Improve Patient

While heart valve prostheses have been used successfully since 1960, outcomes are far from ideal. The underlying problem with bioprostheses is a limited life from structural changes such as calcification and leaflet wear, leading to valve failure. The underlying problem with mechanical heart valves is the presence of flow disturbances which necessitate anticoagulation. A polyurethane valve has the potential to improve upon the shortcomings of existing valves and ultimately improve patient survival.

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