Deprivation of citizenship, undocumented labor and human trafficking

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-106
Author(s):  
Steve Kwok-Leung Chan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Undocumented Migrant ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Minorités Ethniques ◽  
Sans Papiers

English Abstract: Thailand is a popular destination for irregular labor migration from Myanmar. Among some three million Burmese migrant workers in Thailand, more than half are undocumented. Undocumented migrant workers rely on brokers to smuggle them into Thailand. Some undocumented migrant workers are lured, tricked, and forced to work but they are not rewarded with a reasonable wage. A conceptual framework of the shadow sector of labor migration is formulated in this study, which attempts to explain why ethnic minorities in Myanmar are socially categorized by the level of their deprived citizenship. Those low in the hierarchy of categorization are likely to fall into the shadow sector of the labor migration process. Ethnic minorities from areas of insurgency are exposed to a high risk of human trafficking.Spanish Abstract:Tailandia es un destino popular para la migración laboral irregular de Myanmar. Entre unos tres millones de trabajadores migrantes birmanos en Tailandia, más de la mitad son indocumentados. Los trabajadores migrantes indocumentados confían en intermediarios para pasar de contrabando a través de la frontera a Tailandia. En este estudio se formula un marco conceptual del sector paralelo de la migración laboral que trata de explicar por qué las minorías étnicas en Myanmar se clasifican socialmente por el nivel de su ciudadanía privada. Aquellos que se encuentran en la jerarquía de categorización baja probablemente caigan en el sector oscuro del proceso de migración laboral. Las minorías étnicas de las áreas de la insurgencia están expuestas a un alto riesgo de trata de personas.French Abstract:La migration irrégulière de main-d’oeuvre et la traite d’êtres humains sont des sujets récurrents des études migratoires, mais le sujet le plus traité jusqu’à présent concerne le mouvement Sud Nord. La Thaïlande, en tant qu’économie en développement de l’Asie du Sud-Est, est une destination prisée pour la migration de main-d’oeuvre irrégulière myanmaraise. Parmi les quelques trois millions de travailleurs migrants birmans en Thaïlande, plus de la moitié sont sans papiers. Les travailleurs migrants sans papiers comptent sur les intermédiaires pour passer clandestinement la frontière de la Thaïlande afin d’y rechercher un emploi. Certains travailleurs migrants sans papiers sont attirés, trompés et forcés à travailler sans la récompense d’un salaire raisonnable. Un cadre conceptuel du secteur parallèle de la migration de main-d’oeuvre est formulé dans cette étude qui tente d’expliquer pourquoi les minorités ethniques du Myanmar sont classées socialement par leur niveau de privation de citoyenneté. Ceux qui sont au bas de la hiérarchie de la catégorisation risquent de tomber dans le marché parallèle du processus de migration de main-d’oeuvre. Les minorités ethniques des zones de l’insurrection sont exposées à un risque élevé de traite d’êtres humains.

Migrant Struggles in South Korea and Elsewhere

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-662
Author(s):  
Manie (Jong-Man Choi) ◽  
Joyce C. H. Liu ◽  
Brett Neilson
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Undocumented Migrant

Bidduth, Syed, and Samar were dishonorably deported from South Korea about fifteen years ago while they were protesting for the rights of undocumented migrant workers. Since returning to their home countries, Bangladesh and Nepal, they have been practicing modes of solidarity that they learned during the years of struggle. Still, We Are Migrant Workers is a documentary film made to record their personal history, will, and current political projects. This is an interview about the historical background of labor migration in Korea, the struggles of the characters in the film, and the alternatives they have been pursuing in the wake of their deportations.

Labor Migration and Trafficking among Vietnamese Migrants in Asia

2014 ◽  
Vol 653 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danièle Bélanger
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Temporary Migration ◽  
Guest Worker ◽  
Bonded Labor ◽  
Migration Flows

Asia is known as a continent where human trafficking is particularly prevalent. Departing from the bulk of research on trafficking in Asia that focuses on illegal migration and prostitution, this article examines the embeddedness of human trafficking in legal temporary migration flows. This analysis uses survey and interview data to document the experiences of Vietnamese migrants who worked in East Asian countries. It identifies a continuum of trafficking, abuse, exploitation, and forced labor, and examines how exploitation begins at the recruitment stage with the creation of bonded labor. Guest-worker programs in destination countries put migrants in particularly precarious situations, which do, in some cases, qualify as trafficking. I argue that temporary migration programs may create the conditions that lead to extreme forms of exploitation among many legal migrant workers in the region.

scholarly journals The Review of Act Number 39 year 2004 Concerning The Placement and Protection for Indonesian Workers Abroad

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalu Husni ◽  
Idrus Abdullah ◽  
RR Cahyowati
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
National Responsibility ◽  
Legal Sanction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legal Subjects ◽  
Selection Of

Labor migration in the era of free trade is a necessity, as part of the international community, Indonesia must participate in the globalization era, so it can not withstand nationals to seek a better life abroad. The purpose of this study to know and understand the weaknesses of the Act No. 39 of 2004 on the placement and protection of migrant workers, knowing and understanding the formulation of norms of protection of migrant workers to protect it properly. Research methods, normative law research, with the statute approach, conceptual approach, and conceptual approach. The types and sources of legal materials, using primary legal resourse, legal resourse secondary, and tertiary legal resource. Mechanical collection of legal materials, is done by performing a search, collection and documentation, processing and analysis of legal materials through a process of legal reasoning  logical, systematic and coherent. Conclusion, weakness No..39 Act of 2004 regarding the Placement and Protection of Migrant Workers so it can not protect properly, this is due to provisions that prohibit or liability, but is not followed by the threat of legal sanction. Their norms do not provide clear who is the subject of law. Their formulation of norms "skill" that should be in the form of "necessity", so that the selection of a local recruit migrant workers can actually be done properly, and can prevent ekploitation human / human trafficking. The existence of norms regulating the legal subjects that are outside the boundaries of the Unitary Republic of Indonesia. Provisions that contradict each other (inconsistency). There are provisions governing unilateral legal subjects. Legal uncertainty because the agreements made on the basis of agreement between the workers / laborers (prospective TKI) with the employer / user services, the formulation of norms of protection of migrant workers to protect properly, namely by stating the principles of humanitarianism  and the principle of national responsibility  as the foundation footing.

Detained: foreign children in Europe

Race & Class ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Fekete
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Undocumented Migrant ◽  
Unaccompanied Minors ◽  
Sans Papiers

The EU's target-driven and draconian deportation policy towards asylum seekers and undocumented migrant workers has a shocking but little heeded impact on minors, whether the children of asylum-seeking families, separated/unaccompanied minors seeking refuge or the children of sans papiers. The detention of children whose only crime is their parentage is now commonplace across Europe and often in contravention of international law. The harm done to children, as documented here, is incalculable.

Socio-economic effects of labor migration from small towns of Russia

2016 ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mkrtchyan ◽  
Y. Florinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Spatial Mobility ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Labor ◽  
Standardized Interview

The article examines labor migration from small Russian towns: prevalence of the phenomenon, the direction and duration of trips, spheres of employment and earnings of migrants, social and economic benefits of migration for households. The representative surveys of households and migrant-workers by a standardized interview were conducted in four selected towns. Authors draw a conclusion about high labor spatial mobility of the population of small towns and existence of positive effects for migrant’s households and the economy of towns themselves.

Labor Markets and Migration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Martin
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
And Migration ◽  
R Functions

Labor markets have the three R functions of recruiting workers, remunerating them to encourage them to perform their jobs satisfactorily, and retaining experienced and productive workers. Employers in one country and jobs in another complicate these three Rs, especially recruitment, which is why both employers and workers often turn to private recruiters to act as intermediaries between jobs and workers. Recruiters are most deeply involved in the second phase of the four-phase labor migration process—matching workers with jobs. Indeed, the fact that recruiters rarely visit the workplaces to which they send workers, and do not always expect to send more workers to particular employers, reduces their incentives to make good worker–job matches.

Measuring the Hidden Numbers of Human Trafficking Through Multiple Systems Estimation: Lessons Learned and Challenges Outstanding

2021 ◽  
pp. 001112872098719
Author(s):  
Davina Durgana ◽  
Jan van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Trafficking Victims ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Further Development

This article takes stock of studies conducted in eight countries to estimate the prevalence of human trafficking by employing the technique of Multiple Systems Estimation on data on victims of human trafficking recorded by state and non-state institutions. It presents an overview of MSE-based prevalence estimates of human trafficking victims per 100,000 inhabitants of these countries, disaggregated by type of exploitation, gender, and age. For some countries it also presents the different likelihoods of various sub-categories of trafficking victims, such as minors and migrant workers, to be detected by authorities and/or NGOs. Next, the article recounts what these studies have taught us about the suitability of applying MSE on existing multi-source databases to estimate the prevalence of trafficking victimization. The article concludes with a discussion on the promises and limitations of MSE and its prospects for further development, especially among developed nations.

The Role of Physicians During Hunger Strikes of Undocumented Migrant Workers in a Non-Custodial Setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Vanobberghen ◽  
Fred Louckx ◽  
Anne-Marie Depoorter ◽  
Dirk Devroey ◽  
Jan Vandevoorde
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Undocumented Migrant

The State Connection in China's Rural-Urban Migration

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Guang
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
State Textile ◽  
Facilitative Role ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
Urban State

This study explores the role of China's rural local state-owned and urban state-owned units in its rural-urban migration process. Most studies on Chinese migration have focused on migrants moving from rural to urban areas through informal mechanisms outside of the state's control. They therefore treat the Chinese state as an obstructionist force and dismiss its facilitative role in the migration process. By documenting rural local states' “labor export” strategies and urban state units' employment of millions of peasants, this article provides a corrective to the existing literature. It highlights and explains the state connection in China's rural-urban migration. Labor is … a special kind of commodity. What we do is to fetch a good price for this special commodity. Labor bureau official from Laomei county, 1996 If we want efficiency, we have to hire migrant workers. Party secretary of a state textile factory in Shanghai, 1997

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