The Demise of European Mountain Pastoralism: Spain 1500–2000

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Collantes
Keyword(s):  
European Mountain

scholarly journals A novel, multipartite, negative-strand RNA virus is associated with the ringspot disease of European mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia L.)

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1337-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Mielke ◽  
Hans-Peter Muehlbach
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Glycoprotein Precursor ◽  
Structure Comparison ◽  
Viral Rnas ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Family ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
Novel Virus

Four RNAs from a new plant-pathogenic virus, which we have tentatively named European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARAV), were identified and sequenced completely. All four viral RNAs could be detected in previous double-stranded RNA preparations. RNA 1 (7040 nt) encodes a protein with similarity to the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of different members of the Bunyaviridae, a family containing five genera with viruses infecting invertebrates, vertebrates and plants. RNA 2 (2335 nt) encodes a 75 kDa protein containing a conserved motif of the glycoprotein precursor of the genus Phlebovirus. Immunological detection indicated the presence of proteins with the expected size of the precursor and one of its processing products. The amino acid sequence of protein p3 (35 kDa) encoded by RNA 3 shows similarities to a putative nucleocapsid protein of two still unclassified plant viruses. The fourth viral RNA encodes a 27 kDa protein that has no significant homology to any known protein. As is typical for members of the family Bunyaviridae, the 5′ and 3′ ends of all viral RNAs are complementary, which allows the RNA to form a panhandle structure. Comparison of these sequences demonstrates a conserved terminal part of 13 nt, similar to that of the bunyaviral genus Orthobunyavirus. Despite the high agreement of the EMARAV genome with several characteristics of the family Bunyaviridae, there are a few features that make it difficult to allocate the virus to this group. It is therefore more likely that this plant pathogen belongs to a novel virus genus.

scholarly journals Trajectories of evolution and drivers of change in European mountain cattle farming systems

animal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. García-Martínez ◽  
A. Olaizola ◽  
A. Bernués
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Drivers Of Change ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
Cattle Farming

scholarly journals The Evolutionary History, Diversity, and Ecology of Willows (Salix L.) in the European Alps

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Natascha D. Wagner ◽  
Li He ◽  
Elvira Hörandl
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
History Of ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
The Alps

The genus Salix (willows), with 33 species, represents the most diverse genus of woody plants in the European Alps. Many species dominate subalpine and alpine types of vegetation. Despite a long history of research on willows, the evolutionary and ecological factors for this species richness are poorly known. Here we will review recent progress in research on phylogenetic relationships, evolution, ecology, and speciation in alpine willows. Phylogenomic reconstructions suggest multiple colonization of the Alps, probably from the late Miocene onward, and reject hypotheses of a single radiation. Relatives occur in the Arctic and in temperate Eurasia. Most species are widespread in the European mountain systems or in the European lowlands. Within the Alps, species differ ecologically according to different elevational zones and habitat preferences. Homoploid hybridization is a frequent process in willows and happens mostly after climatic fluctuations and secondary contact. Breakdown of the ecological crossing barriers of species is followed by introgressive hybridization. Polyploidy is an important speciation mechanism, as 40% of species are polyploid, including the four endemic species of the Alps. Phylogenomic data suggest an allopolyploid origin for all taxa analyzed so far. Further studies are needed to specifically analyze biogeographical history, character evolution, and genome evolution of polyploids.

Between the Czech Krkonoše and the German Riesengebirge: Nationalism and Tourism in the Giant Mountains, 1880s–1930s

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Stanislav Holubec
Keyword(s):  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Mountain ◽  
The Alps

Abstract The article deals with Czech and German nationalist discourses and practices in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as they relate to tourism in the Krkonoše/Riesengebirge, the highest Central European mountain range between the Alps and Scandinavia. It will discuss the discourses developed in relation to mountain tourism and nationalism (metaphors of battlefields, wedges, walls, gates, and bastions), different symbolical cores of mountains, and practices of tourist and nationalist organizations (tourist trails and markings, excursions, the ownership of mountains huts, languages used, memorials, and the construction of roads). It will examine how these discourses and practices changed from the first Czech-German ethnic conflicts in the 1800s until the end of interwar Czechoslovakia. Finally, it will discuss the Czech culture of defeat in the shadow of the Munich Agreement, which meant the occupation of the Giant Mountains by Nazi Germany.

Effects of air pollution on the Central and Eastern European mountain forests

2004 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bytnerowicz ◽  
Robert Musselman ◽  
Robert Szaro
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
European Mountain

Regionalisation of remote European mountain lake ecosystems according to their biota: environmental versus geographical patterns

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2470-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN KERNAN ◽  
MARC VENTURA ◽  
PETER BITUŠÍK ◽  
ANTON BRANCELJ ◽  
GINA CLARKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Lake ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
European Mountain
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