scholarly journals Introduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Soraya Tremayne
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Face

Abstract The introduction to this issue has two strands. First, it contextualises the articles, which address kinship from varied perspectives, and situates them in their broader cultural context. Second, it adopts a comparative perspective by differentiating between the present articles with those published a decade earlier on the same themes in this journal, to examine whether, how and to what extent kinship has changed in the face of modernity, globalisation, wars, migrations and political change. It concludes that, compared with a decade ago, kinship has not only not weakened, but it has revived further and penetrated other institutions beyond family, or called upon to ensure and protect the continuity of cultural norms and values, from the threats paused by modernity and by the global, cultural and political invasions.

scholarly journals SOCJOKULTUROWY ASPEKT POWITAŃ W JĘZYKU SUAHILI

AFRYKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (50) ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Beata Wójtowicz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Competence ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Discourse Strategies ◽  
Language Context

The Socio-Cultural Context of Greetings in Swahili1 Today most linguists agree that language and culture are tightly connected. It is also argued that in order to communicate successfully, we need to achieve a level of socio-cultural competence along with an ability to use the grammar and the lexicon of a particular language. There are many kinds of cultural norms and values that one has to obey, as there may be fundamental communication and discourse differences between one language and another. This paper is primarily concerned with some issues of discourse strategies and pragmatics of African languages. While the study focuses on greeting practices among the Swahili, it also investigates how learners acquire the pragmatics of Swahili greetings in a foreign language context, and how Swahili, as a language of wider communication, is infl uenced by cultural norms and values of its speakers, for whom Swahili is not a primary language.

Being sensitive to the culture: challenges in researching sensitive topics in an Asian culture

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arosha S. Adikaram
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensitive Topics ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
The Many ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the particular culture within which research is conducted and its norms and values can give rise to additional challenges and complications for the researcher when the research area is sensitive in nature. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on research on sexual harassment of working women in Sri Lanka, the researcher engages in self and methodological reflections to elucidate the many challenges faced. Findings Carrying out sensitive research in an Asian cultural context, with various stereotyping cultural norms, values and beliefs can give rise to additional culture-specific challenges for the researcher, even when the researcher is a cultural insider. How these cultural complexities influence the manner in which the participants respond to data collection and the manner in which the researcher is seen and understood by others are explained. Strategies to overcome these challenges are discussed in light of the cultural competencies propose by Deardorff and Sewyer et al. Practical implications The paper highlights the need for researchers engaged in sensitive research to carefully plan and conduct their research, being mindful not only to the sensitive nature of the topic, but also to the cultural edifices and ethos. Originality/value The influence of cultural context in conducting sensitive research is not sufficiently addressed. Culture-specific challenges that can arise in cultures outside the West, such as Asia, have specifically being neglected. This paper addresses this knowledge gap by focusing on the culture-specific challenges faced by researchers, whether they are cultural insiders or outsiders.

“Please do not act violently towards the staff”: Expressions and causes of anger, violence, and aggression in Israeli cancer patients and their families from the perspective of oncologists

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1011-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leeat Granek ◽  
Merav Ben-David ◽  
Gil Bar-Sela ◽  
Shahar Shapira ◽  
Samuel Ariad
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Treatment Expectations ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
The Face

Expressions of anger within the healthcare context are a common occurrence, particularly in clinical situations where patients can experience emotional distress in the face of illness. The purpose of this study was to examine one aspect of this phenomenon by looking at expressions and causes of anger among Israeli cancer patients and their families from the perspective of oncologists who treat them. Twenty-two Israeli oncologists were interviewed from three oncology centers between March 2013 and June 2014. The grounded theory method was used to collect and analyze the data. Our study revealed that oncologists are exposed to and cope with expressions and acts of anger, aggression, and violence from some of their cancer patients and their families. The causes of this anger include physician blame, unrealistic treatment expectations, perceived errors in communication, and lack of follow up with bereaved families. Our study also revealed that the cultural context affected patient–physician interactions, including anger. This context included a culture that has open interpersonal boundaries and is family-oriented; a multicultural society that includes citizens with different cultural norms and expectations around cancer care; and a strained healthcare system that leaves oncologists limited in time and resources, including limited access to palliative care. Policy implications include reducing oncologist workload by hiring more mental health professionals, having translators available on site to help with language barriers, reducing administrative burdens, and incorporating palliative care widely to help with the psychosocial and physical care of patients and families.

scholarly journals Realizations of Conceptual Metaphors of ANGER in Arabic, Russian and English: A Contrastive Corpus-Based Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Mervat Albufalasa ◽  
Yulia Vorobeva ◽  
Yulia Vorobeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Language Groups ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Compare And Contrast

Conceptual metaphors are often analyzed out of context. Nevertheless, the crucial role of context is evident as metaphors do not only transmit specific entailment of particular concepts, but they also reflect cultural and social characteristics. At the same time, one cannot deny that conceptualization is involved in the interpretation of various cultural models and conceptual metaphors. The purpose of the current research was to analyze conceptual metaphors of ANGER in Arabic, Russian and English. The current study employed a contrastive corpus-based approach to compare and contrast the conceptual metaphors of ANGER in the aforementioned languages. The outcomes of this research study contributed immensely to the existing literature on conceptual metaphors analysis as there are almost no previous researches done in the field comparing three languages belonging to different language groups. The study found that the Arabic language demonstrated the highest tendency towards conceptual metaphors formation out of the three languages. The study confirmed that cultural context played a significant role in the formation of conceptual metaphors, and it also proved that due to different cultural environments, some metaphors are unique by nature and can be present only in a particular language. It can be concluded that conceptual metaphors of ANGER are not a universal concept, and cultural norms and values make this concept non-identical in the aforementioned languages.

Expanding factors in threat to face

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer Feldman ◽  
Ken Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
The Face

Abstract This paper details aspects related to the “face” – one’s social standing, reputation, and dignity – during interactions between interviewers and interviewees (both politicians and nonpoliticians) in more than 5,000 questions posed during three different broadcast interview programs aired throughout 2012–2013 in Japan. The interactions between interviewers and interviewees are also considered as a dialogic phenomenon in which interlocutors are actors who act and react. By examining the toughness of questions posed in these programs the paper explores their extent of threat to face of the interviewees and the facets associated with this threat, including features related to the interviewees themselves. The results indicate strong evidence of socio-cultural norms and values that affect interviewers’ relationship with politicians and other sources.

scholarly journals Differences between Israeli Jewish and Arabs mothers in parental self-efficacy: A cultural perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Vered Ben David ◽  
◽  
Anwar Khatib ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Cultural Perspective ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Married Mothers ◽  
High Level

Parental self-efficacy (PSE) is a key to the child-parent relationship. It reflects parents’ self-perception of their ability to perform parenting tasks successfully and a high level of parental self-efficacy is associated with positive child outcomes. The literature on cultural differences regarding PSE is scant. This study applied a cultural perspective and examined differences between Arab and Jewish mothers with regard to PSE and associated factors such as marital satisfaction, social support, wellbeing and stress. Based on a sample of 170 married mothers in Israel, it revealed that Arab mothers experienced a higher degree of PSE, marital satisfaction and wellbeing, as well as lower stress, than Jewish mothers. PSE among Arab mothers was predicted by marital satisfaction and stress. Among Jewish mothers, PSE was predicted by stress and wellbeing as well as financial indicators. The paper discusses the findings from a cultural perspective, focusing on the experience of parenting in an Arab, collective, traditional and patriarchic society compared to parenting in a Jewish, individualistic, liberal society. The study concludes that it is important to consider the cultural context of parenting to the sense of parental efficacy and to understand the cultural norms and values of individuals whose parenting capacity comes under assessment. Based on the findings it was suggested that family therapy or spousal therapy may provide benefit to Arab mothers who report a low level of PSE. For Jewish mothers, alleviating financial hardship and providing material help could provide similar benefits, in addition to lowering the mother’s level of stress. Limitations of the study as well as future studies directions were also discussed.

When Death Is Compelling

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 352-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schindler ◽  
Marc-André Reinhard
Keyword(s):  
Terror Management Theory ◽  
Mortality Salience ◽  
Terror Management ◽  
Management Theory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
The Face ◽  
Scenario Study ◽  
Norm Of Reciprocity

Abstract. Research on terror management theory has found evidence that people under mortality salience strive to live up to activated social norms and values. Recently, research has shown that mortality salience also increases adherence to the norm of reciprocity. Based on this, in the current paper we investigated the idea that mortality salience influences persuasion strategies that are based on the norm of reciprocity. We therefore assume that mortality salience should enhance compliance for a request when using the door-in-the-face technique – a persuasion strategy grounded in the norm of reciprocity. In a hypothetical scenario (Study 1), and in a field experiment (Study 2), applying the door-in-the-face technique enhanced compliance in the mortality salience condition compared to a control group.

Social Science's Need for a Cultural Symbols Paradigm

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Dhaouadi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Science Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Cultural Components

The thesis of this paper is that human beings are remarkably dis­tinct from other living beings (animals, birds, insects, etc.) and Artificial Jntelligence (Al) machines (computers, robots, etc.) by what we would like to call cultural symbols. The latter refers to such cultural components as language, science, knowledge, reli­gious beliefs, thought, myths, cultural norms and values.

scholarly journals Afro-Communitarianism and the Role of Traditional African Healers in the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Cordeiro-Rodrigues ◽  
Thaddeus Metz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
The Face

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, and in Africa, given the lack of resources, they are likely to be even more acute. The usefulness of Traditional African Healers in helping to mitigate the effects of pandemic has been neglected. We argue from an ethical perspective that these healers can and should have an important role in informing and guiding local communities in Africa on how to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Particularly, we argue not only that much of the philosophy underlying Traditional African Medicine is adequate and compatible with preventive measures for COVID-19, but also that Traditional African Healers have some unique cultural capital for influencing and enforcing such preventive measures. The paper therefore suggests that not only given the cultural context of Africa where Traditional African Healers have a special role, but also because of the normative strength of the Afro-communitarian philosophy that informs it, there are good ethical reasons to endorse policies that involve Traditional Healers in the fight against COVID-19. We also maintain that concerns about Traditional African Healers objectionably violating patient confidentiality or being paternalistic are much weaker in the face of COVID-19.

Maoism and Marxism in Comparative Perspective

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-327
Author(s):  
A. James Gregor ◽  
Maria Hsia Chang
Keyword(s):  
Political Change ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Political Tradition ◽  
Friedrich Engels

A great many curious things have befallen Marxism as an intellectual and political tradition, not the least of which was its adoption by the revolutionary forces under the leadership of Mao Tse-tung. Originally, the Marxism of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels was a eurocentric doctrine that addressed itself to a postindustrial revolution that would liberate society from the disabilities produced by intensive industrialization. For classical Marxism, industrialization produced not only the “idiocy of overproduction,” the inability to effectively distribute the abundance produced by capitalism, but generated restive populations that were “overwhelmingly proletarian.” Capitalist industrialization produced both the circumstances precipitating, and the historic agents responsible for, vast social, economic and political change.

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