scholarly journals Ekonomista ze Lwowa. Dorobek naukowy, poglądy i działalność publiczna Stanisława Głąbińskiego

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Klimiuk

The article contains an analysis of the scientific achievements and views of the economist Stanisław Głąbiński, associated with Lviv. Polish economic thought in the interwar period developed in two opposite directions: theoretical and historical. The first of them dominated in the Krakow, Poznań and Warsaw centers, while the second was represented by economists associated with the Lviv and Warsaw centers. Głąbiński was the leading representative of the historical course at the University of Lviv. His economic views as well as political, social and economic activities deserve attention. Głąbiński’s socio-economic concepts were a reflection of his political views. His most important works from the period of the Second Polish Republic, ie two volumes of National Economics (Theory of National Economics – 1927 and National Economic Policy – 1928) and History of Economics – 1939 (volumes 1 and 2) are the best proof of this. Głąbiński has always tried to look at the essence of economic phenomena from the national point of view. Throughout his scientific activity he also proclaimed the creation of a new school in the science of economics – a national school whose theoretical basis would be the nation and the national idea. He left the individualism of the liberal school and examined the economic reality through the prism of national interest. He claimed that an abstract analysis of a personal interest that omits the national interest is only a hypothesis that does not explain the economic reality. Therefore, he proposed to supplement abstract research with research on the whole socio-economic reality: historical analyzes and comparison of the personal interest of economic entities with the general interest.

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-270
Author(s):  
Iara Vigo de Lima

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse Michel Foucault’s new epistemological model regarding an analogy between the theory of language and economic thought in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Design/methodology/approach – Through the scrutiny of language, Foucault intended to demonstrate that some analogies, among different branches of knowledge (interdiscursive practice), allow us to apprehend the underlying configuration of thought regarding ontological and epistemological conditions that have historically determined knowledge. He draws a parallel between four theoretical segments borrowed from general grammar (Attribution, Articulation, Designation and Derivation) and economic thought on wealth. Findings – One of the most remarkable propositions of this approach is that the theory of language and economic thought were epistemologically isomorphic in that context. What the theory of language stated in relation to “attribution” and “articulation” corresponded to the “theory of value” in economic thought. What grammar investigated regarding “designation” and “derivation” was analogous to the “theory of money and trade” in economic thought. The relationships that were – directly and diagonally – identified between and among them led to the conclusion that there was ‘a circular and surface causality’ in economic thought insofar as “circulation” preceded “production”. It was “superficial” because it could not find an explanation for the cause of “wealth”, which was only possible when “production” was placed in the front position of theories. Practical implications – Such an epistemological point of view can inspire other studies in the history of economic thought. Originality/value – This paper offers a perspective on how to think about the history of ontological and epistemological conditions of economic thought.


Author(s):  
Dr. Anand Shanker Singh

There are many possible approaches to organizing economic activities of individuals living in social systems. Whatever method is chosen, it is necessary to coordinate or integrate the behavior of individual members of the society. The history of economic thought is a study of the more important attempts to analyze, describe and explain the relationships in actual or idealized economic systems. Knowledge of alternative explanations of economic processes provides a basis for evaluating the performance of industrial economies. It also provides a basis for critically evaluating economic theories and models that purport to describe modern industrial economies


Author(s):  
Анна Алексеевна Троицкая

Статья посвящена одной из сторон творчества английского миниатюриста-эмальера Уильяма Эссекса, выполнившего серию исторических портретов представителей тюдоровской династии. В контексте общего интереса к английской истории, а также определенной ретроспективной тенденции, свойственной викторианской эпохе, работы Эссекса демонстрируют восприятие портретной миниатюры как воплощение образов прошлого и как характерную «вещицу из прошлого». Традиция создавать небольшие изображения, предназначенные для приватного созерцания, довольно стара, и англичане, преуспевшие в развитии портретного жанра, на протяжении нескольких столетий были долгое время увлечены ею. В данной статье произведения Уильяма Эссекса рассматриваются с точки зрения стилистических и технических аспектов создания миниатюры, что позволяет осветить вопросы, связанные со сменой восприятия этой малой формы портретного искусства. Парадоксальность ситуации воспроизведения в миниатюре портретов английских монархов c миниатюрных же оригиналов, написанных в XVI – начале XVII вв., исследуется в статье с позиций теории и практики коллекционирования как способа взаимодействия с историей. Интерес к прошлому, разнообразно проявившийся в культуре викторианской Англии, здесь усиливается необходимостью представления фамильной истории английской короны. Выбор формы для ее визуализации определен предпочтением личного, приватного искусства миниатюры, которое придает обращению к истории сентиментальный характер. В контексте зарождения и распространения фотографических портретов той эпохи эмалевые миниатюры выступают как носители образов прошлого, как воплощение угасающего рукотворного искусства, вытесняемого новыми техническими средствами. Наконец, работа Эссекса над историческими портретами тюдоровской Англии, с его стремлением к формально-стилистическому подобию, становится частью сложного ретроспективного механизма, подобного двойной цитате, поскольку оригиналы воспроизводимых миниатюр также не являлись исходными изображениями. Анализ художественно-образных средств, характерных для серии портретов-миниатюр, и исторических обстоятельств возникновения интереса заказчика к конкретным образам прошлого позволяет выявить тонкую грань между воспроизведением и стилизацией, следованием традиции и идеализацией. Исследование специфического художественного опыта создания этих миниатюр обнаруживает особый способ обращения к культурной памяти, а также характер семейных и национальных ценностей, воплощенных через формирование коллекции. Практика коллекционирования – одно из проявлений викторианской визуальной культуры – в данном случае оказывает определенное влияние и на моделирование английской истории, и на формирование художественного вкуса эпохи. The article addresses the artworks of William Essex, an English enamel-painter, who created a series of the Tudors’ historical portraits. In the context of general interest in English history, as well as a certain retrospective trend peculiar for the Victorian era, William Essex`s works exemplify the miniature portraits as the embodiment of images from the past and as something characteristic to the past. The tradition of small-size portraits intended for private contemplation is quite old, and the British, who have succeeded in the development of the portrait genre, have been rather keen on it for several centuries. The article considers William Essex’s miniatures from the point of view of the stylistic and technical aspects of the genre, which allows casting some light on the issues related to the change of perception of this minor art form. The paradox of duplication by Essex of original sixteenth- and early-seventeenth-century miniatures is investigated in the article from the standpoint of the theory and practice of collecting as a way of interaction with history. The reason why the miniatures were commissioned by the Queen is both in necessity to create a gallery of family history of the English crown and in the Victorians` taste for reconstruction of the past. The choice of form for its embodiment is determined by the preference for personal, private miniature art, which gives a sentimental character to the appeal to history. In the context of the origin and spread of daguerreotypes at the time, enamel miniatures act as representatives of images of the past and the phenomenon of the fading handmade art, displaced by new technical means. In addition, Essex’s work on the Tudors’ historical portraits, with his aim for formal and stylistic resemblance, is included in a complex retrospective mechanism, like a double quote, since the sources of the reproduced miniatures were also not painted from the life and had their own originals. The analysis of artistic and imagery methods, characteristic for this series of miniatures, as well as the description of the historical circumstances in which the customer took interest in the specific images from the past, allows exposing a fine line between imitation and stylization, between tradition and idealization. In conclusion, it is stated that the specific artistic experience of the creation of these miniatures reveals a peculiar way to refer to the cultural memory, to assert some family and national values evoked in the process of the formation of the collection. Here the practice of collecting (one of the manifestations of the Victorian visual culture) is closely connected with the modeling of English history and the artistic taste of the era.


Author(s):  
Yevhenii Kostyk

The subject of research is the organizational structure and economic activities of the cooperative publishing house «Kultur-Liga». The aim of the study is to study the development of the organizational structure and economic activities of the cooperative publishing house «Kultur-Liga» in the context of economic history. Methods of research. All components of the study are based on fundamental principles – scientific, historicism, objectivity, system, development, priority of concrete verity, pluralism; and also the methods of knowledge of social and economic processes of social development – analysis, synthesis, problem-chronological, comparative analytical, archaeological, retrospective, statistical, a systematic and integrated approach. Research methodology. In the process of investigating this problem, the fundamental principles were based on economic history and history of economic thought, the Ukrainian and foreign scientists’ works and experts in this area. Results of the study. In the study, we tried to consider the development of the organizational structure and economic activities of the cooperative publishing house «Kultur-Liga» in the context of economic history. The field of application of results. The results of this study can be used in studying issues of economic history and the history of economic thought. Conclusions. Thus, noting the fact that we considered above – the development of the organizational structure and economic and economic activity of the cooperative publishing house «Kultura-Liga», permits to characterize the features of the formation organizational structure of a publishing house, to consider social and professional founders and members, to analyze a system of cooperative management based on a share company. It should be noted that in Ukraine at the present stage of development of the market economy where is dominated by various forms of ownership, a national publishing industry is in a difficult situation. The search of an effective model of the national book publishing is an important today, and so in the study particular attention is paid to own historical experience.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Josef Falkinger ◽  
Elisa Huber ◽  
Johannes Chalupa

This paper is an attempt to contribute to the discussion on multinational enterprises shifting certain economic activities to special purpose entities abroad for reasons of tax optimisation. The authors argue that a transfer of production to a special purpose entity abroad permitted by tax law is not necessarily a transfer of production in an economic sense. Special purpose vehicles can be involved in production processes from a legal point of view without producing any goods or services in reality – a phenomenon the authors call ‘virtual production’. Thus, simply mirroring the legal transactions in national accounts may result in a distorted representation of economic reality. Unfortunately, the System of National Accounts in its current version as well as other existing guidelines lack clear guidance in order to distinguish virtual from real economic activity in the context of special purpose vehicles. This paper offers a proposal for improvement of existing definitions and concepts.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Merison Merison ◽  
Elvina Rahmi ◽  
Ridho Nur ◽  
Elfia Elfia

This article discusses the history of economic thought in the third century. Islam has provided all the guidelines or guidelines for humans to live in the world, both morally and economically. One of the most important economic activities that Islam promotes is the Qur'anic trade, and the hadith explains much about the profession. Where business is essential for the survival of humankind as civilization progresses on the surface of the earth, especially in the field of commerce where every trader competes for profit. Unfortunately, as the civilization of the traders begins to do everything to profit without regard to the rules laid down in the Shari'ah, One of the ways traders can benefit from unhealthy habits is to practice Siyasah al-Ighraq (dumping). And the people who talk about this are Yahya Bin Umar and Ahmad Bin Hanbal. The method in this study is library research aimed at studying the concept of a legal matter, using descriptive-analytical methods, normative-economic, and sociological approaches. The results show that the focus of Yahya bin Umar's attention is on the market rules that are reflected in the discussion of the bag (pricing). Implementation of prices (al-tas'ir) is a dominant theme in the book of Ahkam al-Suq, the author of the book, Imam Yahya bin Umar, repeatedly discussing it in various places. Apparently, he wants to say that price existence is an essential thing in a transaction and neglecting it can cause damage to people's lives. Related to this. Yahya bin Umar argues that al-tas'ir (pricing) cannot be done. Likewise, with Imam Ahmad, he criticized buyers who bought other people's goods at the same time. A seller who loses his price will monopolize the commodity, and if there is no competition, he can give it whatever he wants. Be more careful when making decisions. Imam Ahmad requested that such cases be remedied to avoid monopoly and other unpleasant practices.


2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-379
Author(s):  
Rosario Patalano

In the current recession, the proposal of negative nominal interest has received widespread attention, not only in the academic world. The negative interest rate issue was originally developed by Silvio Gesell (1862–1930), a German merchant, self-taught economist, and social reformer. In his main work,The Natural Economic Order, Gesell offered a theoretical basis for the practical implementation of the negative interest rate. This proposal, generally known as the “stamped money plan,” was favorably commented upon by two outstanding twentieth-century economists, Irving Fisher and John Maynard Keynes, and put into practice during the Great Depression. In this paper I propose a reading of Gesell’s theory of money from the point of view of quantity theory, giving prominence to elements of affinity with Fisher’s monetary theory. This re-examination entails revision of the opinion on the analytical contribution made by Gesell, who was generally tagged as a typical monetary crank, and proves that his place in the history of economic thought is less marginal than previously thought, reinforcing critical appreciation of him.


2021 ◽  
pp. 217-244
Author(s):  
Fabio Monsalve Serrano ◽  
Óscar De-Juan

Following Odd Langholm certain ideas of Lugo presents this scho-lar as an author in transition between scholastic and natural law philosophers paradigms. The key point is the depersonalization or the objectivization of the economy characterized by the disappearance of the interpersonal eco-nomic relations and the necessity as a condition of the will and of the co-venants validity. These ideas appear on Lugo writings over the will and the keeping covenants. This paper revise Langholm thesis. The authors agreeing over the second item, not fully over the first one. Anyway, this «new ideas» are a Lugo attempt to fit the new economic reality with the scholastic legacy, where he belongs to. Key words: History of Economic Thought, dominant position, ethics and justice. Códigos JEL: B11, D42, Z10. Resumen: Odd Langholm reconoce en Lugo ciertas ideas que lo presen-tan como un autor en transición entre el paradigma escolástico y el de los filósofos del derecho natural. El elemento central de esta transición es la despersonalización u objetivación de la economía caracterizada por la desaparición de la dimensión interpersonal en las relaciones económicas y de la necesidad como condicionante de la voluntad y de la validez de los contratos. Estas ideas se hacen patentes en Lugo en el tratamiento de la voluntad y en el del cumplimiento de los contratos. En este trabajo se revisa la tesis de Langholm concluyendo que en el primer caso la ruptu-ra no es radical, pero sí en el segundo. En cualquier caso, las «nuevas ideas» en Lugo son un intento de armonizar la nueva realidad económi-ca con la tradición escolástica, a la que pertenece. Palabras clave: Historia del pensamiento económico, posición dominante, ética y justicia.


2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Boianovsky

Michael Woodford's 2003 Interest and Prices has been regarded as the most important contribution to monetary economics since the publication of Don Patinkin's Money, Interest and Prices fifty years ago. Like Patinkin, Woodford sought inspiration in Knut Wicksell's 1898 Interest and Prices. But, while Patinkin built on Wicksell's incipient formulation of the real balance effect and stability analysis of the price level (see Boianovsky 1998), Woodford has elaborated on Wicksell's concept of a pure credit economy (called “cashless economy” in the 2003 version), a theme largely disregarded by Patinkin. This difference in perspective is in part related to the fact that Patinkin's concern was mainly monetary theory, whereas Woodford has focused on monetary policy instead. In early 2004 I invited a group of scholars to discuss Wood-ford's book from the point of view of the history of thought and methodology in a session at the History of Economics Society meetings, held in June of that year at Victoria University, Toronto. Michael Woodford was also invited to participate in the session and reply to the comments. The revised papers are published here as a mini-symposium.


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