scholarly journals Analysis of application of biotechnologies to obtain high quality planting material of plants of the Salicaceae Mirb. family in vitro for creation of bioenergy plantations

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Chornobrov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The Family ◽  
Active Regeneration

In conditions of a sharp reduction in the stocks of traditional fuels, it is important to find new efficient and renewable carbon-neutral energy sources. One of the most promising sources of renewable energy is the biomass of woody plants, in particular the family Willow (Salicaceae Mirb.). Traditionally, Salicaceae plants are propagated by generative and vegetative methods. Microclonal propagation, in contrast to traditional methods of reproduction, allows to obtain genetically homogeneous healthy planting material throughout the year. A significant number of biotechnological publications focus on the development of the optimal protocol for the reproduction of plants of the family Salicaceae, the study of the morphogenetic potential of tissues and optimizing their growth. However, the authors note the individually determined regenerative ability of plant material in vitro, which depends on a number of factors. The purpose of the study is to analyze the results of biotechnological research on the effectiveness (possibility) of obtaining high-quality planting material of plants of the family Salicaceae by tissue in vitro. For this purpose, we used the results of biotechnological studies of plant tissues of the family Salicaceae in vitro by foreign and domestic authors published in professional journals during 2010−2020. Research methods − analysis, comparison, synthesis, generalization. The analysis revealed that the sterilization regime of Salicaceae plant material depends on the type of explant, phenological phase and age of the donor plant. Step-by-step sterilization using mercury chloride, sodium hypochlorite and silver nitrate effectively neutralizes the exogenous biota of woody explants. The stage of active vegetation is the optimal period of isolation of explants. To obtain virus-free regenerating plants, it is advisable to use apical meristems, callus tissue − leaf blades, active regeneration − microshoots. Stable regeneration system, its type, multiplication factor of Salicaceae plants are genetically determined. For the introduction of plants in vitro, active proliferation, rooting, microclonal propagation, it is advisable to use nutrient media according to WPM (McCown & Lloyd, 1981) and MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962). For regeneration of plants by direct morphogenesis and activation of growth of existing meristems of an explant to apply the environment with cytokinins (BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), kinetin or 2-isopentenyladenine (2-ip), for rooting − with auxins NAA (α-naphthylacetic), IBA (3-indolylbutyric acid) and IAA (β-indolyl-3-acetic acid). Further research is aimed at optimizing the propagation protocols of Salicaceae plants in vitro.

scholarly journals Sanitization of potato varieties from the VIR collection against viruses

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
E. S. Bespalova ◽  
M. M. Agakhanov ◽  
S. B. Arkhimandritova ◽  
M. V. Erastenkova ◽  
Yu. V. Uhatova
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Potato Collection

Background. VIR’s potato collection is one of the oldest and richest; however, it is constantly exposed to viruses that negatively affect useful agronomic properties of tubers. Close monitoring of the phytosanitary state of potato accessions helps to select the most effective method of therapy for subsequent healing of infected plants and obtaining high-quality planting material.Materials and methods. The research was aimed at improving the health of 18 varieties of Solanum tuberosum L. from the VIR collection. Testing for the presence of viruses was based on the ICA and RTPCR techniques, and the consequent healing was performed using the methods of meristem culture and cryotherapy.Results and conclusions. During the field test of potato plants, PVX, PVS and PVA were found to be the most common viruses. PSTVd was completely absent in all tested accessions. The effectiveness of in vitro healing of potato plants from viruses was assesses using meristem culture. The percentage of healed plants was 0% for PVS, 0% for PVX, 33.4% for PVA, 50% for PLRV, 72.3% for PVY, and 83.4% for PVM. Healing with meristem culture was shown to be the most effective against PVY and PVM. While assessing the effectiveness of post-cryogenic restoration of potato microplants, the level of post-cryogenic regeneration of the shoot tips in potato microplants was determined at 22.3% on average for a sample. The minimum was observed in k-16762 ‘Sagita N’ (5%), and the maximum in k-1378 ‘Marta’ (41.7%). Analysis of the effectiveness of potato recovery from viruses by in vitro cryotherapy showed that the percentage of recovered plants was 100% for PVY, 100% for PVA, 88.9% for PVM, 77.8% for PVS, 44.4% for PVX. Thus, the techniques of apical meristem culture and cryotherapy proved to be effective against PVY, PVA and PVM viruses. However, in the case of multiple infections, it is necessary to combine elements of different healing protocols to increase the effectiveness of the healing procedure. 

scholarly journals Enhancement of chemical constituents in hydrosol and residual water of Aquilaria malaccensis tetraploid

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Suhaila A Rahman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Aquilaria Malaccensis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Material Choice ◽  
By Products ◽  
Better Than

Aquilaria malaccensis is an agarwood-producing species in the family Thymeleaeceae. Agarwood is a fragrant resin used in the manufacture of incense sticks, and in pharmaceutical, perfumery and cosmetic industries. In addition to the resin, hydrosol and residual water by-products from agarwood woodchip distillation are also utilized. Hydrosol contains water-soluble fragrant chemicals used as a tonic drink, in cooking and cosmetics while the residual water is used in spas and aromatic bath treatments. The present study was conducted to identify and compare compounds present in hydrosol and residual water by-products of diploid and polyploid A. malaccensis. Four different four-month-old A. malaccensis plants were compared: soil-grown diploid seedlings (DS), in vitro-grown seedlings (DV), tissue culture-derived plantlets (DC) and artificially induced tetraploid plantlets (TC). Hydrosol water from TC leaf and root samples were found to contain higher amounts of compounds compared with other samples. The TC leaf samples were qualitatively better as key compounds of agarwood such as α- and γ-eudesmol were detected. TC stem samples also contained higher amounts of key compounds compared with other samples, while the overall amount of compounds was highest in DS stem samples. The residual water of TC stem and root samples contained key compounds not detected in other samples, while DS residual water samples contained the highest total amount of compounds. Aquilaria malaccensis tetraploids performed better than their diploid counterparts in production of compounds, and thus may be a better planting material choice for commercial plantations.

scholarly journals Optimization of explants in vitro sterilization protocol of some deciduous tree species

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Chornobrov ◽  
O. E. Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Direct Regeneration ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Tilia Platyphyllos ◽  
Chemical Sterilization ◽  
Sterilization Regime

One of the methods of obtaining planting material of deciduous plants, in particular common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), broad-leaved linden (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) is microclonal propagation. Asepticity of explants is a prerequisite for microclonal plant propagation. Chemical sterilization with liquid substances is mostly used for this purpose. The mode of decontamination is influenced by a number of factors, in particular the genotype of the plant. The purpose of the study was to optimize the sterilization protocol of F. excelsior, T. platyphyllos and B. pendula explants for microclonal propagation. For research, 20–30 cm of shoots isolated from 12-year-old T. platyphyllos, 10-year-old B. pendula, and 15-year-old F. excelsior in February-March 2021 were used. Plant material was cultured according to conventional methods on a nutrient medium MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962). Biotechnological methods were used (plant tissue culture in vitro, microclonal propagation). MS Excel software package was used to process the experimental data, the mean and its standard error were calculated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to analyze the effect of explant sterilization on asepsis. The expediency of keeping plant material during the day in 0.1 % solution of «Samshit»  F. excelsior and 0.3 % solution «Fundazole»  T. platyphyllos and B. pendula is shown. The sterilization protocol of experimental plants (efficiency over 50 %) was optimized by using a stepwise method using 70 % ethyl alcohol, 1.0 % and 2.0 % AgNO3 and 2.5 % and 5.0 % NaClO. The effect of the sterilization regime of experimental plants on asepsis is statistically significant at the level of 5%. To initiate the explants, a culture medium according to the MS prescription was used with the addition of 0.25 mg/L kinetin and 2.0 g/L activated carbon. Further studies are aimed at developing a protocol for direct regeneration of microshoots of F. excelsior, T. platyphyllos and B. pendula under the action of components of the culture medium in vitro.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Growth Statistics of Two Species of Paulownia and Optimization of Rooting Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Hari Krishna Saiju ◽  
Abhishesh Bajracharya ◽  
Brishav Rajbahak ◽  
Stuti Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Paulownia Tomentosa ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
The Family

Paulownia is a fast-growing woody tree, native to the forests of China. It belongs to the family Scrophulariaceae and is mainly used as a source of wood for furniture and musical instruments. Due to its fast-growing nature and high-quality of wood, there has been growing interest in cultivation and research of Paulownia in Nepal. Growth comparison was performed by measuring shoot length in in vitro condition. Among two species of Paulownia - Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud and Paulownia fortuneii (Seem.) Hemsl., the growth rate of P. tomentosa was found to be 0.355 cm/week while that of P. fortuneii was found to be 0.637 cm/week in in-vitro conditions in MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA and 1mg/l BAP. Optimization of rooting methods was also performed, in which, sand rooting was found to be easier and more effective than in-vitro rooting. Dipping the plantlets in 1 mg/l of NAA was found to produce longer and denser roots than lower or higher concentrations during sand rooting.

scholarly journals Explants selection and conditions of the donor material cultivation for Callistephus Chinensis (L.) Ness. introduced sorts in vitro introduction with a view to its further use in greening

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
S. Turchyna
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Donor Material ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Literary Sources

The aim. The technology of cultivating high-quality planting material of Callistephus Chinensis (Callistephus Chinensis (L.) Nees) in vitro has been developed on the basis of planting material parameters optimization taking into account its biological characteristics and its elements have been improved. In particular, a set of biotechnological techniques for the production of self-adhesives, regeneration plants and their adaptation to in vivo conditions have been developed. The data of literary sources of Ukrainian and foreign origins on the reproduction of varieties (Callistephus Chinensis (L.) Nees) in vitro and in notional conditions are studied and generalized. Biotechnology methods, microclonal reproduction in particular, along with fundamental researches, have been widely used in the applied directions of experimental biology. First of all, it is about the plants gene pool preservation, creating the high-quality gardening material and accelerated vegetative reproduction. Research material and methods. 20 varieties of Chinensis Callistephus plants with different important characteristics, origin and application direction were used in our studies. Research results. Six genotypes were selected as a result of studies on the seeds germination of the most decorative varieties of Callistephus Chinensis with different economic and valuable characteristics. These were selected for in vitro introduction in order to accelerate their reproduction. Discussion. For this purpose we collected previously selected 100 seeds in laboratory conditions, at a temperature of 18–20 oC and humidity of 75–80 %. The seeds were collected in a phased manner, namely 10 pieces each and placed in a flask with distilled water for a period of up to 20–30 minutes. After a period of time, seeds with an incomplete germ bag floated up to the surface of the flask and made, respectively, 10 to 30 % for different genotypes of. Conclusions. That is, the optimal physical conditions for donor material cultivation have been selected and the mechanism for selecting the filled seed germs of the studied genotypes has been worked out. Key words: source material, Callistephus Chinensis, varieties, introduction, in vitro, economically valuable signs, genotype.

scholarly journals Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. cultivation in the conditions of light culture in vitro and ex vitro

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
E. A. Kalashnikova ◽  
R. N. Kirakosyan ◽  
A. V. Gushchin ◽  
K. G. Abubakarov ◽  
N. N. Sleptsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Red Light ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Micro Propagation

Relevance. Currently, food products that include prebiotics, in particular, inulin, are particularly popular. Interest in this substance is justified by its valuable properties – it is a good immunomodulator, cleanses the body of toxins, radionuclides, "bad" cholesterol, promotes the assimilation of useful trace elements necessary for human life. Inulin is contained in plants such as jerusalem artichoke, chicory, as well as in sweet potatoes, the popularity of which is increasing every year. However, sweet potato plants are afraid of cold and frost-resistant. Therefore, the creation of new varieties and hybrids that are resistant to low temperatures is an urgent problem. Cellular biotechnology is aimed at solving this problem using methods of clonal microreproduction, cell selection, somatic hybridization, etc. For rapid reproduction and obtaining high-quality planting material, biotechnology methods are used, in particular, clonal micro-propagation. However, in this technology there are difficulties associated with poor adaptation of microclones to ex vitro conditions. This fact introduces an additional requirement for the selection of optimal rooting modes in vitro and ex vitro adaptation of microclones.Material and methodology. The aim of the work was to study the influence of cultivation conditions on in vitro rooting and ex vitro adaptation of I. batatas (L.) microclones. The object of the study was sweet potato microgears propagated in vitro. I. batatas micro-gears were cultured in vitro on a Murashige-Skug medium, differing by the type of auxins. The influence of red (R) and far red (FR) light on the shoots rooting in vitro and the adaptation of microclones ex vitro was studied.Results. It has been experimentally established that the cultivation of micro-gears on a medium containing indolyl butyric acid at a concentration of 0.5-1 mg/l and under conditions of illumination by LED lamps of red and far red light in equal amounts leads to the production of microclones with a well-developed root system and vegetative biomass. The use of an aeroponic installation at the last stage of clonal micro-propagation makes it possible to obtain high-quality planting material that can adapt well to open ground conditions.

scholarly journals Technology and mechanization of cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke healthier 

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Starovoitov Viktor I ◽  
Starovoitova Oksana A ◽  
Aldoshin Nikolay ◽  
Manokhina Aleksandra А
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rapid Multiplication ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Mass Reproduction ◽  
High Quality Seed ◽  
The Cost

erusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosum L.) is a promising bioenergy multi-purpose crop. The Jerusalem artichoke is a valuable culture that is a source of inulin, fructose and pectin. Green mass of the Jerusalem artichoke has a high content of complex carbohydrate (fructose, glucose, sucrose, etc.) in the dry weight of the plant contain up to 17% protein with a balanced amino acid composition. Biotechnological methods are firmly established in plant growing practice and are widely used for rapid multiplication and obtaining healthy planting material of many economically important crops. The technology of micro clonal propagation “in vitro” has great importance for the development of seed production of Jerusalem artichoke and obtain sufficient quantity of high quality planting material. Formed innovative scheme of sequential technological process of seed production of Jerusalem artichoke includes the production of original seed material “in vitro” Jerusalem artichoke, mass reproduction by aero hydroponic installations, and the rationale based on research of the technology of growing high-quality seed of Jerusalem artichoke. It was found that at cultivation of minitubers of micro plants in aero hydroponic installation compared to farming by traditional technology, the cost of one minituber decreased by 9.58 RUB.

scholarly journals REGENERATION OF COWPEA [VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.) WALP.] FROM SEEDLING SHOOT APEX CALLUS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 434f-434
Author(s):  
Jameel M. Al-Khayri ◽  
Teddy E. Morelock ◽  
Edwin J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Important Food ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Mature Seeds

Cowpea, or southernpea, is an important food legume that provides a source of high-quality protein, especially in the mature seeds. In the United States, industries exist to supply dry and processed seeds. Our aim is to develop a regeneration system for cowpea as a prerequisite for genetic engineering. Our objective was to examine the in vitro responses of shoot tips to growth regulators. Shoot tips isolated from in vitro-germinated seedlings (`Coronet') were cultured on MS medium containing 2,4-D at 0, 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg·liter–1 and kinetin at 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 mg·liter–1. Cultures were maintained at 12-hour photoperiods and 24C. Callus, shoots, and roots or combinations thereof developed depending on the treatment. Callus formed on 1 mg 2,4-D/liter, regardless of the kinetin level, but at 0.1 mg 2,4-D/liter and 5 or 10 mg kinetin/liter, shoots also grew. Callus, shoots, and roots developed on 2,4-D lower than 0.1 mg·liter–1. Callus induced on 5 mg kinetin/liter and 0.01 mg 2,4-D/liter regenerated shoots on transfer to 5 mg kinetin/liter and 0.1 mg NAA/liter. This work may assist in the development of a micropropagation system for cowpea.

scholarly journals Biotechnology for obtaining virus-free apple planting stocks

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Natalya Vladimirovna Romadanova ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Veniaminovna Kushnarenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
General Will ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Long Time

The review describes the successive stages of work on the production of virus-free apple planting stocks using biotechnology methods. Compositions of nutrient media, duration and temperature regime of plant material treatment, and other details for all stages of cryopreservation (cryotherapy), chemotherapy, detection of viruses are presented, methods of in vitro initiation, micropropagation, in vitro rooting and adaptation of plant material to the soil substrate are discussed. Virus-free collection of Malus domestica Borkh. and M. sieversii Ledeb. M. Roem. is preserved by in vitro culture and cold storage (+4 °C). Cryopreservation of shoot tips of apple historic cultivars and wild forms in liquid nitrogen at -196° will preserve this valuable material for a long time and, if necessary, can be used in breeding. Virus-free apple rootstocks and cultivars will be available to provide planting material of a super-elite class for local nurseries and in general will promote the development of the domestic nursery.

The Development of Homologous (Canine/Anti-Canine) Antibodies in Dogs with Haemophilia A (Factor VIII Deficiency): A Ten-Year Longitudinal Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 021-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Tinlin ◽  
Sandra Webster ◽  
Alan R Giles
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Canine Model ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Variable Expression ◽  
The Family ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThe development of inhibitors to factor VIII in patients with haemophilia A remains as a serious complication of replacement therapy. An apparently analogous condition has been described in a canine model of haemophilia A (Giles et al., Blood 1984; 63:451). These animals and their relatives have now been followed for 10 years. The observation that the propensity for inhibitor development was not related to the ancestral factor VIII gene has been confirmed by the demonstration of vertical transmission through three generations of the segment of the family related to a normal (non-carrier) female that was introduced for breeding purposes. Haemophilic animals unrelated to this animal have not developed functionally significant factor VIII inhibitors despite intensive factor VIII replacement. Two animals have shown occasional laboratory evidence of factor VIII inhibition but this has not been translated into clinical significant inhibition in vivo as assessed by clinical response and F.VIII recovery and survival characteristics. Substantial heterogeneity of inhibitor expression both in vitro and in vivo has been observed between animals and in individual animals over time. Spontaneous loss of inhibitors has been observed without any therapies designed to induce tolerance, etc., being instituted. There is also phenotypic evidence of polyclonality of the immune response with variable expression over time in a given animal. These observations may have relevance to the human condition both in determining the pathogenetic factors involved in this condition and in highlighting the heterogeneity of its expression which suggests the need for caution in the interpretation of the outcome of interventions designed to modulate inhibitor activity.

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