scholarly journals Study of Self-Purification of Water Body Physical Mechanism as Part of "Complex Usage of Water Resources" Academic Subject

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksei Nikolaevich Birzul' ◽  
Dmitry Aleksandrovich Pitilyak
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
Water Resources Utilization ◽  
Purification Of Water

The article highlights the methodological issues of physical self-purification mechanisms of water bodies; they are closely related to the problem of protection and multipurpose water resources utilization. Methods of enhancing the physical processes of water bodies’ self-purification are described and considered to be included in lectures in construction educational institutions. Radioactive, mechanical, electromagnetic, and thermal mechanisms are characterized in detail. According to the authors, knowing of the physical mechanisms of self-purification will decrease the depletion of water resources and reduce their pollution.

scholarly journals Proposta e Avaliação de Índices para Delimitar e Mapear Corpos D’água Utilizando Imagens do Satélite LANDSAT 8 (Proposal and evaluation of indices to delimit and map water bodies using images from LANDSAT 8 satellite)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1956
Author(s):  
GABRIEL HENRIQUE DE ALMEIDA PEREIRA ◽  
Marciel Lohmann ◽  
Ronaldo Ferreira Maganhotto
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Infrared Band ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Middle Infrared

Este artigo teve como objetivo principal propor três novos Índices da Diferença Normalizada de Água e compará-los aos índices existentes, para delimitar e mapear corpos d’água utilizando imagens do satélite Landsat 8. A área de estudo escolhida foi um braço do reservatório da usina hidrelétrica de Itaipu. Foram utilizadas quatro imagens do satélite Landsat 8 do ano de 2015, sobre as quais índices já conhecidos na literatura foram calculados. Em função do Landsat 8 possuir uma nova banda chamada Coastal/Aerosol projetada especificamente para os recursos hídricos e investigação da zona costeira, foram propostos três novos índices utilizando esta nova banda e as bandas do infravermelho, sendo calculados e comparados. Os resultados mostraram que todos os oito índices foram capazes de identificar o corpo d’água referente ao braço do reservatório, sendo que entre os três novos índices propostos que utilizam a banda Coastal/Aerosol, o que obteve melhor resultado foi o CAMIR, que usa juntamente a banda do infravermelho médio. Esta técnica torna-se uma ferramenta importante para os gestores de bacias hidrográficas pois permite monitorar os recursos hídricos sob a ótica da dinâmica espacial e temporal de maneira automática, com aplicações claras para monitoramento de sedimentos, algas e plantas aquáticas bem como o mapeamento de áreas inundáveis e de risco à inundação.    A B S T R A C T This article aimed to propose three new water indexes to detect and map water bodies and compare these indexes to already known indexes using images from Landsat 8. The study area was a part of the Itaipu reservoir. There were used four Landsat 8's images from 2015 on which indexes were calculated. Landsat 8 has a new band called Coastal/Aerosol and designed specifically for water resources and coastal zone research. Three new indices using this new band and infrared bands were proposed, calculated and compared with other indexes. The results showed that all eight indexes studied were able to identify the water body. About the three proposed new indexes the best was the CAMIR that uses the Coastal/Aerosol and the Middle Infrared band. These techniques becomes an important tool for manager watersheds because they allow monitoring the water resources from the perspective of spatial and temporal dynamics automatically, with clear applications for monitoring sediments, algae and aquatic plants as well as the flood risk areas. Keywords: NDWI; CAMIR; Itaipu; Reservoir.   

scholarly journals Outorga e suas implicações na piscicultura no entorno do reservatório de Furnas

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Franciny Oliveira de Deus ◽  
Marcelo de Oliveira Latuf
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiple Uses ◽  
Environmental Demands ◽  
National Water

A gestão de recursos hídricos é urgente e permite atender às demandas econômicas, sociais e ambientais. Entretanto, muitas vezes, surgem conflitos em relação ao seu uso. A água é um bem de uso comum do povo, portanto, ela é de domínio público, mas para que ocorra um consumo em níveis sustentáveis é necessário obter autorização, quando se trata de intervenção em um corpo hídrico, relativa à quantidade, qualidade ou regime das águas, essa autorização é denominada de Outorga de Direito de Uso de Recursos Hídricos. Na piscicultura a outorga tem papel fundamental, pois ela regularizará a prática do cultivo de peixes e contribuirá para evitar que corpos hídricos sejam contaminados com o descarte irregular dos resíduos do cultivo.Palavras-chave: Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, Usos múltiplos, Economia da água.Abstract The management of water resources is urgent and allows to meet the economic, social and environmental demands. However, conflicts often arise concerning its use. Water is a common good; therefore it is in the public domain, but for consumption to occur at sustainable levels it is necessary to obtain authorization when it comes to intervention in a water body, concerning the quantity, quality or regime of water, this authorisation is called Granting of Right to Use Water Resources. In fish farming, the grant has a fundamental role since it will regularise the practice of fish farming and will help prevent water bodies from being contaminated with the irregular disposal of crop residues.Keywords: National Water Resources Policy, Multiple uses, Water economy.

Development of Dialog System Model for Eutrophication Control between Discharging River Basin and Receiving Water Body – Case Study of Lake Sagami (Japan)

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1821-1824
Author(s):  
M. Suzuki ◽  
K. Chihara ◽  
M. Okada ◽  
H. Kawashima ◽  
S. Hoshino
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Expert System ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Receiving Water

A computer program based on expert system software was developed and proposed as a prototype model for water management to control eutrophication problems in receiving water bodies (Suzuki etal., 1988). The system has several expert functions: 1. data input and estimation of pollution load generated and discharged in the river watershed; 2. estimation of pollution load run-off entering rivers; 3. estimation of water quality of receiving water bodies, such as lakes; and 4. assisting man-machine dialog operation. The program can be used with MS-DOS BASIC and assembler in a 16 bit personal computer. Five spread sheets are utilized in calculation and summation of the pollutant load, using multi-windows. Partial differential equations for an ecological model for simulation of self-purification in shallow rivers and simulation of seasonal variations of water quality in a lake were converted to computer programs and included in the expert system. The simulated results of water quality are shown on the monitor graphically. In this study, the expert system thus developed was used to estimate the present state of one typical polluted river basin. The river was the Katsura, which flows into Lake Sagami, a lake dammed for water supply. Data which had been actually measured were compared with the simulated water quality data, and good agreement was found. This type of expert system is expected to be useful for water management of a closed water body.

Spatial Analysis of Water Resources Data in Selected Districts of Bihar

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
MANIBHUSHAN MANIBHUSHAN ◽  
AKRAM AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Tabular Data ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Attribute Data ◽  
State Study ◽  
Scientific Personnel ◽  
Bihar State

The main aim of this study is to apply geographic information system (GIS) and data mining techniques to get the attribute data in a spatial and tabular form related to district wise availability of standing water bodies in their area and number of Bihar state. An analysis has been done on available spatial data and maps to get non-spatial/ tabular data, which are in a more easily understandable form. Data extracted district-wise related to area and number of standing water bodies according to their size of Bihar state. Study shows that the number and area of standing water bodies in Madhubani, East Champaran and Patna districts are 2185, 1753, 350 and 2355.42, 6752.36 and 8429.68 ham respectively. In this way, number and area of standing water bodies of other districts of Bihar are also extracted from geodatabases and digitized maps. This type of information is more useful than the spatial data because a common person is able to understand these tabular data and they can use this data for their own purposes. These data can be utilized by scientific personnel as well as farmers and that will be used in agriculture for better utilization of water resources to enhance agricultural productivity and income of farmers of Bihar state.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mechanism ◽  
Thermal Ecology ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Physical Mechanisms ◽  
The Subject

This introduces the subject, laying out the organisation of the book and emphasising the importance of both simple underlying physical mechanisms and evolutionary variability to thermal ecology. It distinguishes physical mechanism from statistical description, and the importance of evolutionary processes in comparisons across species.

Study on Efficiency of Rainfall and Flood Water Resources Utilization in Coastal Area

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Qin Chen ◽  
Xian Feng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Flood Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Resources Utilization

Due to the rich resources of urban rainwater and transit flood in coastal areas, rational utilization of rainfall and flood water resources can improve the sustainable utilization, to better serve the coastal development. In this paper, the available quantity of water rainfall and flood water resources in coastal are distributed to domestic water, industrial water, agricultural water and ecologic environmental water. Water price method is used to calculate domestic water efficiency. Energy synthesis is used to calculate the industrial and agricultural water-use efficiency. Ecologic environmental water-use efficiency-sharing coefficient method is used to calculate the ecologic environmental water-use efficiency. Finally, taking Lianyungang City, a Jiangsu coastal city as an example to analyze the rainfall and flood water resources utilization efficiency. The results provide reference to the research for Chinas plain area rainfall and flood water resources efficiency analysis.

scholarly journals Downscaling MODIS Surface Reflectance to Improve Water Body Extraction

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghong Che ◽  
Min Feng ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
Jia Song ◽  
Bei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Landsat 7

Inland surface water is essential to terrestrial ecosystems and human civilization. Accurate mapping of surface water dynamic is vital for both scientific research and policy-driven applications. MODIS provides twice observation per day, making it perfect for monitoring temporal water dynamic. Although MODIS provides two bands at 250 m resolution, accurately deriving water area always depends on observations from the spectral bands with 500 m resolution, which limits its discrimination ability over small lakes and rivers. The paper presents an automated method for downscaling the 500 m MODIS surface reflectance (SR) to 250 m to improve the spatial discrimination of water body extraction. The method has been tested at Co Ngoin and Co Bangkog in Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The downscaled SR and the derived water bodies were compared to SR and water body mapped from Landsat-7 ETM+ images were acquired on the same date. Consistency metrics were calculated to measure their agreement and disagreement. The comparisons indicated that the downscaled MODIS SR showed significant improvement over the original 500 m observations when compared with Landsat-7 ETM+ SR, and both commission and omission errors were reduced in the derived 250 m water bodies.

scholarly journals STUDY ON THE WATER BODY EXTRACTION USING GF-1 DATA BASED ON ADABOOST INTEGRATED LEARNING ALGORITHM

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W10 ◽  
pp. 641-648
Author(s):  
J. Y. Sun ◽  
G. Z. Wang ◽  
G. J. He ◽  
D. C. Pu ◽  
W. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Adaboost Algorithm ◽  
Classification Time ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Surface water system is an important part of global ecosystem, and the changes in surface water may lead to disasters, such as drought, waterlog, and water-borne diseases. The rapid development of remote sensing technology has supplied better strategies for water bodies extraction and further monitoring. In this study, AdaBoost and Random Forest (RF), two typical algorithms in integrated learning, were applied to extract water bodies in Chaozhou area (mainly located in Guangzhou Province, China) based on GF-1 data, and the Decision Tree (DT) was used for comparative tests to comprehensively evaluate the performance of classification algorithms listed above for surface water body extraction. The results showed that: (1) Compared with visual interpretation, AdaBoost performed better than RF in the extraction of several typical water bodies, such as rivers, lakes and ponds Moreover, the water extraction results of the strong classifiers using AdaBoost or RF were better than the weak basic classifiers. (2) For the quantitative accuracy statistics, the overall accuracy (96.5%) and kappa coefficient (93%) using AdaBoost exceeded those using RF (5.3% and 10.6%), respectively. The classification time of AdaBoost increased by 403 seconds and 918 seconds relative to RF and DT methods. However, in terms of visual interpretation, quantitative statistical accuracy and classification time, AdaBoost algorithm was more suitable for the water body extraction. (3) For the sample proportion comparison experiment of AdaBoost, four sampling proportions (0.1%, 0.2%, 1% and 2%) were chosen and 0.1% sampling proportion reached the optimum classification accuracy (93.9%) and kappa coefficient (87.8%).

scholarly journals The landscaping of urban agglomeration park systems

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 294-306
Author(s):  
Aleksandra V. Ostyakova ◽  
Ekaterina V Pluisnina
Keyword(s):  
Water Body ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
City Water ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Introduction. Studying water body ecological problems and ensuring the necessary level of sanitary maintenance and landscaping of the reservoirs with the surrounding areas are relevant due to the inadequate environmental condition of a large number of urban water bodies and small rivers within settlements. Materials and methods. The review of the available normative documents and the carried-out actions on the improvement of city water objects is given. Based on the visual study of the state of the pond banks at the Karbyshev Park at the settlement of Nakhabino, Moscow region, water quality indicators, sources of pollution of the pond, the article concluded on the unsatisfactory ecological and aesthetic condition of this urban pond. The objective of this paper is to analyze the existing negative environmental factors affectig the water body and to propose an option of the site landscaping and further safe usage. Results. A description of the Karbyshev Park territory is given. Also, negative factors influencing the pollution of the pond banks, and the quality of pond water are specified. A proposal contains a list of necessary types of activities on cleaning and improving the pond bowl and surrounding territory under the condition of preservation of its ecosystem. As a result of the integrated assessment of the pond ecological state, a model of the urban water body was created, and a variant of its ecological reconstruction was proposed. Conclusions. The study is of practical importance for accounting and elimination of environmental problems of urban water bodies of the Central European Russia and proposals of measures for their improvement and reclamation.

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