scholarly journals Opyt uvelicheniia zelenykh zon i zakrepleniia ikh pravovogo statusa na territorii munitsipal'nogo obrazovaniia gorod Novorossiisk

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Irina Iurevna Matasova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
Municipal Economy

The article examines the problems of landscaping of urban areas and securing their legal status as one of the main areas of activity of the municipal economy to create conditions for a high standard of living of the population. The empirical base was provided by regulations, scientific articles and literature, statistical data, reports, and the results of a sociological study conducted on the territory of the Novorossiysk's Ministry of Defense. The analysis of the material allowed us to study the experience of local authorities in this area and formulate proposals to improve their effectiveness.

scholarly journals Comfortable Urban Environment: Public Opinion of Muscovites

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
V.V. Aksenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Social Space ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Internet Portals ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

the article is devoted to issues related to the formation of a comfortable urban environment with the participation of the population. The city, being a social space, must provide a high standard of living for all its inhabitants. The article substantiates the importance of public participation in the improvement of the city and tells about the tools that ensure this. With the help of Internet portals created by the Moscow Government, the right of every citizen to express their opinion is realized. The article analyzes the work of these Internet portals and the results of a sociological study conducted in 2019 on the assessment of Muscovites on the ongoing measures for the reconstruction of Moscow.

THE CONCEPT OF A SMART CITY IN THE CONTEXT OF AN AGEING POPULATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brdulak
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
High Standard ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
City Management

The aim of this paper is to highlight the issues of smart cities in the context of a dynamic increase in the number of the elderly. From the point of view of urban development, the discussion about shaping cities in a way that would guarantee a high standard of living of their inhabitants becomes particularly topical. The process of urban planning should take into account the expectations of both citizens and investors. Developing a coherent strategy, based on cooperation between various groups of interest, will allow to create a city tailored to the needs of its “users” as well as to involve citizens in city management. From this perspective, it seems that the primary task of a smart city is to emphasize the significance of building social capital. The study focuses on a detailed analysis of the problems faced by the elderly in urban areas, including the issue of transportation.

scholarly journals Ways to improve the market of green agricultural products in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Yevtushevska ◽  
L. Holovachenko ◽  
J. Rudnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Acti Vity ◽  
Livestock Products

Human has been influencing the environment since ancient times, but never has this impact been asintense as in the last century. The use of natural resources is currently occurring at such a large scale and atsuch a rapid rate that the natural reproduction of the environments used is not ensured. As a result, the mu ltifaceted centuries-old human activity has left deep traces on the modern soil and vegetation, air and waterenvironment, wildlife. Today, more and more consumers in the world are aware of the benefits and preferproducts that have a positive impact on the environment and human health. The environmental safety ofagri-food products, whether it is finished products, crop products or livestock products, is a global issue, as itcovers not only human health but also the country's economy. The standard of living of citizens, social acti vity of the person depend on quality of production, and also there is an influence on demographic aspect ofhis existence. Therefore, to ensure a high standard of living, the state must pay more attention to the environmental safety of finished products. The scientific work investigates and highlights the features and currentstate of the market for clean products in Ukraine, determines the level of populations attitude to organicproducts, outlines ways to improve the market for organic products in Ukraine.

Household Production’s Nearest Neighbours: Small and ependent Farming in the Russian Countryside

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Pallot ◽  
Tat'yana Nefedova
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Rich Variety ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Informal Contracts ◽  
Farm Business ◽  
Backward Linkages

The Russian countryside has a rich variety of small and independent farmers, in addition to household producers. While many appear in records, the existence of others is hidden or is misrepresented in official typologies. Like household producers, these other independent producers cover a spectrum from those that are engaged primarily in producing for personal consumption to those that are oriented to the market and may employ hired labour. Their legal status varies; some are formally registered with local authorities as a separate farm, business, or smallholding but others exist within the framework of a larger organization or on the basis of informal contracts. Among the former are peasant farm economies (krestyankie fermskie khozyaistva) hereafter private farms, formed under the provisions of the land reform, small specialized agricultural businesses, and the allotments and smallholdings of urban residents. Among the latter is a rich variety of permanent and temporary businesses that use land under sharecropping and other rental agreements negotiated with larger farms and local authorities. They include the ranches (koshary) and peripatetic teams or rental brigades (arendnie brigady) described in the previous chapter, and more orthodox types of tenant farms. The justification for pulling this mixed bag together into a single chapter is that they either overlap or share some crucial characteristic with household producers: it may be the small scale of their operations or that much of their activity takes place ‘in the shadows’, or that like household producers they can be simultaneously involved in producing for their own consumption and for the market. Their existence suggests the need to examine the ways in which capital is reworking economic and social relationships in rural Russia, inside and outside existing institutions and the formal structures of power. Soviet collective and state farms were not unchanging institutions; their management structure, forms of labour organization, methods of remuneration, and forward and backward linkages evolved over the course of the sixty years after collectivization.

Introduction: What We Hope To Do

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge F. Goldstein ◽  
Martin Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Metal ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
True Story ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Harmful Radiation ◽  
Cancer Côlon

The movie Erin Brockovitch, starring Julia Roberts, opened in the spring of 2000 to excellent reviews and immediate popular success. Advertised as being “based on a true story,” it describes how an uneducated but feisty young woman discovers a cluster of diseases in a small California town, including uterine and breast cancer, Hodgkin’s disease, brain cancer, colon cancer, asthma, heart disease, and disorders of the immune system, which she attributes to contamination of the town’s drinking water with chromium, a toxic metal, due to negligent waste disposal practices of a large corporation. She then initiates a class-action lawsuit on behalf of the victims, which is settled for $333 million, the largest sum yet won in such a suit. The true story on which the case was based involved the Pacific Gas and Electric Corporation, which really did settle the lawsuit by paying out $333 million. Whether the willingness of the corporation to settle for this amount proves that the chromium did cause all the diseases claimed is an interesting question, which this book may shed some light on, but not directly answer. The movie is one of a number of recent films reflecting a widespread fear that the environment is being polluted by hazardous chemicals and harmful radiation that cause cancer and other diseases, and a need to identify and seek restitution from whoever is responsible. People living in the advanced industrialized countries of the world suffer from mixed feelings about their high standard of living. They are fully aware of its advantages, both for health and for the quality of life generally: greater freedom from infectious diseases, better medical care, longer life span, a higher standard of living, more choice in work and play. But there is a sense of disadvantages as well: concerns about a loss of community and of cultural diversity, about an obsession with material possessions, about pollution and destruction of the environment. In this book we will open only one of these Pandora’s boxes: the problem of environmental pollution and human health.

Polish migration to the UK

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Eva A. Duda-Mikulin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Women Migrants ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Polish Migration ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Contemporary Britain

Chapter two includes an overview of EU migration to the UK and migrants’ characteristics with the message that migration to the UK is not new. People have been migrating since forever; recently however, the issue of migration has been elevated to a key national concern in the UK and beyond. It is now one of the most contentious and divisive matters in contemporary Britain and globally. Meanwhile, the government continually fails to deliver on its promise to reduce net migration to the tens of thousands, but should it? This chapter presents and discusses most up-to-date existing statistical data in relation to EU migration to the UK and migrant characteristics. These are contrasted with new qualitative data from women migrants from Poland to the UK. This chapter provides an explanation of the current complexities related to EU nationals’ legal status in the UK. Finally, a series of interview extracts are presented to illustrate the abovementioned points.

scholarly journals Use of Automated Change Detection and VGI Sources for Identifying and Validating Urban Land Use Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-M. Olteanu-Raimond ◽  
L. See ◽  
M. Schultz ◽  
G. Foody ◽  
M. Riffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Change Detection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
User Profiles ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Impact

Land use and land cover (LULC) mapping is often undertaken by national mapping agencies, where these LULC products are used for different types of monitoring and reporting applications. Updating of LULC databases is often done on a multi-year cycle due to the high costs involved, so changes are only detected when mapping exercises are repeated. Consequently, the information on LULC can quickly become outdated and hence may be incorrect in some areas. In the current era of big data and Earth observation, change detection algorithms can be used to identify changes in urban areas, which can then be used to automatically update LULC databases on a more continuous basis. However, the change detection algorithm must be validated before the changes can be committed to authoritative databases such as those produced by national mapping agencies. This paper outlines a change detection algorithm for identifying construction sites, which represent ongoing changes in LU, developed in the framework of the LandSense project. We then use volunteered geographic information (VGI) captured through the use of mapathons from a range of different groups of contributors to validate these changes. In total, 105 contributors were involved in the mapathons, producing a total of 2778 observations. The 105 contributors were grouped according to six different user-profiles and were analyzed to understand the impact of the experience of the users on the accuracy assessment. Overall, the results show that the change detection algorithm is able to identify changes in residential land use to an adequate level of accuracy (85%) but changes in infrastructure and industrial sites had lower accuracies (57% and 75 %, respectively), requiring further improvements. In terms of user profiles, the experts in LULC from local authorities, researchers in LULC at the French national mapping agency (IGN), and first-year students with a basic knowledge of geographic information systems had the highest overall accuracies (86.2%, 93.2%, and 85.2%, respectively). Differences in how the users approach the task also emerged, e.g., local authorities used knowledge and context to try to identify types of change while those with no knowledge of LULC (i.e., normal citizens) were quicker to choose ‘Unknown’ when the visual interpretation of a class was more difficult.

scholarly journals Decision Making Support for Local Authorities Choosing the Method for Siting of In-City EV Charging Stations

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Sierpiński ◽  
Marcin Staniek ◽  
Marcin Jacek Kłos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Decision Making Support

Development of electromobility in urban areas requires an appropriate level of vehicle charging infrastructure. Numerous methods for siting of charging stations have been developed to date, and they appear to be delivering diverse outcomes for the same area, which is why local authorities face the problem of choosing the right station layout. The solution proposed in this article is to use a travel planner to evaluate the distribution of charging stations over the area of a metropolis. The decision making support is achieved by determining optimal travel routes for electric vehicles according to their initial state of charge for the three selected station siting methods. The evaluation focused on the following three aspects: (1) number of travels that cannot be made (due to the lack of a charging station at a certain distance around the start point), (2) extension of the travel caused by the need to recharge the vehicle on-route, and (3) additional energy consumption by electric vehicles required to reach the charging station (necessity of departing from the optimal route). An analysis of the results has made it possible to determine a solution which is superior to others. For the case study analysed in the paper, i.e., the territory of the Metropolis of Upper Silesia and Dabrową Basin (Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolia, GZM), the distribution of charging stations established in line with method I has returned the best results. What the method in question also makes possible is to indicate a safe minimum energy reserve to complete the travel by eliminating situations of unexpected vehicle immobilisation due to on-route energy depletion and by minimising the phenomenon referred to as range anxiety.

Air pollution and health condition of inhabitants of big cities in Śląskie Voivodship

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Zofia Mielecka-Kubień ◽  
Andrzej Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
High Standard ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Industrial District ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Big cities in Śląskie Voivodship, especially those from the territory of the former Upper Silesian Industrial District, are characterised by a high level of industrialization, relatively high standard of living and very high level of environmental pollution. The aim of the study described in this paper is to assess the levels of selected types of air pollution in big cities in Śląskie Voivodship and to compare them against chosen reports on the health condition of the population of the voivodship in the years 2014–2016. The study was based on data from the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection and Statistics Poland. The comparison of selected indicators of the health condition of the populations in the studied cities against their levels of air pollution demonstrated that in cities where air pollution reached the highest levels, the values of indicators of mortality were also the highest, whereas the values of indicators of life expectancy of newborn babies were the lowest. The worst situation regarding both the air pollution and health condition was observed in Chorzów, Dąbrowa Górnicza and Rybnik, and the best in Bielsko-Biała and Tychy.

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