scholarly journals Screening of Speech Intonation in Preschool Children

Author(s):  
Elena Anatolevna Larina

The article is focused on the topical issue of diagnostics of speech intonation in preschoolers with normal and impaired speech development. The technology of the study is analyzed, and diagnostic tools and evaluation criteria are proposed.

Author(s):  
Natalya Shcherbakova

Представлено исследование становления связной речи детей дошкольного возраста с нормой и нарушениями речевого развития. Проанализированы концепции ведущих отечественных ученых относительно изучения особенностей речевого развития у детей с общим недоразвитием речи. В рамках данной проблемы актуальным является рассмотрение вопросов формирования навыков самостоятельного построения рассказа у старших дошкольников с нормой и нарушениями речевого развития. Это связано с тем, что овладение рассказыванием представляет собой качественный переход на абсолютно новый уровень речемыслительной деятельности, что имеет значение в общем психическом развитии ребенка. Обосновывается мысль о том, что дошкольный возраст является благоприятным для интенсивного развития монологической речи, связного высказывания. Дошкольники в полной мере усваивают навыки владения семантическим, синтаксическим и морфологическим строем родного языка. Рассматриваются и обобщаются особенности речевого развития детей дошкольного возраста с общим недоразвитием речи. Приводятся эмпирические данные относительно ошибок в освоении детьми дошкольного возраста навыков самостоятельного построения рассказа. Достоверность результатов обоснована сравнительным анализом особенностей формирования построения рассказа детьми дошкольного возраста с общим недоразвитием речи и нормой речевого развития. С помощью сравнительного анализа выявляются словарные, грамматические, синтаксические затруднения детей дошкольного возраста в построении связного высказывания. Обосновывается необходимость разработки рекомендаций по коррекции особенностей самостоятельного составления рассказа у старших дошкольников с общим недоразвитием речи. This article is devoted to the study of the formation of coherent speech of preschool children with normal and impaired speech development. The article analyzes the concept of the leading Russian scientists to study the features of speech development in children with general underdevelopment of speech. Within the framework of this problem, it is urgent to consider the issues of formation of an independent construction of a story in older preschoolers with the norm and disorders of speech development. This is due to the fact that the mastery of storytelling is a qualitative transition to a completely new level of verbal activity of a child, which is important in the overall mental development of a child. The idea that preschool age is favorable for intensive development of monological speech and coherent utterance is substantiated. Preschoolers fully learn the skills of semantic, syntactic and morphological structure of the native language. The article discusses and summarizes the features of speech development of preschool children with General underdevelopment of speech. The article presents empirical data on the errors in the development of independent storytelling in preschool children. The reliability of the results is substantiated by the comparative analysis of the peculiarities of formation of the plot of preschoolers with general underdevelopment of speech and normal speech development. On the basis of the comparative analysis, vocabulary, grammar and syntactic difficulties of preschool children in construction of the coherent statement are revealed. In conclusion, on the basis of the above conclusions, the need to develop recommendations for correcting the features of self-compilation of a story among older preschoolers with general underdevelopment of speech is justified.


Author(s):  
Olena Belova

The paper proves that the problem of aggressive behaviour of schoolchildren under the conditions of nowadays life is of a particular importance so far as pedagogical experience confirms that the tendency to increasing of the aggression level among the children of school age are observed; this influences on their relations with parents, teachers, age-mates and causes discomfort for them and also some difficulties in the process of study. According to scientific resource a child lives, acts, feels, thinks, speaks, imagines, remembers in the state of aggression. Long-lasting aggressive state can influence specifically on the way of its thinking (depression, paranoic manifestation etc.), on the development of imagination (drawing of fights, war, fire etc.), on speech (speaks rudely, insultingly, arrogantly etc.) and in general on the personality. The presence of aggression in the child's behaviour always makes great difficulties during communication but the aggressive tendencies should not be appraised only as negative. Aggression can increase on the background of increasing the child's activeness as well as decrease. It can manifest situatively in all children and it's not always indicates the disorder regarding a personality sphere of a child. So aggression can help a child to develop the initiaitve soul. But also it can provoke isolation and hostility. In our research work we are trying to observe the problem of children's aggression catholicly that is why we be carrying out the research in its different spheres: "I-Personality", "I – in the family", "I – in the society". We also have predicted that the comparative analysis of modelling peculiarities of the aggressive behaviour will allow us to discover common and different qualities of aggression manifestation in children with typical development and disordered speech. The materials of the research of the constatation phase will help to determine the directions of compensation and correction of the marked-out states and to form the studying-preventive technique for junior schoolchildren due to them. The analysis of the results of scientific works systematically and logically combines the features of its carrying, diagnostic tools of aggression and evaluation criteria of qualities of completing tasks into a modified "Plot and situational-illustrated" technique which is aimed at the study of aggression in primary school children with different levels of speech development in three main aspects of the study: "I – in the family," "I – in the society" and "I-Personality". The analysis of scientific and methodological sources allowed us to distinguish three types and six subtypes of aggression, and to identify their symptoms: the self-regulated type included the controlled subtype and the competitive subtype; the latent type – the defence subtype and the depressive subtype; the behavioral type – the demonstrative subtype and the physical subtype. The peculiarities of modelling of aggressive behaviour types in primary schoolchildren with typical psychophysical development, with phonetic disordered speech (PhDS), phonetic-phonemic disordered speech (PhPhDS) and mildly manifested general speech disorderes (MMGSD) are discovered.


2021 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 08018
Author(s):  
Victoria Kolyagina ◽  
Maria Valdes Odriozola ◽  
Anna Eremina

Currently, the number of children with impaired speech development is constantly increasing, but the emotional difficulties that exist in this category of children remain insufficiently studied. Regional studies are particularly important in this area, and they provide the best insight into which emotional disturbances are related to the structure of the disability and the family situation, and which are related to general social tensions in a particular region and especially in a metropolitan setting. This article presents the research data on the psychological study of fears in children with various speech development disorders and their normally developing peers. The aim of the research is to identify and study the characteristics of fears in preschoolers with speech development impairments in Moscow City. The research methods. The study and analysis of medical, psychological and pedagogical literature, observation, conversation, the study of medical and pedagogical documentation, collection and analysis of anamnestic data, analysis of the products of children’s activities, modified questionnaire by A.I. Zakharov “fears in the houses”, Peter Muris’s modified test “fear levels”, a questionnaire for parents to identify the fears of children and parents, test questionnaire of child-parent relationship (QPR) by A.Y. Vargi and V.V. Stolin. methods of mathematical statistics, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the experimental data. The results of the study. Experimental data were obtained and systematized. It characterizes the features of fears of older preschoolers with different impaired speech development in comparison with normally developing peers. The description of the dominant fears of preschool children and their specific features inherent in children with speech disorders is given. Data were obtained on predisposition to an increased number of fears in the male part of the examined group of children. There were identified the average fears indicators that were higher than the existing standards for all the studied groups.


QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Awad El-Sayed ◽  
Hanan Mohamed Abdel-Lateef ◽  
Rasha Hassan El-Owaidy ◽  
Shady Sarwat Shaker

Abstract Background Cow milk allergy (CMA) is the third most common food allergy that triggers anaphylactic reactions. Lactose intolerence, infantile colic and gastroesophageal reflux are the most common conditions which overlap with CMA causing both over and underdiagnosis. There are no wide population based epidemiological studies for the prevalence of CMA among Egyptian children. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of CMA among infants and preschool children and to correlate the parental reporting of CMA to the available diagnostic tools. Methods We conducted a cross sectional study that included 800 Egyptian children aged 3 months -5 years, who were enrolled consecutively from the primary care units and outpatient clinics of Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University. Detailed history taking and clinical examination were done and those with suggestive history of CMA were subjected to further evaluation including skin prick test (SPT) and oral challenge test (OCT). Results The study comprised 390 girls (48.8%) and 410 boys (51.2%). Their weight centiles ranged between 5th and 97th percentiles, with median (IQR)=25(5-50) percentiles and mean(SD)=36.1(31.9). CM was introduced at age of 1-12 months, mean (SD): 9 (6) months with median (IQR): 12 (9-12) months. Forty (5%) subjects had suggestive history of CMA, 32 of whom completed their evaluation. The diagnosis of cow milk allergy was confirmed in 8/40 children (20%), comprising 1 % of the whole study sample. CMA was probably excluded at the time of the study in 21 subjects (52.5%), while diagnosis remained undetermined in 11/40 cases (27.5%) (8 refused to undergo SPT & OCT while 3 were lost to follow up). Conclusion The prevalence of CMA in Egyptian infants and preschool children is estimated to be around 1 % with possible overestimation of cow milk allergy diagnosis according to parental reports.


Author(s):  
Ol’ga A. Koval’

The article is devoted to the study of emotional development in preschool age children with violations of speech development, and its relationship with emotional intelligence of the mother, the emotional interaction between mother and child, implemented a style of emotional upbringing. Topicality of the work is determined by the increasing number of children with speech pathology and, accordingly, the increasing acuteness of issues affecting their social adaptation and the formation of readiness for school. Two abnormal groups and two normative groups participated in the study. Abnormal groups included 35 pairs of "primary preschool child – mother" and 54 pairs of "middle preschool child – mother". All children of pathological groups had a verified diagnosis of mental retardation (delay of psychological and speech development). Similarly, normative groups were formed by age ranges, the first of which included 32 "child-mother" pairs, the second – 36 "child-mother" pairs. Normative group was formed of preschoolers of kindergartens of the city of Vladimir who had normative development. As a result of the research, it was found that the emotional development of children with speech pathology has distinctive features in comparison with normatively developing children. Mothers of preschool children with speech pathology differ in the level of development of components of emotional intelligence, they have characteristic features in emotional interaction with children in comparison with mothers who raise normatively developing children. There are connections between the level of development of emotional intelligence of the mother, the features of emotional interaction and the development of the emotional sphere of preschool children with speech pathology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3B) ◽  
pp. 258-267
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Krasheninnikova ◽  
Valentina V. Voroshilova ◽  
Olga S. Polunina ◽  
Natalia V. Osipova ◽  
Nikolay N. Kosarenko ◽  
...  

The article aims to study the specificities of an individually differentiated approach in the formation of speech generalization semantics and communicative competence in older preschool children. The main approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches in the study of an individually differentiated approach to the linguistic competence of preschool children, which allows us to identify the most effective ones.  The article focuses on the concepts of individualization and differentiation in the development of the semantic aspect of speech and communicative competence, taking into account the individual psychological characteristics of the children. It is concluded that an individually differentiated approach increases the effectiveness of measures to form linguistic competence in the system of semantics of generalization of discourse. The materials of the article can be useful for speech therapists, specialists in preschool institutions that work in the area of speech development for older preschoolers, as well as for teachers in search of effective technologies for the formation of language skills.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Dmitrii L. Tikhonravov ◽  
Vladislav B. Voitenkov ◽  
Inna U. Golubeva ◽  
Alexander P. Gerasimov ◽  
Artem Y. Pashkov

The goal of the present study was to test the method of forming or actualizing preverbal concepts in the conditions of an independent search for a task solution in order to use the method in clinical practice. The conditions of the absence of researchers instructions allow: 1) to compare in ontogenetic and clinical aspects; 2) to develop the skills of an independent search for solutions in problem situations; 3) to improve the creative potential of a child; 4) to develop the ability to achieve a goal. The advantage of using the preverbal concepts of size and shape is that this method can be applied to children of primary preschool age and children with a delay in speech development. To test the method, 7 healthy children of the middle preschool age (4-5-year-old children) were selected. The first task was to form or actualize the concept of a bigger or smaller size in children during the simultaneous presentation of 4 flat or volume geometrical figures. The second task was to form or actualize the concept of a flat or volumetric object among simultaneously presented 4 figures of the same size (small, medium or big). To get reward children should have chosen the figure, which was different from the other 3 ones in a trial during the formation of both the concepts. In the both tasks, we calculated the quantity of trials, which were needed for the single attainment or excess of the 70% level of the correct task performance per each type of learning. The behavioral results showed that the learning speeds during the formation of the concepts of the bigger/smaller size and flat/volumetric shape did not significantly differ from each other. It could be suggested that those concepts were equally important for the 4-5-year-old children. The study showed that the concept formation model is a convenient psychological method for testing the level of the development of the higher cognitive functions in participants and its use is possible in clinical practice with the parallel recording of the brain activity (EEG, evoked potentials etc.) in children in the process of their performing cognitive tasks. The described model is promising for identifying intellectual developmental delays in preschool children and can be used to test children with various cognitive abnormalities.


2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (06) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Becker ◽  
Peter Herkenrath ◽  
Christoph Düchting ◽  
Friederike Körber ◽  
Pablo Landgraf ◽  
...  

AbstractMutations in SCN2A are associated with a heterogeneous clinical spectrum including epilepsy and autism. Here, we have identified a peculiar phenotype associated with vaccination related exacerbations of ataxia. We report the first family with three individuals affected by SCN2A-associated episodic ataxia (EA) with impaired speech development. The index patient manifested his first episode of subacute cerebellar ataxia at the age of 12 months, 3 weeks after vaccinations for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed a lesion of the left cerebellar hemisphere, which was first considered as a potential cause of the ataxia. The patient fully recovered within 3 weeks, but developed three very similar episodes of transient ataxia within the following 24 months. Whole exome sequencing of the index patient revealed a heterozygous autosomal-dominant mutation in SCN2A (NM_021007, c.4949T > C; p.L1650P), which was confirmed in the likewise affected mother, and was then also identified in the younger brother who developed the first episode of ataxia. We hereby extend the recently described spectrum of SCN2A-associated neurologic disorders, emphasizing that SCN2A mutations should also be considered in familial cases of EA. Coincidental imaging findings or other associated events such as immunizations should not protract genetic investigations.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Robinson ◽  
David C. Kendall ◽  
Kenneth G. Cambon

This paper reviews the development of a provincial program to evaluate and train preschool children with hearing impairment of a degree sufficient to interfere with language and speech development. Problems relating to delay in diagnostic assessment and hence to early initiation of training are described, and some suggestions for overcoming them are made. It is suggested that physicians, and particularly pediatricians, have an important role in the resolution of these problems.


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