Beverage Caffeine Intakes in Young Children In Canada and the US

2006 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Knight ◽  
Ian Knight ◽  
Diane C. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Carbonated Soft Drinks ◽  
The Us ◽  
American Children ◽  
Few Data

Purpose: Throughout childhood there is a shift from predominantly milk-based beverage consumption to other types of beverages, including those containing caffeine. Although a variety of health effects in children and adults have been attributed to caffeine, few data exist on caffeine intake in children aged one to five years. Methods: Because beverages provide about 80% of total caffeine consumed in children of this age group, beverage consumption patterns and caffeine intakes were evaluated from two beverage marketing surveys: the 2001 Canadian Facts study and the 1999 United States Share of Intake Panel study. Results: Considerably fewer Canadian children than American children consume caffeinated beverages (36% versus 56%); Canadian children consume approximately half the amount of caffeine (7 versus 14 mg/day in American children). Differences were largely because of higher intakes of carbonated soft drinks in the US. Conclusions: Caffeine intakes from caffeinated beverages remain well within safe levels for consumption by young children.

Total water intake and its contributors in infants and young children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Chouraqui ◽  
Simon N. Thornton ◽  
Louise Seconda ◽  
Stavros A. Kavouras
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Plain Water ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
Infants And Young Children ◽  
Total Water Intake

Abstract Hydration is a particular concern for infants and young children due to their greater risk of dehydration. However, studies on their water intakes are scarce. The current survey aimed to analyze total water intake (TWI) in non-breastfed children aged 0.5-35 months compared to the adequate intake (AI) for the same age group set by the EFSA and to examine the different contributors to TWI as well as beverage consumption patterns. Nationally representative data from the Nutri-Bébé cross-sectional survey were used to assess food, beverage, and plain water consumption by age group over three non-consecutive days. With age, median TWI in 1,035 children increased from 732 to 1010 mL/d, without differences between sex, but with a great inter-individual variation, and the percentage of children who did not meet the AI increased from 10% to 88%. Median weight-related TWI decreased from 136.6 to 69.0 mL/kg/d. Among infants, 90% had a ratio of water/energy below the AI, similarly for about 75% of toddlers. Milk and milk products were the main contributors to TWI, while the part of plain water increased gradually to be 25% in the older toddlers, half of which was tap water. The beverage consumption pattern varied in types and timing, with little consumption of juices and sweetened beverages. Vegetables and fruits accounted for 20% of TWI after the age of 6 months. These initial results, showing strong discrepancies between actual and recommended water intakes in young children, should help identify ways to increase children’s water consumption.

scholarly journals Transmission Dynamics of and Insights from the 2018-2019 Measles Outbreak in New York City: A Modeling Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Young Children ◽  
York City ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
The Us

AbstractIn 2018-2019, New York City experienced the largest measles outbreak in the US in nearly three decades. To identify key factors contributing to this outbreak to aid future public health interventions, here we developed a model-inference system to infer the transmission dynamics of measles in the affected community, based on incidence data. Our results indicate that delayed vaccination of young children aged 1-4 years enabled the initial spread of measles and that increased infectious contact among this age group, likely via gatherings intended to expose unvaccinated children (i.e. “measles parties”), further aggravated the outbreak and led to widespread of measles beyond this age group. We found that around half of infants were susceptible to measles by age 1 (the age-limit to receive the first vaccine dose in the US); as such, infants experienced a large number of infections during the outbreak. We showed that without the implemented vaccination campaigns, the outbreak severity including numbers of infections and hospitalizations would be 10 times higher and predominantly affect infants and children under 4. These results suggest that recommending the first vaccine dose before age 1 and the second dose before age 4 could allow pro-vaccine parents to vaccinate and protect infants and young children more effectively, should high level of vaccine hesitancy persist. In addition, enhanced public health education is needed to reduce activities that unnecessarily expose children to measles and other infections.

scholarly journals The carbon footprint of dietary guidelines around the world: a seven country modeling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Kovacs ◽  
Lindsey Miller ◽  
Martin C. Heller ◽  
Donald Rose
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

Abstract Background Do the environmental impacts inherent in national food-based dietary guidelines (FBDG) vary around the world, and, if so, how? Most previous studies that consider this question focus on a single country or compare countries’ guidelines without controlling for differences in country-level consumption patterns. To address this gap, we model the carbon footprint of the dietary guidelines from seven different countries, examine the key contributors to this, and control for consumption differences between countries. Methods In this purposive sample, we obtained FBDG from national sources for Germany, India, the Netherlands, Oman, Thailand, Uruguay, and the United States. These were used to structure recommended diets using 6 food groups: protein foods, dairy, grains, fruits, vegetables, and oils/fats. To determine specific quantities of individual foods within these groups, we used data on food supplies available for human consumption for each country from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization’s food balance sheets. The greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) used to produce the foods in these consumption patterns were linked from our own database, constructed from an exhaustive review of the life cycle assessment literature. All guidelines were scaled to a 2000-kcal diet. Results Daily recommended amounts of dairy foods ranged from a low of 118 ml/d for Oman to a high of 710 ml/d for the US. The GHGE associated with these two recommendations were 0.17 and 1.10 kg CO2-eq/d, respectively. The GHGE associated with the protein food recommendations ranged from 0.03 kg CO2-eq/d in India  to 1.84 kg CO2-eq/d in the US, for recommended amounts of 75 g/d and 156 g/d, respectively. Overall, US recommendations had the highest carbon footprint at 3.83 kg CO2-eq/d, 4.5 times that of the recommended diet for India, which had the smallest footprint. After controlling for country-level consumption patterns by applying the US consumption pattern to all countries, US recommendations were still the highest, 19% and 47% higher than those of the Netherlands and Germany, respectively. Conclusions Despite our common human biology, FBDG vary tremendously from one country to the next, as do the associated carbon footprints of these guidelines. Understanding the carbon footprints of different recommendations can assist in future decision-making to incorporate environmental sustainability in dietary guidance.

scholarly journals Beverage Consumption Patterns among Overweight and Obese African American Women

Nutrients ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terryl Hartman ◽  
Regine Haardörfer ◽  
Brenda Greene ◽  
Shruti Parulekar ◽  
Michelle Kegler
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African American Women ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Beverage Consumption ◽  
American Women
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